Disorders - Substance Use Disorders
Spoth, Richard L., Redmond, Cleve, Trudeau, Linda, Shin,
Chungyeol
This study evaluated the
substance initiation effects of an intervention combining family and school-based competency-training intervention components. Thirty-six rural
schools were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 conditions: (a) the classroom-based Life Skills Training (LST) and the Strengthening Families Program: For
Parents and Children 10-14, (b) LST only, or (c) a control condition. Outcomes were examined 1 year after the intervention posttest, using a
substance initiation index (SII) measuring lifetime use of alcohol, cigarettes, and marijuana and by rates of each individual substance. Planned
intervention-control contrasts showed significant effects for both the combined and LST-only interventions on the SII and on marijuana initiation.
Relative reduction rates for alcohol initiation were 30.0% for the combined intervention and 4.1% for LST only.
Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 16(2) : 129-
34
- Year: 2002
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Skills training, Other Psychological Interventions
Wolchik, Sharlene A., Sandler,
Irwin N., Millsap, Roger E., Plummer, Brett A., Greene, Shannon M., Anderson, Edward
R., Dawson-McClure, Spring R.
CONTEXT: Compared with their peers with
nondivorced parents, adolescents with divorced parents are more likely to have mental health problems, drop out of school, and become pregnant. The
long-term effects of intervention programs for this population are unknown. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long-term effectiveness of 2 programs designed
to prevent mental health problems in children with divorced parents. DESIGN AND SETTING: Six-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial of 2
intervention programs (mother program: 11 group and 2 individual sessions; mother plus child program: mother program and 11 group sessions for
children) and a control condition (books on postdivorce adjustment), which was conducted in a large metropolitan US city from April 1998 through
March 2000. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 218 families (91% of the original sample) with adolescents aged between 15 and 19 years were reinterviewed. MAIN
OUTCOME MEASURES: Externalizing and internalizing problems, diagnosed mental disorders, drug and alcohol use, and number of sexual partners. RESULTS:
Eleven percent of adolescents in the mother plus child program (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.8%-18.2%) had a 1-year prevalence of diagnosed mental
disorder compared with 23.5% (95% CI, 13.8%-33.2%) of adolescents in the control program (P =.007). Adolescents in the mother plus child program had
fewer sexual partners (mean [SE], 0.68 [0.16]) compared with adolescents in the control program (1.65 [0.37]; P =.01). Adolescents with higher
initial mental health problems whose families were in the mother plus child program had lower externalizing problems (P =.007) and fewer symptoms of
mental disorder (P =.02) compared with those in the control program. Compared with controls, adolescents whose mothers participated in the mother
program and who had higher initial mental health problems had lower levels of externalizing problems (P<.001); fewer symptoms of mental disorder (P
=.005); and less alcohol (P =.005), marijuana (P =.02), and other drug use (P =.01). CONCLUSIONS: In adolescents of divorced parents, the mother
program and the mother plus child program reduced symptoms of mental disorder; rates of diagnoses of mental disorder; levels of externalizing
problems; marijuana, alcohol, and other drug use; and number of sexual partners.
JAMA, 288(15) : 1874-81
- Year: 2002
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions
Sussman, Steve, Dent, Clyde W., Stacy, Alan W.
OBJECTIVE: To provide a review of the evidence from 3 experimental trials of Project Towards No Drug
Abuse (TND), a senior-high-school-based drug abuse prevention program. METHODS: Theoretical concepts, subjects, designs, hypotheses, findings, and
conclusions of these trials are presented. A total of 2,468 high school youth from 42 schools in southern California were surveyed. RESULTS: The
Project TND curriculum shows reductions in the use of cigarettes, alcohol, marijuana, hard drugs, weapon carrying, and victimization. Most of these
results were replicated across the 3 trials. CONCLUSION: Project TND is an effective drug and violence prevention program for older teens, at least
for one-year follow-up.
American Journal of Health Behavior, 26(5) : 354-65
- Year: 2002
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions
Wu, Zunyou, Detels, Roger, Zhang, Jiapeng, Li, Virginia, Li,
Jianhua
OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated a community-based program in China to prevent initiation
of drug use in young men. METHODS: Similar intervention and control areas were selected. Village leaders, teachers, and women and youth leaders were
recruited to participate in the program. Community activities were organized and intervention activities in schools were implemented. Incidence of
new drug users was estimated. RESULTS: There was a 2.7-fold greater reduction in drug use initiation in the intervention area (1.59% vs 0.60%).
Reduction was highest among males aged 15 to 19, single men, illiterate men, and the Jingpo minority. HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitudes and
recognition of drug problems were all significantly better in the intervention area. CONCLUSIONS: Community-based intervention programs to prevent
drug use can be successful in rural areas of China.
American Journal of Public Health, 92(12) : 1952-7
- Year: 2002
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Psychoeducation
Dishion, Thomas J., Kavanagh, Kathryn, Schneiger, Alison, Nelson, Sarah, Kaufman, Noah K.
The Adolescent Transitions Program (ATP) promotes student adjustment and reduces risk
within a public school setting, focusing primarily on parenting practices using a tiered, multilevel prevention strategy. A description is given of
the program, levels of engagement, and intervention effects. Within each school, multiethnic students (N = 672) and their families were randomly
assigned at the individual level to a control condition or the ATP intervention. Analyses focus on the longitudinal effects of the ATP intervention
on self-reported substance use through middle school and the 1st year of high school (Grades 6, 7, 8, and 9). Levels of engagement in the selected
and indicated interventions were somewhat less than expected. Despite relatively low levels of engagement, the intervention reduced initiation of
substance use in both at-risk and typically developing students. These findings are discussed with respect to lessons learned about parent
engagement, optimizing strategies for schoolwide implementation, and the promise of embedding family interventions within the public school
ecology.
Prevention Science, 3(3) : 191-201
- Year: 2002
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions
Eisen, Marvin, Zellman, Gail
L., Massett, Holly A., Murray, David M.
Thirty-four schools (n=7426 consented sixth graders, 71% of the eligible population) were randomized to conditions to test
the hypothesis that \"Skills for Adolescence\" (SFA) is more effective than standard care in deterring and delaying substance use through middle
school. One-year posttest data were collected from 6239 seventh graders (84% of those eligible). Initiation of \"ever\" and \"recent\" use of five
substances for baseline nonusers and changes in recent use for baseline users by experimental condition were compared using mixed model regression to
control for school clustering. For pretest nonusers, recent cigarette smoking was lower for SFA than controls (P<.05), as was lifetime marijuana use
(P<.06). There were also three Treatment x Ethnicity interactions around drinking behaviors. Hispanics in SFA were less likely to ever and recently
drink, and to recently binge drink than Hispanic controls; there were no treatment differences among non-Hispanics. For baseline users, there were
three significant SFA delays in transition to experimental or recent use of more \"advanced\" substances: drinking to smoking, drinking to marijuana
use, and binge drinking to marijuana.
Addictive Behaviors, 27(4) : 619-32
- Year: 2002
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Skills training
Cuijpers, Pim
Several studies have suggested that peer-led
drug prevention programs are more effective than adult-led programs, but the evidence is not conclusive. In this article the results are presented of
a meta-analysis of studies that compare drug prevention programs led by peers to the same programs led by adults. Twelve studies were identified in a
systematic literature search. The quality of these studies was not optimal, and the interventions and target groups differed considerably among
studies. Overall, peer-led programs were found to be somewhat more effective than adult-led programs (standardized difference d: 0.24). Large
differences between studies were found, with some studies indicating greater effects for peer-led programs and other studies showing greater effects
for adult-led programs. It is concluded that the effectiveness of a prevention program is determined by several characteristics of the programs. The
leader may constitute one of those characteristics.
Journal of Drug
Education, 32(2) : 107-19
- Year: 2002
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions
Lochman, John E., Wells, Karen C.
This study evaluates the effects of an indicated preventive intervention and a universal preventive intervention. Children were
identified as being at risk on the basis of 4th-grade teachers' ratings of children's aggressive and disruptive behaviors, and interventions were
delivered during the 5th- and 6th-grade years. Children were randomly assigned to the Coping Power intervention, the universal intervention, the
combined Coping Power plus universal intervention, or a control condition. The Coping Power program included child and parent components. Results
indicated that all 3 intervention cells produced relatively lower rates of substance use at postintervention than did the control cell. The
interventions also produced effects on 3 of the 4 predictor variable domains: children's social competence and self-regulation and parents'
parenting skills.
Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 16(4 ) : S40-
54
- Year: 2002
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Skills training
Kaminer,
Yifrah, Burleson, Joseph A., Goldberger, Ronit
The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) versus
psychoeducational therapy (PET) for adolescent substance abusers. Eighty-eight consecutively referred predominantly dually diagnosed adolescents were
randomized to one of two eight-week, outpatient group psychotherapy conditions. Drug urinalysis and the Teen-Addiction Severity Index (T-ASI) were
used as outcome measurements. Treatment completion rate was 86%, follow-up location rate was 95%, and rates of posttreatment at 3- and 9-month
follow-up evaluation were 80% and 65%, respectively. Comorbid conduct disorder was significantly associated with treatment noncompletion and reduced
follow-up rate. CBT subjects exhibited significantly lower rates of positive urinalysis than did PET subjects for older youth and male subjects at 3
-month follow-up evaluation. Most T-ASI subscales indicated sound improvement from baseline to 3- and 9-month follow-up evaluation across conditions.
Reduction in substance use was achieved regardless of treatment conditions. Replication of these findings, continued exploration of potential
matching effects of conduct disorder, age, and gender to singular or integrative treatment modalities, and exploration of aftercare programs for the
maintenance or enhancement of treatment gains are warranted.
Journal of
Nervous & Mental Disease, 190(11) : 737-45
- Year: 2002
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT), Psychoeducation
Kaminski, Ruth A., Stormshak, Elizabeth A., Good, Roland H.,, Goodman, Matthew Reader
The effectiveness of a comprehensive intervention with preschool children aimed at reducing the risk of later
substance abuse was examined. The intervention targeted risk factors during the preschool years linked to later substance use in adolescence and
adulthood. Head Start classrooms were randomly assigned to either the intervention or the control group. A classroom-based curriculum was delivered
by Head Start teachers who received a number of training workshops and continued consultation. Parent training and home visits were also provided to
intervention families. Positive parenting as well as parent-school involvement increased over the 1st year of intervention. Intervention families
maintained the positive effects on parenting into the kindergarten year over a matched control group; however, effects on school bonding were not
maintained. Improvements in social competence, reported by teachers and parents, were found at the end of kindergarten. No changes were found for
self-regulation.
Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 16(4 ) : S11-
26
- Year: 2002
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions
Henggeler, Scott W., Clingempeel, W., Brondino, Michael J., Pickrel, Susan G.
Although several treatments for adolescent
substance abuse have been identified as promising by reviewers and federal agencies, treatment effects extending beyond 12 months have not been
demonstrated in randomized clinical trials. The primary purpose of this report was to examine the 4-year outcomes of an evidence-based treatment of
substance-abusing juvenile offenders. Eighty of 118 substance-abusing juvenile offenders participated in a follow-up 4 years after taking part in a
randomized clinical trial comparing multisystemic therapy (MST) with usual community services. A multimethod (self-report, biological, and archival
measures) assessment battery was used to measure the criminal behavior, illicit drug use, and psychiatric symptoms of the participating young adults.
Analyses demonstrated significant long-term treatment effects for aggressive criminal activity (0.15 versus 0.57 convictions per year) but not for
property crimes. Findings for illicit drug use were mixed, with biological measures indicating significantly higher rates of marijuana abstinence for
MST participants (55% versus 28% of young adults). Long-term treatment effects were not observed for psychiatric symptoms. (PsycINFO Database Record
(c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved).
Journal
of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 41(7) : 868-874
- Year: 2002
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Multisystemic
therapy
Godley, Mark D., Godley, Susan H., Dennis, Michael L., Funk, Rodney, Passetti, Lora L.
In many treatment systems, adolescents referred to residential treatment have the most serious alcohol or other substance use disorders and are at
high risk of relapse. Upon discharge, these adolescents are typically referred to continuing care services, however, linkage to these services is
often problematic. In this study, 114 adolescents (76% male) who stayed at least 7 days in residential treatment were randomly assigned to receive
either usual continuing care (UCC) or UCC plus an assertive continuing care protocol (ACC) involving case management and the adolescent community
reinforcement approach. ACC participants were significantly more likely to initiate and receive more continuing care services, to be abstinent from
marijuana at 3 months postdischarge, and to reduce their 3-month postdischarge days of alcohol use. Preliminary findings demonstrate an ACC approach
designed for adolescents can increase linkage and retention in continuing care and improve short-term substance use outcomes.
Journal of Substance Abuse
Treatment, 23(1) : 21-32
- Year: 2002
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Relapse prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Case management