Disorders - Anorexia Nervosa
Palmer, S., Gronemann, J., Mattler, U., Febry,
H., Wunsch-Leiteritz, W., Leiteritz, A., Brockmeyer, T.
Objective: Very brief exposure to masked images of
spider stimuli can facilitate approach behaviour towards spiders in fearful subjects. We hypothesized that a similar effect might occur for fear of
food in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), possibly offering a new treatment approach, with advantages over other methods of food exposure. Method
(s): Patients with AN (n = 60) were randomly assigned to one of three experimental conditions and received a single session of exposure to either
masked and very briefly presented food images, clearly visible food images, or masked non-food images (i.e. household items). Effects of the three
exposure conditions on fear of food and food avoidance were examined. Result(s): Contrary to our expectations, very brief food cue exposure was not
superior to the control conditions regarding fear of food and approach behaviour towards food immediately after the intervention and body mass index
four weeks later. Conclusion(s): This finding suggests important differences between fear of food in AN and specific phobias such as fear of spiders.
The absence of an effect reveals limitations of the very brief exposure method, which might be better suited for evolutionarily relevant threat
stimuli. Copyright © 2021 The Authors. European Eating Disorders Review published by Eating Disorders Association and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
European Eating Disorders Review, 29(4) : 645-656
- Year: 2021
- Problem: Anorexia Nervosa
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Exposure therapy, Exposure
and response prevention, Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)
Naumann, E., Svaldi, J.
The goal of the present study was to investigate the influence of
expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal on eating-related symptomatology in anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN). Secondly, on the
background of theoretical models proposing a reciprocal relationship between suppression and rumination, we sought to understand whether inhibition
of emotional expression also affects ruminative thinking in eating disorders. Women with AN (n = 39), BN (n = 37) and a control group (CG, n = 41)
were randomly assigned to either engage in suppression or reappraisal during a sadness-eliciting film clip. Levels of drive to eat, anticipated loss
of control over eating and ruminative thoughts were rated before and after the induction of emotion regulation. Induced expressive suppression led to
a decrease of reported drive to eat in AN and an increase of anticipated loss of control over eating in BN. All groups responded to suppression with
greater rumination, whereas no significant changes were found for reappraisal. Mediation analyses on trait questionnaires pointed to rumination as a
partial mediator of the correlation between suppression and eating disorder pathology. Results are discussed in line with recent empirical research
and current emotion regulation theories. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)
Behaviour Research and Therapy Vol 141
2021, ArtID 103851, 141 :
- Year: 2021
- Problem: Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions
Maglia,
M., Corello, G., Caponnetto, P.
According to the WHO definition,
\"telemedicine is the provision of health services, where distance is a critical factor, by all health professionals who use information and
communication technologies for the exchange of valid information for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases, research and evaluation,
and for the continuous training of health professionals, all in the interest of advancing the health of individuals and their communities\". The
purpose of our review work is specifically to investigate the effects of telemedicine in the treatment and prevention of eating disorders in
adolescents. From June 2021 to (September 2021) in the databases of the Web of Science, EMBASE, PsycINFO and CINHAL, using search terms such as
telehealth, eating disorder, adolescents, Internet/online treatments CBT and FB-T, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder. The
articles resulting from the search phases in the databases listed above produced a total of 176 items. Once the procedures for selecting the works
were completed, only four studies were included in the review. Modern e-health psychological approaches in the treatment of eating disorders provide
potential bases of continuous assistance that are decidedly less burdensome in the costs of territorial services in the case that they are not
identified as necessary. Copyright © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(23) (no
pagination) :
- Year: 2021
- Problem: Eating Disorders
(any), Anorexia Nervosa, Binge Eating Disorders, Bulimia Nervosa
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any)
Lock, J., Couturier, J., Matheson, B. E., Datta, N., Citron, K., Sami, S., Welch, H., Webb, C., Doxtdator, K., John-Carson, N.
Objective: This report describes the feasibility, acceptability, and outcomes from a pilot randomized clinical trial (RCT) comparing
an online guided self-help program version of family-based treatment (GSH-FBT) for parents with a child with DSM-5 anorexia nervosa (AN) to FBT
delivered via videoconferencing (FBT-V). Method(s): Between August 2019 and October 2020, 40 adolescents ages 12-18 years with DSM-5 AN and their
families were recruited at two sites and randomized to either twelve 20-min guided sessions of GSH-FBT for parents or fifteen 60-min sessions of
FBT-V for the entire family. Recruitment, retention, and acceptability of treatment were the primary outcomes. Secondary outcomes were changes in
weight, eating disorder examination (EDE), parental self-efficacy, weight remission, full remission, and outcome efficiency (therapist time needed to
achieve treatment outcomes). Result(s): Descriptive data are reported. Recruitment and retention rates are similar to RCTs using in-person
treatments. Both treatments received similar acceptability rates. Medium and large effect sizes (ES) related to improvements in weight, EDE, parental
self-efficacy, and remission were achieved in both treatments and were maintained at a 3-month follow-up. Clinical outcomes between groups were
associated with a small ES. Differences in efficiency (outcome/therapist time) were associated with a large ES difference favoring GSH-FBT.
Discussion(s): These data support the feasibility of conducting an adequately powered RCT comparing online GSH-FBT to FBT-V to determine which
approach is more efficient in achieving improvements in clinical outcomes in adolescents with AN. Copyright © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
International Journal of Eating Disorders, 54(11) : 1998-
2008
- Year: 2021
- Problem: Anorexia Nervosa
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Family therapy, Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)
Leger, J., Fjellestad-Paulsen, A., Bargiacchi, A., Pages, J., Chevenne, D., Alison, M., Alberti,
C., Guilmin-Crepon, S.
CONTEXT: Children with anorexia nervosa (AN) are at risk of adult height deficit due to prolonged low height velocity (HV). OBJECTIVE(S): To
investigate the effects of human growth hormone (GH) injections on HV in children with AN and severe growth impairment. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS: In
this prospective, randomized, double-blind, single-center, proof-of-concept trial, children with AN and low HV (<=2 cm/year) for at least 18 months,
and a bone age <=12 years for girls and <=14 years for boys, were randomized to receive daily subcutaneous injections of human GH (0.050 mg/kg/day)
or placebo for 12 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Change in HV after 12 months. RESULT(S): In total, 8 patients were assigned to the GH group and 6 to
the placebo group. Patients had a median (25th-75th percentile) HV of 1.0 (0.5;1.5) cm/year. The effect of GH treatment increased strongly after 6
months, with a height gain after 12 months of 9.65 (8.0;11.6) cm for the GH group vs 3.85 (1.7;7.3) cm for the placebo group, with an absolute median
(2.5th-97.5th percentile) difference between the groups of 5.8 (-1.85;9.68) cm after bootstrapping. The percentage of patients with a HV > 5 cm/year
during the study period was higher in the GH group than in the placebo group (100% vs 50%, P = 0.05). Adverse events occurred in similar numbers in
the 2 groups, were mild or nonfatal, and did not lead to treatment being stopped. CONCLUSION(S): GH administration to improve HV is a potentially
valid option for increasing HV in children with AN and prolonged severe growth failure. Copyright © The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford
University Press on behalf of the Endocrine Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: [email protected].
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 106(7) : e2535-
e2546
- Year: 2021
- Problem: Anorexia Nervosa
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Biological Interventions
(any), Other biological interventions
Haines, M. S., Kimball, A., Meenaghan, E., Bachmann, K. N., Santoso, K., Eddy, K. T., Singhal, V., Ebrahimi, S., Dechant, E., Weigel, T., Ciotti, L., Keane, R. J., Gleysteen, S., Mickley, D., Bredella, M. A., Tan, C. O., Gupta, R., Misra, M., Schoenfeld, D., Klibanski, A., Miller, K. K.
Anorexia nervosa is complicated by low
bone mineral density (BMD) and increased fracture risk associated with low bone formation and high bone resorption. The lumbar spine is most severely
affected. Low bone formation is associated with relative insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) deficiency. Our objective was to determine whether bone
anabolic therapy with recombinant human (rh)IGF-1 used off-label followed by antiresorptive therapy with risedronate would increase BMD more than
risedronate or placebo in women with anorexia nervosa. We conducted a 12-month, randomized, placebo-controlled study of 90 ambulatory women with
anorexia nervosa and low areal BMD (aBMD). Participants were randomized to 3 groups: 6months of rhIGF-1 followed by 6months of risedronate (\"rhIGF-
1/Risedronate\")(n = 33), 12months of risedronate (\"Risedronate\")(n = 33), or double placebo (\"Placebo\")(n = 16). Outcome measures were lumbar
spine [1degree endpoint: postero-anterior (PA) spine], hip, and radius aBMD by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and vertebral, tibial, and
radial volumetric (v)BMD and estimated strength by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pCT)(for extremity measurements)
and multi-detector computed tomography (for vertebral measurements). At baseline, mean age, body mass index (BMI), aBMD and vBMD were similar among
groups. At 12months, mean PA lumbar spine aBMD was higher in the rhIGF-1/Risedronate (p = 0.03) group, and trended towards being higher in the
Risedronate group, than Placebo. Mean lateral lumbar spine aBMD was higher in the rhIGF-1/Risedronate than the Risedronate or Placebo groups
(p<0.05). Vertebral vBMD was higher, and estimated strength trended toward being higher, in the rhIGF-1/Risedronate than Placebo group (p<0.05).
Neither hip or radial aBMD or vBMD, nor radial or tibial estimated strength, differed among groups. rhIGF-1 was well tolerated. Therefore, sequential
therapy with rhIGF-1 followed by risedronate increased lateral lumbar spine aBMD more than risedronate or placebo. Strategies that are anabolic and
antiresorptive to bone may be effective at increasing BMD in women with anorexia nervosa. This article is protected by copyright. All rights
reserved.
Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society
for Bone and Mineral Research., 06 :
- Year: 2021
- Problem: Eating Disorders
(any), Anorexia Nervosa
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Biological Interventions
(any), Other biological interventions
Golden, N. H., Cheng, J., Kapphahn, C. J., Buckelew, S. M., Machen, V. I., Kreiter, A., Accurso, E. C., Adams, S. H., LeGrange, D., Moscicki, A. B., Sy, A. F., Wilson, L., Garber, A. K.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: We recently reported the short-term results of this trial revealing that higher-calorie refeeding (HCR)
restored medical stability earlier, with no increase in safety events and significant savings associated with shorter length of stay, in comparison
with lower-calorie refeeding (LCR) in hospitalized adolescents with anorexia nervosa. Here, we report the 1-year outcomes, including rates of
clinical remission and rehospitalizations. METHOD(S): In this multicenter, randomized controlled trial, eligible patients admitted for medical
instability to 2 tertiary care eating disorder programs were randomly assigned to HCR (2000 kcals per day, increasing by 200 kcals per day) or LCR
(1400 kcals per day, increasing by 200 kcals every other day) within 24 hours of admission and followed-up at 10 days and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months post
discharge. Clinical remission at 12 months post discharge was defined as weight restoration ($95% median BMI) plus psychological recovery. With
generalized linear mixed effect models, we examined differences in clinical remission over time. RESULT(S): Of 120 enrollees, 111 were included in
modified intent-to-treat analyses, 60 received HCR, and 51 received LCR. Clinical remission rates changed over time in both groups, with no evidence
of significant group differences (P =.42). Medical rehospitalization rates within 1-year post discharge (32.8% [19 of 58] vs 35.4% [17 of 48], P
=.84), number of rehospitalizations (2.4 [SD: 2.2] vs 2.0 [SD: 1.6]; P =.52), and total number of days rehospitalized (6.0 [SD: 14.8] vs 5.1 [SD:
10.3] days; P =.81) did not differ by HCR versus LCR. CONCLUSION(S): The finding that clinical remission and medical rehospitalization did not differ
over 1-year, in conjunction with the end-of-treatment outcomes, support the superior efficacy of HCR as compared with LCR. Copyright © 2021 American
Academy of Pediatrics. All rights reserved.
Pediatrics, 147(4) :
- Year: 2021
- Problem: Anorexia Nervosa
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Biological Interventions
(any), Other biological interventions, Service Delivery & Improvement, Other service delivery and improvement
interventions
Garber, A. K., Cheng, J., Accurso, E. C., Adams, S. H., Buckelew, S.
M., Kapphahn, C. J., Kreiter, A., LeGrange,
D., MacHen, V. I., Moscicki, A. B., Sy, A., Wilson, L., Golden, N. H.
Importance: The standard of care for refeeding inpatients with anorexia nervosa, starting with
low calories and advancing cautiously, is associated with slow weight gain and protracted hospital stay. Limited data suggest that higher-calorie
refeeding improves these outcomes with no increased risk of refeeding syndrome. Objective(s): To compare the short-term efficacy, safety, and cost of
lower-calorie vs higher-calorie refeeding for malnourished adolescents and young adults with anorexia nervosa. Design, Setting, and Participant(s):
In this multicenter randomized clinical trial with prospective follow-up conducted at 2 inpatient eating disorder programs at large tertiary care
hospitals, 120 adolescents and young adults aged 12 to 24 years hospitalized with anorexia nervosa or atypical anorexia nervosa and 60% or more of
median body mass index were enrolled from February 8, 2016, to March 7, 2019. The primary analysis was a modified intent-to-treat approach.
Intervention(s): Higher-calorie refeeding, beginning at 2000 kcal/d and increasing by 200 kcal/d vs lower-calorie refeeding, beginning at 1400 k/cal
and increasing by 200 kcal every other day. Main Outcomes and Measures: Main outcomes were end-of-treatment outcomes; the primary end point of this
trial will be clinical remission over 12 months. Short-term efficacy was defined a priori as time to restore medical stability in the hospital,
measured by the following 6 indices: 24-hour heart rate of 45 beats/min or more, systolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or more, temperature of 35.6
degreeC or more, orthostatic increase in heart rate of 35 beats/min or less, orthostatic decrease in systolic blood pressure of 20 mm Hg or less, and
75% or more of median body mass index for age and sex. The prespecified safety outcome was incidence of electrolyte abnormalities; cost efficacy was
defined as savings associated with length of stay. Result(s): Because 9 participants withdrew prior to treatment, the modified intention-to-treat
analyses included 111 participants (93%; 101 females [91%]; mean [SD] age, 16.4 [2.5] years). Higher-calorie refeeding restored medical stability
significantly earlier than lower-calorie refeeding (hazard ratio, 1.67 [95% CI, 1.10-2.53]; P =.01). Electrolyte abnormalities and other adverse
events did not differ by group. Hospital stay was 4.0 days shorter (95% CI,-6.1 to-1.9 days) among the group receiving higher-calorie refeeding,
which was associated with a savings of $19056 (95% CI,-$28819 to-$9293) in hospital charges per participant. Conclusions and Relevance: In the first
randomized clinical trial in the US to compare refeeding approaches in patients with anorexia nervosa and atypical anorexia nervosa, higher-calorie
refeeding demonstrated short-term efficacy with no increase in safety events during hospitalization. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov
Identifier: NCT02488109. Copyright © 2021 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.
JAMA Pediatrics, 175(1) : 19-
27
- Year: 2021
- Problem: Anorexia Nervosa
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Biological Interventions
(any), Other biological interventions, Service Delivery & Improvement, Other service delivery and improvement
interventions
Gan, J. K. E., Wu, V. X., Chow, G., Chan, J. K. Y., Klainin-Yobas, P.
Objective: This study aimed to synthesize the best
available evidence regarding the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions on body mass index (BMI), body dissatisfaction, depression and
anxiety among individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN). Method(s): Published studies in English were searched using seven databases (such as PubMed).
Grey literature was searched using ProQuest and Scopus. Studies were screened, appraised and extracted by two independent reviewers. Meta-analysis
was performed and standardized mean difference was used as an effect measure. Heterogeneity was determined by I2 statistics and Cochran
chi2 test. Publication bias was appraised using funnel plots. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were also conducted. Result(s): Nineteen
RCTs from eight different countries were included in this review. Behavioral family system therapy (BFST) was found to enhance BMI while conjoint
family therapy (CFT) was more effective in ameliorating depression. Studies implementing combined family and individual therapy and those with longer
therapeutic durations produced larger effect sizes. Conclusion(s): This review provided evidence to support BSFT, CFT and combined family and
individual therapy for adolescents with AN. Practical implications: Healthcare professionals may offer the two interventions to adolescents with AN
in clinical settings. Future research may further investigate the effectiveness of BSFT and CFT on BMI and depression. Copyright © 2021 Elsevier
B.V.
Patient Education and
Counseling., :
- Year: 2021
- Problem: Anorexia Nervosa
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any)
Correll, C. U., Cortese, S., Croatto, G., Monaco, F., Krinitski, D., Arrondo, G., Ostinelli, E., Zangani, C., Fornaro, M., Estrade, A., Fusar-Poli, P., Carvalho, A. F., Solmi, M.
Top-tier evidence on the safety/tolerability
of 80 medications in children/adolescents with mental disorders has recently been reviewed in this jour-nal. To guide clinical practice, such data
must be combined with evidence on efficacy and acceptability. Besides medications, psychosocial inter-ventions and brain stimulation techniques are
treatment options for children/adolescents with mental disorders. For this umbrella review, we systematically searched network meta-analyses (NMAs)
and meta-analyses (MAs) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating 48 medications, 20 psychosocial interventions, and four brain stimulation
techniques in children/adolescents with 52 different mental disorders or groups of mental disorders, reporting on 20 different efficacy/acceptability
outcomes. Co-primary outcomes were disease-specific symptom reduction and all-cause discontinuation (\"acceptability\"). We included 14 NMAs and 90
MAs, reporting on 15 mental disorders or groups of mental disorders. Overall, 21 medications outperformed placebo regarding the co-primary outcomes,
and three psychosocial interventions did so (while seven outperformed waiting list/no treatment). Based on the meta-analytic evidence, the most
convincing efficacy profile emerged for amphetamines, methylphenidate and, to a smaller extent, behavioral therapy in attention-deficit/hyperactivity
disorder; aripiprazole, risperidone and several psychosocial interventions in autism; risperidone and behavioral interventions in disruptive behavior
disorders; several antipsychotics in schizophrenia spectrum disorders; fluoxetine, the combination of fluoxetine and cognitive behavioral therapy
(CBT), and interpersonal therapy in depression; aripiprazole in mania; fluoxetine and group CBT in anxiety disorders; fluoxetine/selective serotonin
reuptake inhibitors, CBT, and behavioral therapy with exposure and response prevention in obsessive-compulsive disorder; CBT in post-traumatic stress
disorder; imipramine and alarm behavioral intervention in enuresis; behavioral therapy in encopresis; and family therapy in anorexia nervosa. Results
from this umbrella review of interventions for mental disorders in children/adolescents provide evidence-based information for clinical decision
making.Copyright © 2021 World Psychiatric Association
World Psychiatry, 20(2) : 244-
275
- Year: 2021
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Bipolar Disorders, Depressive Disorders, Anorexia Nervosa, Psychosis Disorders, Suicide or self-harm behaviours (excluding non-suicidal self-harm)
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Biological Interventions
(any), Psychological Interventions
(any)
Bryan, D. C., Cardi, V., Willmott,
D., Teehan, E. E., Rowlands, K., Treasure, J.
Aim: In the short term, intensive treatment focusing on restoring weight for
anorexia nervosa can remediate many symptoms. However, there is a high level of relapse after discharge. This paper examines interventions developed
to bridge the transition from intensive to less intensive forms of treatment for adult anorexia nervosa. Method(s): We undertook a systematic review
of the literature on interventions aimed at providing transition support. The Template for Intervention Description and Replication was used to
describe components of the transition interventions. Patient's drop-out rates, weight, eating disorder psychopathology and mood data were extracted
at end of treatment and follow-up to describe preliminary efficacy. Result(s): Fourteen studies were selected: nine used psychological interventions
delivered through face-to-face talking therapy or guided self-help, three examined the use of fluoxetine and two assessed stepped-care approaches.
Transition support was delivered to patients in 11 studies, to patients and carers in two studies, and carers alone in another study. Conclusion(s):
There was a great heterogeneity in the content and structure of the transition interventions evaluated. Overall, drop-out rates were lower for
psychological support than pharmacological interventions or stepped-care approaches. Changes in eating disorder outcomes and mood were small to
moderate throughout for studies that included a comparison group. Copyright © 2021 The Authors. European Eating Disorders Review published by Eating
Disorders Association and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
European Eating Disorders Review., :
- Year: 2021
- Problem: Anorexia Nervosa
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Biological Interventions
(any), Psychological Interventions
(any)
Brockmeyer, T., Schmidt, H., Rausch, A. L., Zimmermann,
J., Leiteritz, W. W., Leiteritz, A., Friederich, H. C.
objective:
especially for adult patients with anorexia nervosa (an), treatment response is generally low to moderate. the present study aimed to evaluate the
efficacy of cognitive remediation therapy (crt) as adjunctive treatment for an regarding clinical and cognitive outcomes. method(s): in this
randomized controlled superiority trial, 167 adult and adolescent (>=17 years) patients with an were randomly allocated (1:1) to 10 weekly sessions
of group therapy of either crt (n = 82) or art therapy (art; n = 85) as an adjunct to inpatient treatment-as-usual (tau). outcomes were assessed at
baseline, end-of-treatment (10 weeks), and 6-month follow-up. change in body mass index (bmi), eating disorder psychopathology, and health-related
quality of life (qol) from baseline to 6-month follow-up served as primary outcomes. improvements in motivation to change and several indices of
set-shifting and central coherence between baseline and end-of-treatment and between baseline and 6-month follow-up served as secondary outcomes.
analysis was by intention to treat. result(s): treatment groups did not differ regarding change in bmi, eating disorder psychopathology, and health-
related qol from baseline to 6-month follow-up. likewise, groups neither differed regarding improvements in these outcomes between baseline and end-
of-treatment nor in motivation to change, set-shifting, and central coherence at any time, except for greater short-term improvements in one measure
of set-shifting in the crt group. conclusion(s): crt as an adjunct to inpatient tau for an was not efficacious in improving clinical and cognitive
outcomes. the results do not support routine employment of crt in inpatient treatment for an copyright © 2021 american psychological association
Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 89(10) : 805-815
- Year: 2021
- Problem: Anorexia Nervosa
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive remediation
therapy, Creative expression: music, dance, drama, art