Disorders - Suicide or self-harm behaviours
Janssen, W., Van-Raak, J., Van-Der-Lucht, Y., Van-Ballegooijen, W., Merelle, S.
Objective: To examine whether the outcomes of a chat-
based suicide-prevention helpline could be improved by training counselors in motivational interviewing (MI).\rMethods: In a pre- and post-test
design, visitors of a chat-based suicide prevention helpline received either the Five-Phase Model (treatment as usual [TAU]) or MI. They completed a
pre- and post-chat questionnaire on several suicide-related risk factors. Linear mixed modeling was used to estimate the effect of the condition.
Furthermore, the treatment proficiency of newly trained counselors was assessed using MI-Scope.\rResults: A total of 756 visitors and 55 counselors
were included in this study. The visitors showed an improvement in suicidal ideation and psychological risk factors after a chat conversation.
However, there were no significant differences between the MI and TAU conditions (beta = 0.03, 95% CI [-0.23-0.30], p = 0.80). The treatment
integrity indices showed that the counselors mostly used MI-consistent techniques but were unable to strategically employ these techniques to evoke
enough change talk.\rConclusions: MI and TAU led to comparable outcomes in a chat-based suicide prevention helpline. The effectiveness of MI might
improve by intensifying or improving the training of counselors, keeping the process of engaging more concise or offering visitors multiple sessions
of MI.
, 4 : 871841
- Year: 2022
- Problem: Suicide or self-harm behaviours (excluding non-suicidal self-harm)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Motivational interviewing, includes Motivational Enhancing Therapy, Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)
Itzhaky,
Liat, Davaasambuu, Sara, Ellis, Steven P., Cisneros-Trujillo, Sebastian, Hannett, Katrina, Scolaro, Kelly, Stanley, Barbara H., Mann, J., Wainberg, Milton L., Oquendo, Maria A., Sublette, M.
Background: During adolescence, suicide risk increases; effective treatments
are needed to reduce risk.\rMethods: Databases were searched (1995-2020) for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) concerning psychosocial treatments
for suicide prevention in adolescents (10-18 yrs). Data were extracted from the timepoint closest to 6 months. Cohen's ds were estimated for
reducing suicidal ideation (SI), self-harming behaviors (SHB) excluding strictly non-suicidal self-injury, and suicide attempts (SA) and analyzed
using generalized least square regression. Meta-analytic innovations included within-person correlations to reflect trait suicidality; annualization
to control for exposure; estimated lifetime risk based on ages; and modeling inclusion/exclusion criteria. Alternate approaches included relative
risk and comparison of intervention and control treatments to baseline.\rResults: Of 30 RCTs, 6 assessing SHB (4 measuring SA), and 7 assessing SI
demonstrated treatment effectiveness. Overall, interventions decreased SI (n = 25) with low effect size (d = 0.08, p = 0.01), non-significant after
controlling for publication bias (d = 0.05, p = 0.1); interventions were non-significant for SHB (n = 25, d = 0.001, p = 0.97) or SA (n = 18, d =
0.03, p = 0.52). To prevent one SHB, the number needed to treat (NNT) was 45[26,156]; for SA, NNT=42[24,149]. Non-superiority may relate to
effectiveness of control treatments. Thus, experimental and control treatments also were compared to baseline: both reduced SI (p < 0.0001), and
effectiveness improved for SHB (NNT=12) and SA (NNT=11).\rLimitations: Study heterogeneity and inconsistent statistical reporting limited meta-
analysis.\rConclusions: Psychosocial interventions for suicide risk in adolescents showed little effectiveness compared with control treatments;
suicide outcomes improved in both groups compared to baseline. Different approaches may be needed, including precision medicine methodologies and
standardized statistical reporting criteria.
, 300 : 511-531
- Year: 2022
- Problem: Suicide or self-harm behaviours (excluding non-suicidal self-harm)
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Universal prevention, At risk (indicated or selected prevention), Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any)
Hurtado-Santiago, S., Guzman-Parra, J., Mayoral, F., Bersabe, R. M.
BACKGROUND: Iconic therapy (IT) is a new therapy that uses images to teach skills with the aim of improving the
symptoms of borderline personality disorder. Preliminary results are promising, and there is indication that IT may be effective. The purpose of this
preliminary study was to test the effectiveness of IT compared to a psychological supportive intervention (SI).\rMETHODS: The study was carried out
at the University Regional Hospital of Malaga. Young patients (N = 40; 15-30 years) with suicidal or parasuicidal behavior and borderline personality
traits were randomized into IT (N = 20) or SI (N = 20). The main outcome variable was a change in the symptoms of borderline personality disorder
(BSL-23) at the end of treatment. The secondary outcome variables were suicidal ideation and behavior, self-harm, the need for medication, the number
of visits to mental health professionals, maladaptive behavior, satisfaction with therapy and perceived improvement, both at the end of the intensive
treatment and at the 12-month follow-up.\rRESULTS: As expected, the two therapies produced a reduction in BPD symptoms at 10 weeks post-treatment and
at the 12-month follow-up. Contrary to expectation, there were no statistically significant differences in the effectiveness of the two therapies (p
> 0.05). However, at the 12-month follow-up, the effect sizes for the difference between the effectiveness of the two therapy groups on BSL-23 scores
(d = 0.33) and on maladjustment to daily life (d = 0.39) was found to exceed the commonly used convention for a small effect (d = 0.20). Besides,
participants in the IT group showed greater satisfaction with therapy than those who received SI. The mean difference between groups was
statistically significant after the 10-week treatment period (p < .01), with a large effect size (d = 1.11). Nevertheless, this difference was not
maintained at the 12-month follow-up (p > .05), although the effect size for this analysis (d = 0.34) was found to exceed a small effect.
\rCONCLUSIONS: This preliminary study did not find a statistically significant difference in the effectiveness of the two therapies, probably due to
the small sample of participants, but there are some indicators (effect sizes) suggesting that perhaps IT may be superior for reducing BPD symptoms
and maladjustment in daily life. Future studies with larger samples and comparisons with established treatments for borderline personality disorder
are necessary to confirm that IT effects are significant and persistent in the long term.\rTRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier:
NCT03011190 . First posted 05/01/2017. Last update posted 15/05/2018.
BMC
Psychiatry, 22(1) : 224
- Year: 2022
- Problem: Suicide or self-harm behaviours (excluding non-suicidal self-harm)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Supportive
therapy, Other Psychological Interventions
He, X.
Introduction: The mental health of college students is getting more
and more attention from society. Physical exercise as a means of psychotherapy and mental health has become common at home and abroad. Objective(s):
We explore the effect of prescribing physical exercise in the treatment of depression in college students. Method(s): College students who had been
diagnosed with depression were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, each with 18 patients. The control group received drug
treatment. The observation group received sports therapy in addition to drug therapy. Result(s): There was a statistically significant difference in
HAMD scores between the observation and control groups in the first week (P<0.01). Conclusion(s): Exercise can play a role in treating depression
patients rapidly, safely, and efficiently. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies-investigation of treatment results. Copyright © 2022, Redprint
Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.
, 28(1) : 68-71
- Year: 2022
- Problem: Depressive Disorders, Suicide or self-harm behaviours (excluding non-suicidal self-harm)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder), At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Physical activity, exercise
Harris, L. M., Huang, X., Funsch, K. M., Fox, K. R., Ribeiro, J. D.
Despite
increased numbers of children and adolescents seeking and receiving mental health treatment, rates of self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITBs)
in youth are rising. In the hopes of aiding ongoing efforts to alleviate the burden of SITBs in this vulnerable population, the present study
summarizes current knowledge on the efficacy of SITB interventions in children and adolescents. We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled
trials (RCTs) assessing treatment effects on SITBs in child and adolescent populations. A total of 112 articles comprising 558 effect sizes were
included in analyses. Nearly all interventions produced nonsignificant reductions in SITBs. For binary SITB outcomes, a nonsignificant treatment
effect was detected, with an RR of 1.06 (95% CIs [0.99, 1.14]). For continuous SITB outcomes, analyses also yielded a nonsignificant treatment effect
(g = - 0.04 [- 0.12, 0.05]). These patterns were largely consistent across SITB outcomes, regardless of intervention type, treatment components,
sample and study characteristics, and publication year. Our findings highlight opportunities for improving SITB intervention development and
implementation in child and adolescent populations. The most efficacious interventions are likely to directly target the causes of SITBs; therefore,
future research is needed to identify the causal processes underlying the onset and maintenance of SITBs in youth.
Scientific reports, 12(1) : 12313
- Year: 2022
- Problem: Non-suicidal self-harm behaviours, Suicide or self-harm behaviours (excluding non-suicidal self-harm)
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Universal prevention, At risk (indicated or selected prevention), Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Biological Interventions
(any), Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any)
Grande, A. J., Elia, C., Peixoto, C., Jardim, P. T.
C., Dazzan, P., Veras, A. B., Cruickshank, J.
K., da-Rosa, M. I., Harding, S.
BACKGROUND: The
legacies of colonization and of policies of forced assimilation continue to be a cause of intergenerational trauma, manifested through feelings of
marginality, depression, anxiety and confu-sion, which place indigenous peoples at increased risk of suicide. OBJECTIVE(S): To assess the quality,
content, delivery and effectiveness of interventions for preventing suicides among indigenous adolescents. DESIGN AND SETTING: Systematic review
conducted with Cochrane methodology, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. METHOD(S): The Cochrane library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, LILACS and
PsycINFO databases were searched for studies published up to February 2021. The following inclusion criteria were used: published in any language;
interventions that aimed to prevent suicides among indigenous adolescents; randomized or non-randomized study with a control or comparative group;
and validated measurements of mental health problems. RESULT(S): Two studies were identified: one on adolescents in the remote Yup'ik community in
south-west-ern Alaska, and the other on Zuni adolescents in New Mexico. Both studies showed evidence of effectiveness in interventions for reducing
some of the risk factors and increasing some of the protective factors associated with suicide. High levels of community engagement and culture-
centeredness were key an-chors of both studies, which ensured that the intervention content, delivery and outcome measurements aligned with the
beliefs and practices of the communities. Both studies were judged to have a moderate risk of bias, with biases in sample selection, attrition and
inadequate reporting of results. CONCLUSION(S): The current evidence base is small but signaled the value of culturally appropriate interventions for
prevention of suicide among indigenous adolescents. REGISTRATION DETAILS: The study protocol is registered in the international prospective register
of systematic reviews (PROSPERO); no. CRD42019141754. Copyright © 2022, Associacao Paulista de Medicina. All rights reserved.
Sao Paulo Medical Journal, 140(3) : 486-
498
- Year: 2022
- Problem: Suicide or self-harm behaviours (excluding non-suicidal self-harm)
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention), Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any)
Goldstein, T., Merranko, J., Rode, N., Sylvester, R., Sakolsky, D., Diler, R., Hafeman, D., Birmaher, B.
Introduction: Nearly 50% of youth with bipolar
spectrum disorder (BD) attempt suicide. Although adjunctive psychotherapy is a critical component of optimal treatment for BD, little is known about
effective psychotherapy approaches for this population, and no intervention examined to date expressly targets suicide risk in adolescents with BD.
We examined the efficacy of DBT for adolescents with BD in decreasing risk for suicidal behavior. Method(s): 100 adolescents diagnosed with BD (I =
14, II = 28, research operationalized NOS criteria = 58) via semi-structured interview were randomized to receive 1 year of DBT (n = 47) or Standard
of Care psychotherapy (SOC, n = 53), both adjunct to pharmacotherapy, at a specialty clinic. Adolescents were evaluated by trained assessors blind to
treatment group at baseline and again quarterly throughout 1-year follow-up. We examined suicide attempt over follow-up as assessed via the
Adolescent Longitudinal Follow-Up Evaluation (ALIFE). Result(s): There were no differences between treatment groups in demographic or clinical
variables at baseline. In intent to treat analyses, there were no significant differences in rates of suicide attempt over follow-up between youth
who received DBT (46.8%) and youth who received SOC (47.2%). However, a mixed Poisson regression model demonstrated a significant 3-way interaction
between treatment group, time and history of suicide attempt (both baseline p = 0.02 and lifetime, p = 0.03), indicating that for youth with a
history of suicidal behavior, DBT was significantly more effective at preventing suicidal behavior over follow-up. Conclusion(s): For adolescents
with BD who have a history of suicidal behavior, DBT demonstrates efficacy in reducing risk for suicide attempt over 1-year.
Bipolar Disorders, 24(Supplement
1) : 30
- Year: 2022
- Problem: Bipolar Disorders, Suicide or self-harm behaviours (excluding non-suicidal self-harm)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Dialectical behavioural therapy
(DBT)
Glass, N. E., Clough, A., Messing, J. T., Bloom, T., Brown, M. L., Eden, K. B., Campbell, J. C., Gielen, A., Laughon, K., Grace, K. T., Turner, R. M., Alvarez, C., Case, J., Barnes-Hoyt, J., Alhusen, J., Hanson, G. C., Perrin, N. A.
The objective of this study was to examine differences in
change over time in health and safety outcomes among female college students randomized to myPlan, a tailored safety planning app, or usual web-based
safety planning resources. Three hundred forty-six women (175 intervention, 171 control) from 41 colleges/universities in Oregon and Maryland
completed surveys at baseline, 6- and 12-months from July 2015 to October 2017. Generalized estimating equations were used to test group differences
across time. Both groups improved on four measure of intimate partner violence (IPV; Composite Abuse Scale [CAS], TBI-related IPV, digital abuse,
reproductive coercion [RC]) and depression. Reduction in RC and improvement in suicide risk were significantly greater in the myPlan group relative
to controls (p = .019 and p = .46, respectively). Increases in the percent of safety behaviors tried that were helpful significantly reduced CAS
scores, indicating a reduction in IPV over time in the myPlan group compared to controls (p = .006). Findings support the feasibility and importance
of technology-based IPV safety planning for college women. myPlan achieved a number of its objectives related to safety planning and decision-making,
the use of helpful safety behaviors, mental health, and reductions in some forms of IPV.
Journal of interpersonal violence, 37(13-
14) : NP11436-NP11459
- Year: 2022
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders, Suicide or self-harm behaviours (excluding non-suicidal self-harm), Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions, Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)
Gijzen, M. W. M., Rasing, S. P. A., Creemers, D. H. M., Engels, R. C. M. E., Smit, F.
Background: Suicidal thoughts and
behaviors (STBs) among adolescents have hardly decreased despite preventative efforts. School-based prevention programs could have a great reach, yet
suicide prevention is not an easy topic to address. To increase acceptability of school-based suicide prevention, it is important to evaluate whether
programs that target known risk factors of STBs, such as depression, could be equally effective. Method(s): We conducted a systematic literature
search in major electronic databases. Outcomes were suicidal ideation and behaviors. Multivariate random effects meta-regression-analyses were
conducted. Result(s): Eleven primary studies met the inclusion criteria, totalling 23,230 participants. The post-test effect size was small for both
suicidal ideation (g = 0.15) and suicidal behaviors (g = 0.30). Meta-regression indicated that targeting known risk factors of STBs was not a
significant modifier of effect size for ideation, indicating equal effectiveness. However, it was significant modifier of effect for behaviors, but
only one intervention targeted know risk factors. Effects at follow-up (3-12 months) were also significant but small for both outcomes. Limitation
(s): Substantial heterogeneity between studies was noted. Only few and small sample size studies could be included that targeted known risk factors
of STBs. Therefore, these results should be interpreted with caution. Conclusion(s): School-based prevention of STBs shows some promise within three
months post-test assessments, and potentially also have effects that are sustained over time. More studies are needed to make conclusions regarding
school-based interventions that target risk factors of STBs. Copyright © 2021
, Part A.
298 : 408-420
- Year: 2022
- Problem: Suicide or self-harm behaviours (excluding non-suicidal self-harm)
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any)
Frey, L. M., Hunt, Q. A., Russon, J. M., Diamond, G.
Suicide ideation and behavior are pervasive public health issues. Given that positive interpersonal
relationships can be a protective factor against suicide risk, we conducted a systematic review to examine peer-reviewed publications from 2010 to
2019 that included empirical data, tested an intervention with at least some family component, and included a suicide-related outcome measure. We
reviewed and synthesized findings from 22 articles covering 7 intervention categories with 12 interventions to examine the treatment components and
the quality of evidence to support them. Using Southam-Gerow and Prinstein's (Child Adolesc Psychol 43:16, 2014) guidelines, we identified two
well-established intervention categories that met the highest standards for interventions and three probably efficacious intervention categories. All
interventions found focused solely on suicide risk in adolescent populations. More studies are needed for adult populations and to explore the role
of family moderators and mediators to test whether suicide outcomes are reduced by improvement in the family environment. Copyright © 2021 American
Association for Marriage and Family Therapy.
Journal of
marital and family therapy, 48(1) : 154-177
- Year: 2022
- Problem: Suicide or self-harm behaviours (excluding non-suicidal self-harm)
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT), Family therapy, Psychoeducation, Other Psychological Interventions
Duarte-Velez,
Y., Jimenez-Colon, G., Jones, R. N., Spirito, A.
Evidence-based treatment for Latinx/Hispanic (L/H) with suicidal behaviors (SB) is scarce. This study evaluated the acceptability and
preliminary efficacy of a socio-cognitive-behavioral therapy protocol for SB (SCBT-SB) with L/H adolescents and the feasibility of conducting a
randomized controlled trial (RCT) of SCBT-SB compared to treatment-as-usual (TAU). A pilot RCT was conducted with 46 L/H teens. The target outcomes
included suicidal ideation (SI), suicide attempts (SAs), and depressive/internalizing symptoms. Results indicated that the SCBT-SB was acceptable and
an RCT with diverse L/H families is feasible to implement. Within group analyses showed reductions over time for each group in SI and
depressive/internalizing symptoms. Intent-to-treat between-group analyses showed a medium effect for the SCBT-SB at the twelve-month follow-up for
depressive/internalizing symptoms and a large effect for SA. Although results must be interpreted cautiously given the small sample size, outcomes
suggest that SCBT-SB may be a promising psychosocial treatment for depressive/internalizing symptoms, and SAs in L/H youth.
Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 01 : 01
- Year: 2022
- Problem: Suicide or self-harm behaviours (excluding non-suicidal self-harm)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT)
Baggio, S., Nsingi, N., Kanani, A., Bourqui, L., Graglia, M., Thelin, R.
AIMS OF THE STUDY:
Suicide is one of the leading causes of death in young people. Therefore, suicide prevention in this age group is a public health priority. There is
increasing evidence of the efficacy of suicide prevention programmes, but robust empirical studies are still needed. More precisely, data are needed
for school-aged children, brief interventions and distal outcomes such as psychological distress or suicidal thoughts. In addition, to our knowledge,
no study has yet scientifically evaluated a brief universal suicide prevention programme in Switzerland. This study investigated the efficacy and
acceptability of a brief universal suicide prevention programme for schoolaged youths. Primary outcomes included knowledge on suicide, perceived
suicide awareness and knowledge of help-seeking resources. Secondary outcomes included acceptability coping skills, suicide-related behaviours and
psychological distress. METHOD(S): This non-randomised cluster-controlled trial was conducted in Swiss schools. A 90-minute workshop for universal
suicide prevention was delivered to the intervention group (n = 209), and the control group had no intervention (n = 96). Measures were assessed at
baseline and after one month. Acceptability was assessed at follow-up in the intervention group only. Data were analysed using three-level mixed
effect models with an interaction term between group and time. RESULT(S): There were interaction effects between group and time for most outcomes:
perceived suicide awareness (p <0.010), knowledge of help-seeking resources (p <0.001), coping planning (p = 0.039), suicidal ideation (p = 0.019)
and psychological distress (p = 0.012). There were no interaction effects on suicide-related knowledge (p = 0.312) and coping for social support (p
>0.388). Participants found the workshop enjoyable, not upsetting, and worthwhile. CONCLUSION(S): This study suggested that a brief suicide
prevention programme could be beneficial and safe for school-aged youths. This brief programme may contribute to suicide prevention efforts.
Copyright © 2022 EMH Swiss Medical Publishers Ltd.. All rights reserved.
Swiss Medical Weekly, 152 : 2930
- Year: 2022
- Problem: Suicide or self-harm behaviours (excluding non-suicidal self-harm)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Psychoeducation, Other Psychological Interventions