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The Evidence Finder tool allows you to search published studies of treatment and prevention strategies for mental health and substance use issues in young people. You can use the filters to refine your search or browse by category.
Disorders - Opioid Use
Gupta, A. K., Jha, B. K.
The efficacy of clonidine in controlling heroin withdrawal symptoms has been compared to that of a\rchlordiazepoxide artd
chlorpromazine combination in 120 male Indian patients in a single blind controlled\rdesign. Rhinorrhoea, nausea, vomitting, diarrhoea, confusion,
disorientation and delirium were observed to\roccur significantly less often in patients receiving clonidine. Only 6.67%patients on clonidine
developed severe\rhypotension. Clonidine was observed to be relatively safe and effective cts a single drug for inpatients in the\rdetoxification
programme as compared to tranquillizers alone. The therapeutic effects and side effects observed\rwere similar to those reported in European and
American studies.
British Journal of
Addiction, 83(9) : 1079-84
- Year: 1988
- Problem: Opioid Use
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Biological Interventions
(any), Typical Antipsychotics (first generation), Anxiolytics including benzodiazepines, Medications used to treat substance abuse
Madden, C, Singer, G., Jagoda, J., Jethwa, J., et-al.,
Investigated whether heroin-dependent persons, having completed methadone detoxification, can be maintained
on an inert substance that has previously been associated with methadone. 40 heroin-dependent men and women were randomly allocated to either a
standard detoxification or a cordial substitution group. Results show that Ss administered methadone-associated cordial after methadone
detoxification could not be retained at the clinic significantly longer than Ss in the standard detoxification group, despite the inability of the Ss
to accurately estimate methadone dosage. The role of cognitive factors in drug withdrawal is discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all
rights reserved).
International Journal of the Addictions, 21(8) : 947-953
- Year: 1986
- Problem: Opioid Use
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Biological Interventions
(any), Medications used to treat substance abuse
Taschner, K. L.
Clonidine and doxepin alleviate the symptoms of the opiate withdrawal syndrome. Clonidine was slightly more
effective in controlling sweating, hot flushes, palpitations and nausea, and doxepin was slightly more effective in relieving the craving for
opiates, lassitude and depression. Adverse effects such as sedation, dry mouth and falls in blood pressure occurred in both groups. There were six
cases of collapse during treatment with high doses of doxepin, whereas only one subjective circulatory effect occurred in the clonidine group. At
these high doses, doxepin may cause orthostatic hypotension via a peripheral alpha-receptor blockade. Clonidine reduced pulse rate whereas doxepin,
with its anticholinergic action and indirectly via its alpha-receptor blocking action, raised it. Several patients in the doxepin group hat fits, as
opposed to only one in the clonidine group. It is possible that the use of barbiturates had reduced the convulsive threshold in some of our patients.
Overall, clonidine and doxepin were equipotent at adequate individual dose levels, and both were well tolerated. In this trial, serious side-effects
occurred less often in the clonidine group.
Pharmacopsychiatry, 19(3) : 91-5
- Year: 1986
- Problem: Opioid Use
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Biological Interventions
(any), Tricyclic antidepressants, Medications used to treat substance abuse
Gunne, L. M., Gronbladh, L.
Thirty-
four drug addicts, aged 20 - 24 years, with a history of 4 - 8 years of intravenous heroin abuse, were randomly assigned either to a methadone
maintenance treatment (MMT) (17) or to an untreated group (17). The untreated controls could not apply for entrance to the program until two years
later. It was found that after two years 12 MMT patients had abandoned their drug habits and begun work, whereas 5 had recurrent drug abuse problems.
Of the controls, one was drug-free and gainfully employed, 12 were continuously abusing heroin (3 of these had incurred potentially fatal diseases in
consequence), 2 were in prison and 2 had diet. Two to seven years after their first visit to the Psychiatric Research Center 8 of the original
control group have been accepted into the program. At present 19 (out of 25 admitted) are gainfully employed and no longer abusing drugs. Among the
remaining controls 4 are dead, 3 are in prison, one in spite of a serious heart condition abuses heroin and one is drug-free. The rehabilitation rate
was thus 76 per cent in the program as compared to 6 per cent among the control group. In addition, MMT obviously reduced the high morbidity and
mortality rates found in a selection of heroin addicts who fulfilled the admittance criteria of the Swedish program.
Drug
& Alcohol Dependence, 7(3) : 249-56
- Year: 1981
- Problem: Opioid Use
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Biological Interventions
(any), Medications used to treat substance abuse