Disorders - Substance Use Disorders
Konghom, S., Verachai, V., Srisurapanont, M., Suwanmajo, S., Ranuwattananon, A., Kimsongneun, N., Uttawichai, K.
Background: Inhalants are being abused by large numbers of people throughout the
world, particularly socio-economically disadvantaged children and adolescents. The neuropsychological effects of acute and chronic inhalant abuse
include motor impairment, alterations in spontaneous motor activity, anticonvulsant effects, anxiolytic effects, sensory effects, and effects and
learning, memory and operant behaviour (e.g., response rates and discriminative stimulus effects).Objectives: To search and determine risks, benefits
and costs of a variety treatments for inhalant dependence or abuse.Search methods: We searched MEDLINE (1966 - February 2010), EMBASE (Januray 2010)
and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (February 2010). We also searched for ongoing clinical trials and unpublished studies
via Internet searches.Selection criteria: Randomised-controlled trials and controlled clinical trails (CCTs) comparing any intervention in people
with inhalant dependence or abuse.Data collection and analysis: Two reviewers independently selected studies for inclusion, assessed trial quality
and extracted data.Main results: No studies fulfilling the inclusion criteria have been retrieved.Authors' conclusions: Implications for practice:
due to the lack of studies meeting the inclusion criteria, no conclusion can be drawn for clinical practice.Implications for research: as a common
substance abuse with serious health consequences, treatment of inhalant dependence and abuse should be a priority area of substance abuse
research.
Cochrane Database of Systematic
Reviews, (12) : CD7537
- Year: 2010
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Biological Interventions
(any), Psychological Interventions
(any)
O'Leary-Barrett, Maeve, Mackie, Clare J., Castellanos-Ryan, Natalie, Al-Khudhairy, Nadia, Conrod, Patricia
J.
Objective: Method: Results: Conclusion: This trial examined the efficacy of teacher-delivered
personality-targeted interventions for alcohol-misuse over a 6-month period.This randomized controlled trial randomly allocated participating schools
to intervention (n = 11) or control (n = 7) conditions. A total of 2,506 (mean age, 13.7 years) were assessed for elevated levels of personality risk
factors for substance misuse: sensation-seeking, impulsivity, anxiety sensitivity, and hopelessness. Six hundred ninety-six adolescents were invited
to participate in teacher-delivered personality-targeted interventions, and 463 were assigned to the nontreatment condition. Primary outcomes were
drinking, binge-drinking status, quantity by frequency of alcohol use, and drinking-related problems.School delivery of the personality-targeted
intervention program was associated with significantly lower drinking rates in high-risk students at 6-month follow-up (odds ratio, 0.6), indicating
a 40% decreased risk of alcohol consumption in the intervention group. Receiving an intervention also predicted significantly lower binge-drinking
rates in students who reported alcohol use at baseline (odds ratio, 0.45), indicating a 55% decreased risk of binge-drinking in this group compared
with controls. In addition, high-risk intervention-school students reported lower quantity by frequency of alcohol use (beta = -.18) and drinking-
related problems (beta = -.15) compared with the nontreatment group at follow-up.This trial replicates previous studies reporting the efficacy of
personality-targeted interventions and demonstrates that targeted interventions can be successfully delivered by teachers, suggesting potential for
this approach as a sustainable school-based prevention model. Clinical trial registration information-Personality-Targeted Interventions for
Adolescent Alcohol Misuse, URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov, unique identifier: NCT00344474.\r2010 American Academy of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(9) : 954-
963.e1
- Year: 2010
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions
Oesterle, Sabrina, Hawkins, J. David, Fagan,
Abigail A., Abbott, Robert D., Catalano, Richard F.
Universal community-oriented interventions are an important component in the prevention of youth health and behavior problems. Testing the
universality of the effects of an intervention that was designed to be universal is important because it provides information about how the program
operates and for whom and under what conditions it is most effective. The present study examined whether the previously established significant
effects of the universal, community-based Communities That Care (CTC) prevention program on the prevalence of substance use and the variety of
delinquent behaviors held equally for boys and girls and in risk-related subgroups defined by early substance use, early delinquency, and high levels
of community-targeted risk at baseline. Interaction analyses of data from a panel of 4,407 students followed from Grade 5 to Grade 8 in the first
randomized trial of CTC in 12 matched community pairs suggests that CTC reduced students' substance use and delinquency equally across risk-related
subgroups and gender, with two exceptions: The effect of CTC on reducing substance use in 8th grade was stronger for boys than girls and the impact
of CTC on reducing 8th-grade delinquency was stronger for students who were nondelinquent at baseline.
Prevention Science, 11(4) : 411-
423
- Year: 2010
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Other service delivery and improvement
interventions
O'Leary-Barrett, M, Al-Khudhairy, N., Conrod, P.
Context:
Preventure (Conrod, Castellanos and Mackie, 2008) has been found to be effective in reducing drinking and binge drinking in adolescents attending
mainstream schools. Objective: To determine whether educational professionals such as teachers, mentors or individuals in a pastoral role, who are
trained in carrying out the Preventure personality-targeted interventions will be similarly effective in reducing alcohol use and misuse in a group
of adolescents. Participants: 3096 adolescents (mean age 13.7 years) in 21 schools across London. Schools were randomly assigned to control or
intervention condition, and students in intervention schools who met the criteria for any of the 4 personality risk subscales of the Substance Use
Risk Profile Scale (Negative Thinking, Anxiety Sensitivity, Sensation Seeking and Impulsivity) were invited to participate in a personality-targeted
intervention by trained members of staff from their schools. 1409 students met the criteria for personality risk for substance abuse, of which 609
were in school assigned to the intervention condition and received interventions. Intervention: A randomised control trial of a brief, personality-
targeted intervention carried out by educational staff such as teachers, mentors or individuals in a pastoral role. Main Outcome Measures: The main
outcome measures of this ongoing trial are drinking status, binge drinking status and illicit drug use at 6, 12, 18 and 24-months post-baseline in
students meeting the personality risk criteria for substance use. Secondary measures will include psychiatric symptoms and reckless behaviours. This
paper will present 6-month drinking outcomes. Results: Preliminary analyses indicate a significant effect of the intervention on quantity by
frequency (QF) of alcohol use over 6 months, with the intervention condition associated with less growth in QF of drinking. F(1,843)=5.910, p=0.015.
Results also indicate a trend for the intervention to prevent the growth of binge drinking over a 6-month period, (chi)2(1,N=896)=3.286, p=0.070.
This is especially pronounced in teenagers who reported having consumed alcohol at baseline, (chi)2(1,N =357)=4.977, p=0.026, NNT=8.3. Conclusions:
These findings provide preliminary evidence demonstrating that educational professionals can be successfully trained in the delivery of a brief
personality-targeted substance misuse prevention programme, and have wider implications for the delivery and sustained use of such programmes in
schools.
Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research, 33 : 42A
- Year: 2009
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions
Newton, Nicola C., Andrews, Gavin, Teesson, Maree, Vogl, Laura E.
Objective: Method: Results: Conclusions: To establish the efficacy of an internet based prevention program to reduce alcohol and cannabis
use in adolescents.A cluster randomised controlled trial was conducted with 764 13-year olds from ten Australian secondary schools in 2007-2008. Half
the schools were randomly allocated to the computerised prevention program (n=397), and half to their usual health classes (n=367). The Climate
Schools: Alcohol and Cannabis prevention course is facilitated by the internet and consists of novel, evidence-based, curriculum consistent lessons
aimed at reducing alcohol and cannabis use. Participants were assessed at baseline, immediately post, and at six months following the
intervention.Compared to the control group, students in the intervention group showed significant improvements in alcohol and cannabis knowledge at
the end of the course and the six month follow-up. In addition, the intervention group showed a reduction in average weekly alcohol consumption and
frequency of cannabis use at the six month follow-up. No differences between groups were found on alcohol expectancies, cannabis attitudes, or
alcohol and cannabis related harms.The course is acceptable, scalable and fidelity is assured. It increased knowledge regarding alcohol and cannabis,
and decreased use of these drugs.
Preventive
Medicine, 48(6) : 579-584
- Year: 2009
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Psychoeducation, Skills training, Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)
Moore, M. J., Werch, C.
This article reports the efficacy of a brief substance use preventive
reintervention for suburban high school students funded by NIAAA. Participants were randomly assigned to receive a brief consultation or control
brochure in Fall 2002. Significant positive effects at the 3- and 12-month follow-up have been reported elsewhere. A total of 346 10th- and 12th-
grade students were recruited from the original sample for the reintervention study in Fall 2003. Students remained in their originally assigned
group and received a brief iterative consultation or control brochure. The same survey was used to collect information on ATOD use and
risk/protective factors at all data points. MANCOVAs revealed no group differences 18 months after the initial study baseline. Analysis examining
interactions between substance users and nonusers by treatment group indicated significant positive effects for substance-using adolescents who
received reintervention. Study limitations, implications, and suggestions for future research are discussed. (copyright) 2009 Informa UK Ltd All
rights reserved.
Substance Use &
Misuse, 44(7) : 1009-1020
- Year: 2009
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions
Pan, Wei, Bai, Haiyan
The Drug Abuse
Resistance Education (D.A.R.E.) program is a widespread but controversial school-based drug prevention program in the United States as well as in
many other countries. The present multivariate meta-analysis reviewed 20 studies that assessed the effectiveness of the D.A.R.E. program in the
United States. The results showed that the effects of the D.A.R.E. program on drug use did not vary across the studies with a less than small overall
effect while the effects on psychosocial behavior varied with still a less than small overall effect. In addition, the characteristics of the studies
significantly explained the variation of the heterogeneous effects on psychosocial behavior, which provides empirical evidence for improving the
school-based drug prevention program.
International Journal of Environmental Research &
Public Health, 6(1) : 267-277
- Year: 2009
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Psychoeducation, Skills training
Liddle, Howard A., Rowe, Cynthia L., Dakof, Gayle A., Henderson, Craig E., Greenbaum, Paul E.
Research has established the dangers of early onset substance use for young adolescents and its links to a host of developmental
problems. Because critical developmental detours can begin or be exacerbated during early adolescence, specialized interventions that target known
risk and protective factors in this period are needed. This controlled trial (n = 83) provided an experimental test comparing multidimensional family
therapy (MDFT) and a peer group intervention with young teens. Participants were clinically referred, were of low income, and were mostly ethnic
minority adolescents (average age = 13.73 years). Treatments were manual guided, lasted 4 months, and were delivered by community agency therapists.
Adolescents and parents were assessed at intake, at 6-weeks post-intake, at discharge, and at 6 and 12 months following treatment intake. Latent
growth curve modeling analyses demonstrated the superior effectiveness of MDFT over the 12-month follow-up in reducing substance use (effect size:
substance use frequency, d = 0.77; substance use problems, d = 0.74), delinquency (d = 0.31), and internalized distress (d = 0.54), and in reducing
risk in family, peer, and school domains (d = 0.27, 0.67, and 0.35, respectively) among young adolescents.
Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 77(1) : 12-25
- Year: 2009
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT), Family therapy
Johnson, Knowlton W., Shamblen, Stephen R., Ogilvie, Kristen A., Collins, David, Saylor, Brian
This study tests for the efficacy of a school-based drug prevention curriculum (Think Smart) that was designed to reduce use of
Harmful Legal Products (HLPs, such as inhalants and over-the-counter drugs), alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs among fifth- and sixth-grade students
in frontier Alaska. The curriculum consisted of 12 core sessions and 3 booster sessions administered 2 to 3 months later, and was an adaptation of
the Schinke life skills training curriculum for Native Americans. Fourteen communities, which represented a mixture of Caucasian and Alaska Native
populations in various regions of the state, were randomly assigned to intervention or control conditions. Single items measuring 30-day substance
use and multi-item scales measuring the mediators under study were taken from prior studies. Scales for the mediators demonstrated satisfactory
construct validity and internal reliability. A pre-intervention survey was administered in classrooms in each school in the fall semester of the
fifth and sixth grades prior to implementing the Think Smart curriculum, and again in the spring semester immediately following the booster session.
A follow-up survey was administered 6 months later in the fall semester of the sixth and seventh grades. A multi-level analysis found that the Think
Smart curriculum produced a decrease (medium size effect) in the proportion of students who used HLPs over a 30-day period at the 6 month follow-up
assessment. There were no effects on other drug use. Further, the direct effect of HLPs use was not mediated by the measured risk and protective
factors that have been promoted in the prevention field. Alternative explanations and implications of these results are discussed.
Prevention Science, 10(4) : 298-312
- Year: 2009
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Psychoeducation, Skills training
Findling, R. L., Pagano, M. E., McNamara, N. K., Stansbrey, R. J., Faber, J. E., Lingler, J., Demeter, C. A., et-al
Background: The objective of this study was to examine whether fluoxetine was superior to placebo in the acute amelioration of
depressive symptomatology in adolescents with depressive illness and a comorbid substance use disorder. Methods: Eligible subjects ages 12-17 years
with either a current major depressive disorder (MDD) or a depressive disorder that were also suffering from a comorbid substance-related disorder
were randomized to receive either fluoxetine or placebo in this single site, 8-week double-blind, placebo-controlled study. The primary outcome
analysis was a random effects mixed model for repeated measurements of Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised (CDRS-R) scores compared between
treatment groups across time. Results: An interim analysis was performed after 34 patients were randomized. Based on the results of a futility
analysis, study enrollment was halted. Twenty-nine males and 5 females were randomized to receive fluoxetine (n = 18) or placebo (n = 16). Their mean
age was 16.5 (1.1) years. Overall, patients who received fluoxetine and placebo had a reduction in CDRS-R scores. However, there was no significant
difference in mean change in CDRS-R total score in those subjects treated with fluoxetine and those who received placebo (treatment difference =
0.19, S.E. = 0.58, F = 0.14, p = .74). Furthermore, there was not a significant difference in rates of positive urine drug toxicology results between
treatment groups at any post-randomization visit (F = 0.22, df = 1, p = 0.65). The main limitation of this study is its modest sample size and
resulting low statistical power. Other significant limitations to this study include, but are not limited to, the brevity of the trial, high placebo
response rate, limited dose range of fluoxetine, and the inclusion of youth who met criteria for depressive disorders other than MDD. Conclusion:
Fluoxetine was not superior to placebo in alleviating depressive symptoms or in decreasing rates of positive drug screens in the acute treatment of
adolescents with depression and a concomitant substance use disorder. (copyright) 2009 Findling et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
Child & Adolescent Psychiatry & Mental
Health, 3 :
- Year: 2009
- Problem: Depressive Disorders, Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Biological Interventions
(any), Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
Griffin, James P., Jr., Holliday, Rhonda C., Frazier, Emma, Braithwaite, Ronald L.
This article
examines the effectiveness of a career-oriented intervention for preventing involvement with alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs (ATODs) and violence
and for promoting resilient behavior among eighth-grade, African American middle school students (N=178; n=92 intervention and n=86 comparison)
through the implementation of the Building Resiliency and Vocational Excellence (BRAVE) Program. Students were randomly assigned to either the
intervention or control group. Students in the evaluation participated in the school-based BRAVE Program intervention and the standard public school
curriculum. Comparison students participated only in the standard curriculum. Alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use and violent behavior were assessed
for 178 students at baseline, post-test, and one-year follow up (one year after baseline). Results revealed a beneficial effect of the intervention
on participants' frequency of use of alcohol (p<.04) and marijuana (p<.05), but no effect for violent behavior.
Journal of Health Care for the Poor & Underserved, 20(3) : 798-
816
- Year: 2009
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Skills training
Hawkins, J. David, Oesterle, Sabrina, Brown, Eric C., Arthur, Michael W., Abbott, Robert D., Fagan, Abigail A., Catalano, Richard F.
Objective: Design: Setting: Participants: Main Outcome Measures: Results: Conclusion: To test
whether the Communities That Care (CTC) prevention system reduces adolescent alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use and delinquent behavior
communitywide.The Community Youth Development Study is the first randomized trial of CTC.In 2003, 24 small towns in 7 states, matched within state,
were randomly assigned to control or CTC conditions.A panel of 4407 fifth-grade students was surveyed annually through eighth grade. Intervention A
coalition of community stakeholders received training and technical assistance to install the CTC prevention system. They used epidemiological data
to identify elevated risk factors and depressed protective factors in the community, and chose and implemented tested programs to address their
community's specific profile from a menu of effective programs for families, schools, and youths aged 10 to 14 years.Incidence and prevalence of
alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use and delinquent behavior by spring of grade 8.The incidences of alcohol, cigarette and smokeless tobacco
initiation, and delinquent behavior were significantly lower in CTC than in control communities for students in grades 5 through 8. In grade 8, the
prevalences of alcohol and smokeless tobacco use in the last 30 days, binge drinking in the last 2 weeks, and the number of different delinquent
behaviors committed in the last year were significantly lower for students in CTC communities.Using the CTC system to reduce health-risking behaviors
in adolescents can significantly reduce these behaviors communitywide.
Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 163(9) : 789-
798
- Year: 2009
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Other service delivery and improvement
interventions