Disorders - Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Yan, J., Cui, L., Wang, M., Cui, Y., Li, Y.
BACKGROUND: Exposure and response prevention (ERP) is a form of cognitive behavioral therapy that can effectively relieve obsessive-
compulsive symptoms and tic symptoms in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and Tourette syndrome (TS). However, the effect size of
ERP-based therapy is still unclear.\rMETHODS: In this study, we performed a meta-analysis to identify the efficacy of ERP-based therapy for
individuals with OCD and TS. The standard mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated to assess the effect size of the
efficacy for ERP-based therapy. We used subgroup and meta-regression analyses to explore the heterogeneity of the pooled SMD of ERP-based therapy for
OCD. We also summarized the neuroimaging studies for ERP-based therapy for OCD. This meta-analysis was registered within the International Platform
of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols (number: INPLASY2021120112).\rRESULTS: A total of 18 studies including a total of 1057
patients with OCD and 3 studies including 267 with TS/chronic tic disorder were identified. We did not observe any indication of publication bias
using Egger's funnel plot (p = 0.41). We observed a small-to-medium effect size of ERP for both OCD (SMD = -0.27, 95% CI: -0.53 to -0.01) and
TS/chronic tic disorder (SMD = -0.35, 95% CI: -0.59 to -0.1). We found no heterogeneity of ERP-based therapy for OCD between the ERP-based therapy
subgroup and medicine subgroup in the subgroup analysis (p = 0.72). We found no heterogeneity of ERP-based therapy for OCD between the child subgroup
and adult subgroup in the subgroup analysis (p = 0.37). We used meta-regression analysis to identify the heterogeneity of ERP-based therapy for OCD
and found that the sessions of therapy and publication year did not account for any significant heterogeneity (p > 0.05). The neurological mechanism
of EPR-based therapy is unclear, but it may lie in changes in the prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex.\rCONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, we
found that ERP-based therapy is effective for patients with OCD and TS/chronic tic disorder. We suggest a combination with other therapies and the
development of online ERP services that might prove a promising new direction for healthcare providers.
Journal of Integrative
Neuroscience, 21(3) : 97
- Year: 2022
- Problem: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Exposure therapy, Exposure
and response prevention
Wong, S. F., Scharfenberg, A., Krause, S., Grisham, J. R.
Cognitive-behavioural models of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) propose that a tendency to negatively interpret ambiguous thoughts
and situations plays a key role in maintaining the disorder. Moreover, some researchers have proposed that negative interpretive biases may share a
common processing mechanism with attentional biases, with changes in one predicted to lead to changes in the other. The current study examined
whether training positive (i.e., adaptive) interpretive bias of contamination-related OCD concerns using a cognitive bias modification paradigm
(CBM-I) would lead to reductions in contamination concerns, as well as changes in contamination-related attentional bias. Undergraduate students with
high levels of contamination-related OCD symptoms were randomly assigned to receive either positive (n = 31) or neutral (n = 33) CBM-I training.
Participants in the positive training condition, relative to the neutral training condition, showed a significantly greater increase in positive
interpretive bias, significantly less within-session behavioural avoidance of contaminants, and significantly reduced contamination-related
cognitions (at one-week follow-up). Contrary to expectations, CBM-I training did not differentially impact attentional bias nor self-reported
contamination-related OCD symptoms. We discuss future directions in applying CBM-I to contamination-related OCD. Copyright © 2022, The Author(s).
Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral
Assessment., :
- Year: 2022
- Problem: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Attention/cognitive bias
modification
Tao, Y., Li, H., Li, L., Xu, H., Zhang, H., Zou, S., Deng, F., Huang, L., Wang, Y., Wang, X., Tang, X., Fu, X., Yin, L.
Background: Studies have shown that pharmacological and psychological treatments are effective for children and adolescents with
obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, few network meta-analyses have examined whether pharmacological or psychological treatments on their
own, or combined, are most effective. Method(s): We conducted a database search and selected randomized controlled trials of pharmacological or
psychological treatments, alone or in combination, for children and adolescents with OCD. The primary outcome was change in symptom severity as a
result of treatment, as assessed using the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (YBOCS) or Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (CY-
BOCS). Result(s): We included 18 studies with 1353 participants and 12 kinds of treatments. In terms of efficacy, all pharmacological and
psychotherapy treatments were more effective than placebo. Among the 12 treatments, the efficacy of pharmacological treatment combined with cognitive
behavioral therapy (CBT) was more effective than pharmacological treatment alone. When pharmacological treatment was used alone, escitalopram was
significantly more effective than clomipramine (CY-BOCS average change 3.42; 95% CI 2.11, 4.65), fluvoxamine (CY-BOCS average change 3.59; 95% CI
1.09, 6.20), paroxetine (CY-BOCS average change 2.80; 95% CI 0.01, 5.64) and sertraline (CY-BOCS average change 3.49; 95% CI 1.53, 5.64). Conclusion
(s): The available evidence suggests that the combination of pharmacological and psychological treatment is likely to be most effective for children
and adolescents with OCD. Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd
Journal of
Psychiatric Research, 148 : 95-102
- Year: 2022
- Problem: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Biological Interventions
(any), Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), Tricyclic antidepressants, Antidepressants
(any), Atypical Antipsychotics (second
generation), Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT)
Redden, S. A., Patel, T. A., Cougle, J. R.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Perfectionism has important implications for self-worth,
personal standards, and psychopathology. The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of a novel two-week, computerized, exposure-based treatment
for perfectionism (ETP).\rMETHODS: Seventy-one university students with elevated perfectionism were randomized to either the ETP group (n = 36) or
the waitlist (WL) control group (n = 35). The ETP group was asked to complete the intervention at home, every three days for two weeks for a total of
five treatment sessions. The tasks in the ETP condition were engineered to have participants repeatedly make mistakes. All participants returned two
weeks after the baseline visit for a post-treatment assessment.\rRESULTS: Compared to WL, ETP led to lower overall perfectionism, concern over
mistakes, personal standards, depressive symptoms, social anxiety symptoms, and error sensitivity at post-treatment. No effects of treatment were
found on trait anxiety, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, or eating disorder symptoms.\rLIMITATIONS: Participants were university students of similar
age and education level, which restricts generalizability. Additionally, the study relied on a waitlist control condition.\rCONCLUSIONS: This study
provided preliminary evidence for a novel online intervention for perfectionism.
Journal of Behavior Therapy & Experimental
Psychiatry, 77 : 101771
- Year: 2022
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Social phobia (social anxiety disorder), Depressive Disorders, Eating Disorders
(any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Exposure therapy, Exposure
and response prevention, Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)
Noras, M. R., Soltanifar, A., Salari, R., Jarahi, L., Abrishami, M.
H.
Background: Obsessive-compulsive
disorder (OCD) is a severe and debilitating neuropsy-chiatric condition. Although selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants,
and cog-nitive-behavioral therapy are the first-line medication and treatment for OCD, an estimated 30% of patients are treatment-resistant, and
complete functional recovery is rare. Natural products as adjuvant or alternative therapies should be examined to find safer and more effective ways
to manage OCD. Objective(s): To investigate the potential benefits of a combined herbal drug based on Echium amoenum in treating OCD. Method(s):
Design and Setting: In the psychiatric clinics of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, 40 patients who met the criteria for the obsessive-
compulsive disorder based on DSM-5 were studied in a parallel, double-blind, randomized clinical trial. Intervention(s): Subjects were randomly
assigned to receive Echium amoenum-Melissa officinalis syrup and fluvoxamine or placebo syrup and fluvoxamine for 8 weeks. Outcome Measures: The
efficacy of treatment and recurrence of disease were surveyed and compared according to the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale at weeks 0, 4, and
8. Result(s): Evaluation at the 4th and 8th week showed no significant differences between the two groups (p-value = 0.11, p-
value = 0.445, respectively). At the 8th week of treatment, patients in the intervention group showed a remarkable reduction in scores on
the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale questionnaire (p-value= 0.003), and patients in the control group didn't ((p-value= 0.180). This study
showed that the E.amoneum-M.officinalis syrup was not significantly more efficacious than the flu-voxamine tablet, but the intervention group showed
a significant improving trend (p-value= 0.001). Conclusion(s): While monotherapy is usually the gold standard methodology, combination or augmenta-
tion therapy may also be of merit. Consequently, studies with larger sample sizes and the inclusion of para-clinical assessments such as serologic
tests can further shed light on the mechanism of action of the E. amoneum-M. officinalis syrup and deepen our understanding of its effects. Clinical
Trial Registration Number: We registered this trial in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (registration ID: IRCT20191127045521N1). Copyright ©
2022 Bentham Science Publishers.
Current Drug Discovery Technologies, 19(5) : 42-
48
- Year: 2022
- Problem: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Biological Interventions
(any), Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), Antidepressants
(any), Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Homeopathic, plant-based medicines
Joshi, M., Kar, S. K., Dalal, P. K.
Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic psychiatric disorder
that results in significant disability and substantial compromise in the quality of life. Until now, the role of repetitive transcranial magnetic
stimulation (rTMS) has been primarily explored in individuals with treatment-resistant OCD. In this study, we investigated the safety and efficacy of
rTMS as an early augmentation strategy in drug-free patients with OCD. Method(s): This is a randomised double-blind, placebo-controlled study that
involved the administration of a total of twenty sessions of rTMS (Active/Sham) to drug-naive OCD patients by using standard protocol (1-Hz; 20
trains (80 pulses/train); 1600 pulses per session at 100% Resting Motor Threshold) at supplementary motor area (SMA). All patients (active and sham)
were started on escitalopram 10 mg/day, which was subsequently increased to 20 mg/day after 10 days. Result(s): Out of the 24 patients, 13 received
active and 11 received sham rTMS. At the end of rTMS therapy, there was a substantial reduction (p=0.001) in total Y-BOCS, obsessions (p=0.030), and
compulsions (p=0.001) between the groups. Only few patients (N=8) reported mild side effect with rTMS, local pain and headache being the commonest.
The study revealed large effect size (Cohen's d=1.6) of rTMS as an early augmentation strategy in drug free patients of OCD. Conclusion(s): rTMS is
a safe and effective early augmentation strategy in the management of OCD. Larger randomized controlled trials are required to establish the
therapeutic role of rTMS as early augmentation in OCD. Copyright © 2022 Cambridge University Press. All rights reserved.
CNS
Spectrums., :
- Year: 2022
- Problem: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Biological Interventions
(any), Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), Antidepressants
(any), Transcranial magnetic stimulation
(TMS)
Huang, Y., Yang, H., Zhu, C., Jiang, X., Zhu, W., Liang, Y., Ma, L., Wang, Y., Tang, W.
Objective: To explore whether a systematic combined therapeutic modality (CTM) could quickly and
effectively improve the severity of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and the insight of OCD patients. Method(s): Included in this study were 100
patients with OCD according to the 5th Edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), for a 2-week short-term
treatment. They were assigned to a drug-alone group (n = 57), and a CTM group (n = 43) using drug treatment in combination with cognitive behavioral
treatment (CBT) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). The therapeutic outcome was assessed by the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive
Scale (Y-BOCS), Brown Assessment of Beliefs Scale (BABS), 24-item Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-24) and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) before and
after treatment. All data were treated with SPSS25.0 Software. Result(s): After the 2-week treatment, the success rate in the CTM group was
significantly higher than that in the drug-alone group. Y-BOCS overall and factor scores were decreased as compared with those before treatment in
both groups. HAMD, HAMA and BABS overall scores were all decreased after treatment in the CTM group. In addition, compared with the drug-alone group,
the Y-BOCS overall score and factor score, HAMD overall score and HAMA overall score were all decreased significantly in CTM group, while the Y-BOCS
score reduction rate was increased significantly. Insight was improved in eight cases (57.14%) in the CTM group containing 14 cases with poor
insight. Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that CTM was beneficial for the insight improvement of OCD patients (OR = 91.04-139.68);
this improvement was more pronounced in patients with low baseline BABS overall scores (OR = 0.07). Conclusion(s): CTM may be an effective short-term
strategy to improve the severity of OCD and insight of OCD patients and, therefore, is worthy of clinical promotion and application. Copyright © 2022
by the authors.
Brain Sciences, 12(10) (no
pagination) :
- Year: 2022
- Problem: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Biological Interventions
(any), Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), Antidepressants
(any), Atypical Antipsychotics (second
generation), Transcranial magnetic stimulation
(TMS), Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT)
Hollmann, K., Hohnecker, C. S., Haigis, A., Alt, A. K., Kuhnhausen, J., Pascher, A., Worz, U., App, R., Lautenbacher, H., Renner, T. J., Conzelmann, A.
Objectives: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in childhood and adolescence often leads to significant impairment
in various areas of life and has a high risk of becoming chronic. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is the recommended first-line treatment, but it
is too rarely implemented in accordance with guidelines and is often not available close to the patient's home. Importantly, internet-based CBT
could help to reduce this gap in care. Having previously successfully demonstrated the feasibility of an internet-based CBT approach, we aimed to
assess its effectiveness in a waiting list controlled randomized trial. Method(s): Children and adolescents aged 6-18 years with a principal
diagnosis of OCD received 14 sessions of therapist-delivered CBT via videoconference distributed over 16 weeks. After inclusion, participants were
randomly assigned to either the treatment or waiting list group. Participants in the treatment group began treatment immediately after baseline
diagnostics, and participants in the waiting list group began treatment after a 16-week waiting period. The primary outcome was a pre-post comparison
of OCD symptoms as measured with the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS). Additionally, remission was an important outcome
measure. Follow-up assessments were conducted for all measures 16 and 32 weeks after completion of treatment. Result(s): A total of 60 children and
adolescents were included into the analyses. Over the course of the treatment, OCD symptoms according to the CY-BOCS significantly decreased in the
treatment group compared to the waiting-list control group. Cohen's d between groups was 1.63. After the patients in the waiting list group also
received the treatment, the OCD symptoms decreased significantly in this group as well. This improvement of symptoms increased over the course of the
follow-up assessments. Remission rate peaked at the 32-week follow-up, with 68% in the treatment group and 79% in the waiting list group.
Importantly, patient satisfaction with treatment was high to very high. Conclusion(s): In our study, OCD symptoms decreased significantly and
remission rate was high after internet-based CBT. Those effects were comparable to those found in studies of face-to-face treatment. Although further
evidence is needed, these are early indications that our approach may be a viable way to provide access to adequate treatment for children and
adolescents affected by OCD. Clinical trial registration: [www.ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier [NCT05037344]. Copyright © 2022 Hollmann, Hohnecker,
Haigis, Alt, Kuhnhausen, Pascher, Worz, App, Lautenbacher, Renner and Conzelmann.
Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13 (no pagination) :
- Year: 2022
- Problem: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT), Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)
Farrell, L. J., Waters, A. M., Tiralongo, E., Mathieu, S., McKenzie, M., Garbharran, V., Ware, R. S., Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J., McConnell, H., Lavell, C., Cadman, J., Ollendick,
T. H., Hudson,
J. L., Rapee, R. M., McDermott, B., Geller, D., Storch, E. A.
Objective: To examine the efficacy of weight-adjusted D-cycloserine (DCS) (35 or 70 mg) relative to placebo
augmentation of intensive exposure therapy for youth with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in a double-blind, randomised controlled trial, and
examine whether antidepressant medication or patient age moderated outcomes. Method(s): Youth (n = 100, 7-17 years) with OCD were randomised in a 1:1
ratio to either DCS + exposure (n = 49) or placebo + exposure (n = 51). Assessments occurred posttreatment, 1 month later, and at 3 and 6 months.
Pills were ingested immediately before sessions. Result(s): Significant improvements on all outcomes were observed at posttreatment, and to 6-month
follow-up. Treatment arms did not differ across time, with no significant time-by-medication interactions on symptom severity (T1 to T2 estimate:
9.3, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -11.2 to -7.4, and estimate -10.7, 95% CI: -12.6 to -8.7), diagnostic severity (T1 to T2 estimate: -2.0, 95% CI:
-2.4 to -1.5 and estimate -2.5, 95% CI: -3.0 to -2.0) or global functioning (T1 to T2 estimate: 13.8, 95% CI: 10.6 to 17.0, and estimate 16.6, 95%
CI: 13.2 to 19.9). Neither antidepressants at baseline nor age moderated primary outcomes. There were significantly fewer responders/remitters at 1-
and 6-month follow-up among youth in the DCS condition stabilised on SSRIs, relative to youth not taking SSRIs. Conclusion(s): DCS augmented
intensive exposure therapy did not result in overall additional benefits relative to placebo. Intensive exposure proved effective in reducing
symptoms for the overall sample. Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Depression and Anxiety published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Depression and Anxiety, 39(6) : 461-
473
- Year: 2022
- Problem: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Biological Interventions
(any), Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT), Exposure therapy, Exposure
and response prevention, D-cycloserine (DCS)
Bortoncello, C. F., Cardoso, N. O., Salvador, E. Z., de Avila, R. C., Machado,
W. L., Ferrao, Y. A.
Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of group cognitive-behavioral therapy (GCBT) for the treatment of adolescents with obsessive
compulsive disorder (OCD). Method(s): This review was registered in PROSPERO under number CRD42020158475. Five databases (PubMed, Virtual Health
Library, Web of Science, Scopus, and PsycINFO) were searched. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 13 studies were analyzed in the
qualitative synthesis (i.e., systematic review) and eight in the quantitative synthesis (i.e., meta-analysis). For the latter, fixed-effect modeling
was used to assess the primary outcome (i.e., OCD symptoms). Result(s): The main findings suggest that GCBT is effective in reducing the symptoms of
OCD in adolescents (d =-1.32). However, these results must be interpreted with caution, since all of the included studies showed some bias in their
design. Conclusion(s): GCBT is effective in reducing OCD symptoms in adolescents. Copyright © 2022, Associacao Brasileira de Psiquiatria. All rights
reserved.
Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry, 44(4) : 449-
460
- Year: 2022
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT)
Akin-Sari, B., Inozu, M., Haciomeroglu, A. B., Cekci, B. C., Uzumcu,
E., Doron, G.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a persistent psychiatric disorder
causing significant impairment in functioning. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated OCD-related symptoms and interrupted access to treatment. Recent
research suggests mHealth apps are promising tools for coping with OCD symptoms. This randomized controlled trial evaluated the effects of a CBT-
based mobile application designed to reduce OCD symptoms and cognitions in community participants considered at high risk of developing OCD symptoms.
Following initial screening (n = 924), fifty-five community participants scoring 2 standard deviations above the OCI-R mean were randomized into two
groups. In the immediate-app use group (iApp; n = 25), participants started using the application at baseline (T0), 4 min a day, for 12 days (T0-T1).
Participants in the delayed-app group (dApp; n = 20) started using the mobile application at T1 (crossover) and used the app for the following 12
consecutive days (T1-T2). Intention to treat analyses indicated that using the app for 12 consecutive days was associated with large effect-size
reductions (Cohen's d ranging from .87 to 2.73) in OCD symptoms and maladaptive cognitions in the iApp group (from T0 to T1) and dApp group (from T1
to T2). These reductions were maintained at follow-up. Our findings underscore the usefulness of brief, low-intensity, portable interventions in
reducing OCD symptoms and cognitions during the pandemic. Copyright © 2022
Behavior
Therapy., :
- Year: 2022
- Problem: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions, Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)
Zou, J., Wu,
S., Yuan, X., Hu, Z., Tang, J., Hu, M.
Objective: This study aims to explore the difference of clinical efficacy and psychological
flexibility of sertraline hydrochloride combined with acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) or repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in
patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Material(s) and Method(s): Sixty-three inpatients diagnosed with OCD were randomly divided into
ACT group (N = 32) and rTMS group (N = 31), both of which were combined with sertraline hydrochloride. The following assessments were completed by
the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90),
Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-II), and Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ) during pretreatment, 4 weeks posttreatment, and 8-week
follow-up. Result(s): After treatment: (1) the SCL-90 score of two groups significantly decreased from pretreatment to 8-week follow-up (P < 0.01 and
P < 0.001); (2) The HAMA, HAMD, and Y-BOCS scores of the two groups significantly decreased from pretreatment to 8-week follow-up (P < 0.001 and P <
0.05); (3) No statistically significant difference of the SCL-90, HAMA, HAMD and Y-BOCS between two groups; (4) The AAQ-II and CFQ scores of the ACT
group significantly decreased from 4 weeks posttreatment to 8-week follow-up (P < 0.01). However, no statistically significant difference was
observed in the rTMS group (P > 0.05). Conclusion(s): Overall, our study suggested that sertraline hydrochloride combined with ACT or rTMS can
improve the obsessive-compulsive symptoms, anxiety, and depression and has equivalent efficacy. Moreover, ACT can more effectively and durably
improve the psychological flexibility of patients compared with rTMS. Copyright © 2022 Zou, Wu, Yuan, Hu, Tang and Hu.
Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12 (no pagination) :
- Year: 2021
- Problem: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Biological Interventions
(any), Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), Antidepressants
(any), Transcranial magnetic stimulation
(TMS), Psychological Interventions
(any), Acceptance & commitment therapy
(ACT)