Disorders - Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Aboujaoude, E.
Background The use of telemedicine in obsessive-
compulsive disorder (OCD) represents some of the earliest technology-enabled interventions in mental health. A review of telemedicine efficacy data
in OCD provides a window into the telemental revolution and informs us on the best-supported technology tools in OCD treatment. Methods A PubMed
database search of efficacy studies was conducted across telemental health platforms-computerized, internet, mobile, and virtual reality based.
Results Eleven randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified covering computerized cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), online CBT and virtual
reality exposure therapy. Studies included children, adolescents and adults, and represented various levels of clinician involvement (therapist-free,
limited or full), as well as non-therapist support (\"coach\", technician or parent). Discussion The best-supported modality represents CBT
interventions in mild to moderate OCD, delivered over computerized, online or virtual reality platforms. No controlled data were retrieved on non-CBT
psychotherapies, psychopharmacology, or mobile interventions. Overall, the hypothesis that adequate care can be delivered with minimal clinician
involvement has motivated much research; while this could increase access and diminish cost, it might turn away some providers and patients.
Conclusion Several platforms as well as psychotherapeutic and psychopharmacological treatments remain untested. Meanwhile, a case can be made for
using technology-mediated CBT in mild to moderate OCD, then escalated to interventions with more clinician involvement and a broader evidence base.
Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd
Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 14 : 65-
70
- Year: 2017
- Problem: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)
Stech, E.
P., Grisham, J. R.
Cognitive models of obsessive-compulsive disorder propose that
beliefs about the importance of and need to control thoughts (ICT) are central to the maintenance of the disorder. Cognitive Bias Modification for
Interpretation (CBM-I) can be used to experimentally test this theory and may also have clinical utility as an adjunct therapeutic tool. The current
study extended previous research to investigate whether two CBM-I sessions (one within and one outside the laboratory) would augment effects on
obsessive-compulsive beliefs and behavior. We randomly allocated undergraduate participants high in ICT beliefs to a Positive (n = 30) or Control (n
= 36) CBM-I condition and conducted multi-modal assessments immediately following the first training and at one-week follow-up. As predicted,
participants in the Positive condition reported a reduction in obsessive-compulsive beliefs from baseline to follow-up (partial eta2 =
.42), whereas those in the Control condition did not. Participants responded more adaptively to the ICT relevant stressor task at follow-up compared
to post-intervention, but there was no significant difference between conditions. Likewise, participants reported a reduction in obsessive symptoms
over time that did not differ between conditions. The findings are considered in light of cognitive models of OCD, and clinical implications are
discussed. Copyright © 2017 Springer Science+Business Media New York
Journal of
Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, : 1-12
- Year: 2017
- Problem: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Attention/cognitive bias
modification
Siwiec, S. G., Davine, T. P., Kresser, R. C., Rohde, M. M., Lee, H. J.
Thought-action fusion (TAF) is an important cognitive bias in various emotional disorders, especially, obsessive-
compulsive disorder (OCD). TAF leads individuals to interpret the presence of unwanted mental intrusions as morally equivalent to acting on them,
and/or increasing the likelihood of the feared consequence. We sought to test the feasibility of a brief computerized cognitive bias modification for
interpretations (CBM-I) as a potential intervention to reduce TAF among undergraduates who reported obsessional intrusions. We also examined if the
TAF-focused CBM-I can decrease participants' emotional reactions towards a variety of obsessional thoughts, including personally-relevant
intrusions. Participants were randomized to (a) the TAF-incongruent condition (TAF-INC), designed to decrease TAF linked to obsessional thoughts, or
(b) the TAF-congruent condition (TAF-CON), designed to render TAF-like interpretation of obsessional thoughts unchallenged. Results indicate the
TAF-INC group displayed a significantly greater reduction in the severity of total TAF and TAF moral than the TAF-CON group. Reductions on TAF
likelihood did not differ by group. Emotional reaction to personally-relevant obsessional intrusions was also shown to be lower after training in the
TAF-INC group. Overall, this study presents preliminary data supporting the feasibility of CBM-I to be used as an effective intervention for TAF.
Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd
Journal of Obsessive-
Compulsive and Related Disorders, 12 : 15-22
- Year: 2017
- Problem: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Attention/cognitive bias
modification
Skarphedinsson, G. A., Weidle,
B., Thomsen, P. H., Dahl,
K., Torp, N. C., Nissen, J. B., Melin, K. A., Hybel, K. A., Valderhaug, R., Hojgaard, D. R. M. A., Ivarsson, T.
Objectives: Expert guidelines recommend CBT as a first-line treatment in pediatric OCD and the
addition of SSRI when CBT is not effective. However, the weaknesses of these guidelines are the meager and partly conflicting evidence of the long-
term outcome of these treatments both in terms of the durability of the CBT effect and the benefits vs. the cost of switching or augmenting with
medication. In a previous paper, we reported the results of a randomized controlled trial on CBT and Sertraline (SRT) for CBT non-responders showing
no significant differences between the treatments at the post-treatment assessment. The objective of the current research is to report on the 1, 2,
and, 3-year-follow-up data. Methods: The youth participated in a randomized controlled trial conducted in five sites in Denmark, Sweden and Norway.
Fifty-four participants, 7-17 years, with DSM-IV primary OCD (non-responders after initial 14 weekly sessions of CBT) were randomized to SRT or
continued CBT for 16 weeks. Primary outcomes were the CY-BOCS total score and clinical response (CYBOCS <16). The study was a part of the Nordic
Long-Term OCD Treatment Study. The intent-to-treat sample included 50 participants, mean age 14.0 (SD = 2.7) and 48 percent (n = 24) males. Results:
Statistical analysis with linear mixed effects showed significant reduction on the CYBOCS total score over time across treatments. Planned pairwise
comparison did not reveal a significant difference between the treatments at 12, 24, or 36 month-follow-up. The response rate (CY BOCS<16) and the
remission rate (CY-BOCS<11) was 92 percent and 77 percent respectively across both groups at the 3-year follow-up with no significant differences
between groups. Conclusions: The results suggest that both continued CBT and SSRI for CBT non-responders is effective 3 years after post-treatment
with no significant differences between groups.
Journal of
the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 55 (10 Supplement 1) : S240-S241
- Year: 2016
- Problem: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Biological Interventions
(any), Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), Antidepressants
(any), Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT)
Storch, E. A., Wilhelm, S., Sprich, S., Henin, A., Micco, J., Small,
B. J., McGuire, J., Mutch, J., Lewin, A. B., Murphy, T. K., Geller, D. A.
Importance: Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) among youth with obsessive-compulsive
disorder (OCD) is effective, but many patients remain symptomatic after intervention. D-cycloserine, a partial agonist at the N-methyl-D-aspartate
receptor in the amygdala, has been associated with enhanced CBT outcome for OCD among adults but requires evaluation among youth. Objectives: To
examine the relative efficacy of weight-adjusted D-cycloserine (25 or 50 mg) vs placebo augmentation of CBT for youth with OCD and to assess if
concomitant antidepressant medication moderated effects. Design, Setting, and Participants: In a placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial, 142
youths (age range, 7-17 years) enrolled between June 1, 2011, and January 30, 2015, at 2 academic health science centers (University of South Florida
and Massachusetts General Hospital) with a primary diagnosis of OCD were randomized in a double-blind fashion to D-cycloserine plus CBT or placebo
plus CBT. Intent-to-treat analysis was performed. Interventions: Patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either 10 sessions of D-
cycloserine plus CBT or placebo plus CBT. D-cycloserine (25 or 50 mg) or placebo was taken 1 hour before sessions 4 through 10. Main Outcomes and
Measures: Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale at randomization, biweekly, midtreatment, and posttreatment. Secondary outcomes included
the Clinical Global Impressions-Severity or Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement, remission status, Children's Depression Rating Scale,
Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children, and Children's Obsessive-Compulsive Impact Scale-Parent Version. Results: The study cohort comprised
142 participants. Their mean (SD) age was 12.7 (2.9) years, and 53.5%(76 of 142) were female. A mixed-effects model using all available data
indicated significant declines in the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale total score and Clinical Global Impressions-Severity. No
significant interaction between treatment group and changes in the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale and Clinical Global
Impressions-Severity indicated that the D-cycloserine plus CBT group and the placebo plus CBT group declined at similar rates per assessment point on
the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale total score (estimate, -2.31, 95%CI, -2.79 to -1.83 and estimate, -2.03, 95%CI, -2.47 to -1.58,
respectively) and Clinical Global Impressions-Severity (estimate, -0.29, 95%CI, -0.35 to -0.22 and estimate, -0.23, 95%CI, -0.29 to -0.17,
respectively). No group differences in secondary outcomes were present. Antidepressant medication use at baseline did not moderate changes for either
group. Conclusions and Relevance: D-cycloserine augmentation of CBT did not confer additional benefit relative to placebo among youth with OCD. Other
augmentation approaches should be examined to enhance outcome. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
JAMA Psychiatry, 73(8) : 779-
788
- Year: 2016
- Problem: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Biological Interventions
(any), Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT), D-cycloserine (DCS)
Varigonda, A. L., Jakubovski, E., Bloch, M.
H.
Objective: We conducted a
meta-analysis to examine the following: the time course of response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and clomipramine in pediatric
obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD); whether higher doses of SSRIs are associated with an improved response in pediatric OCD; differences in efficacy
among SSRI agents; differences in efficacy between SSRIs and clomipramine; and whether the time course and magnitude of response to SSRIs are
different in pediatric and adult patients with OCD. Method: We searched PubMed and CENTRAL for randomized controlled trials comparing SSRIs (or
clomipramine) to placebo for the treatment of pediatric OCD and using the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale as an outcome. We
extracted weekly symptom data from trials to characterize the trajectory of pharmacological response to SSRIs. Pooled estimates of treatment effect
were calculated based on weighted mean differences between the treatment and placebo groups. Results: Nine trials involving 801 children with OCD
were included in this meta-analysis. A logarithmic model indicating that the greatest benefits occurred early in treatment best fit the longitudinal
data for both clomipramine and SSRIs. Clomipramine was associated with a greater measured benefit compared to placebo than SSRIs. There was no
evidence for a relationship between SSRI dosing and treatment effect, although data were limited. Adults and children with OCD demonstrated a similar
degree and time course of response to SSRIs in OCD. Conclusion: These results suggest that the greatest incremental treatment gains in pediatric OCD
occur early in SSRI treatment (similar to adults with OCD and children and adults with major depression). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all
rights reserved)
Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent
Psychiatry, 55(10) : 851-859
- Year: 2016
- Problem: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Biological Interventions
(any), Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), Tricyclic antidepressants, Antidepressants
(any)
Ost, L.-G., Riise, E.N., Wergeland, G. J., Hansen, B., Kvale, G.
Obsessive-
compulsive disorder (OCD) is ranked by the World Health Organization (WHO) among the 10 most debilitating disorders. The treatments which have been
found effective are cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) and serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRI). This meta-analysis includes all RCTs of CBT (25) and
SRI (9) for OCD in youth using the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (C-YBOCS). CBT yielded significantly lower attrition (12.7%)
than SRI (23.5%) and placebo (24.7%). The effect sizes for comparisons of CBT with waiting-list (1.53), placebo (0.93), and SRI with placebo (0.51)
were significant, whereas CBT vs. SRI (0.22) and Combo (CBT+SRI) vs. CBT (0.14) were not. Regarding response rate CBT (70%) and Combo (66%) were
significantly higher than SRI (49%), which was higher than placebo (29%) and WLC (13%). As for remission CBT (53%) and Combo (49%) were significantly
higher than SRI (24%), placebo (15%), and WLC (10%), which did not differ from each other. Combo was not more effective than CBT alone irrespective
of initial severity of the samples. The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have a number of methodological problems and recommendations for
improving research methodology are discussed as well as clinical implications of the findings. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights
reserved)
Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 43 : 58-69
- Year: 2016
- Problem: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Biological Interventions
(any), Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), Antidepressants
(any), Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT)
Pirog-Balcerzak, A., Bazynska,
A., Bragoszewska, J., Niwinski, P., Popek, L., Remberk, B., Rybakowski, F.
Introduction: In anorexia nervosa, in addition to many somatic problems, reversible decrease in brain gray matter volume and the changes
in all key neurotransmitter systems occurs [1]. It may cause coexistence of various disorders and mental illnesses. The most common are episodes of
depression (up to 80%), obsessive compulsive disorder, panic attacks (20-60%), social phobia or generalized anxiety disorder. Polyunsaturated fatty
acids omega-3 (PUFAs) are major component of cellular and intercellular membranes of neurons and they play many regulatory processes in central
nervous system. Some studies show the efficacy of PUFAs supplementation in the depression [2] or anxiety [3] treatment. Purpose of the study: To
determine if polyunsaturated fatty acids omega-3 are effective in reducing depression and obsessivecompulssive disorder symptoms in adolescent girls
with anorexia nervosa. Methods: 61 teenage girls (12-19 years old) diagnosed with anorexia nervosa according to International Classification Diseases
Tenth Revision (ICD-10) were recruited in the period from September 2012 till October 2014. Subjects were hospitalized in Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry Department in Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw. Mean age at the index admission was 16.2+/-1.6. Demographic data, history of
illness, laboratory tests, weight, height, Body Mass Index and psychometric tests (Beck Depression Inventory - BDI, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale
- HDRS, Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale - Y-BOCS) were obtained at the baseline visit. During the stay patients underwent therapeutic and
behavioral program and were fed with rich - calories diet. In the randomized, double-blind manner subjects received active substance or placebo for
10 weeks. The active capsules contained 558 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid, 174 mg of docosahexaenoic acid and 60 mg of gamma linolenic acid, and
placebo capsules contained olive oil without omega-3 fatty acids. At the end of the study subjects were reexamined with the same evaluation measures.
Normally and non-normally distributed variables were analyzed respectively with t-test and Mann-Whitney U-test and categorical variables were
analyzed with chi-square test. The groups were unblinded after analyzing statistics data. Results: 53 patients completed the 10 weeks trial. There
was an improvement of depression and obsessive and compulsive symptoms in the whole group of inpatients. There was an insignificant decrease in
placebo group as compared with PUFAs group in depression scores measured by HDRS (7.64+/-6.95 vs 6.54+/-6.02) and BDI (10.04+/-11.53 vs 9.39+/-
11.76). The same was observed in obsessive and compulsive symptoms as measured by Y-BOCS (9.92+/-8.73 vs 7.39+/-8.02). Conclusion: In teenage girls
with anorexia nervosa, supplementaion with PUFAs during inpatient treatment did not improve depressive and obsessive and compulsive symptoms. As in
add-on studies on depression PUFAs are effective the current results suggest that depressive symptoms in anorexia are a part of anorexia clinical
presentation not a comorbid disorder.
European Neuropsychopharmacology, 26 : S729-
S730
- Year: 2016
- Problem: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Fish oil (Omega-3 fatty acids), Omega 3 fatty
acids (e.g. fish oil, flax oil)
Lenhard,
F., Ssegonja, R., Andersson, E., Feldman, I., Ruck, C., Mataix-Cols, D., Serlachius, E.
Objectives: OCD
affects about 2 percent of children and adolescents. The first line treatment recommendation for OCD is CBT, however, a majority of patients do not
get access to treatment due to geographical distances and limited health care resources. Internet-delivered CBT (ICBT) has been proposed as a way to
overcome those treatment barriers. One advantage of ICBT that commonly is emphasized is its potential to reduce health related costs for patients and
resource use costs for the health care system. Yet, studies on the cost-effectiveness of ICBT for children and adolescents are scarce, and no data
exists on the cost-effectiveness for ICBT in pediatric OCD patients. Methods: N=67 adolescents (12-17yrs) with OCD participated in a single-blinded
randomized controlled trial comparing ICBT to a waitlist control, each 12 weeks. Clinical effectiveness outcomes were defined as treatment responder
rates and change in Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALYs) from pre- to post-treatment. Cost data was collected on health care use, informal resource
use, prescription drugs, prescriptionfree drugs, school absence and productivity loss as well as the cost of ICBT. Results: There was a significant
difference of treatment responders in ICBT (27 percent) compared to the waitlist (0 percent). No effect on QALYs was observed. Compared to waitlist
control, ICBT generated substantial cost savings averaging -150.63USD (95% CI [-166.02, -135.23]) per patient. The cost reductions were mainly driven
by reduced health care use in the ICBT group. Conclusions: The results suggest that ICBT is associated with significant societal cost-savings
compared to leaving patients untreated. A next step would be to compare cost-effectiveness of ICBT and regular face-to-face CBT.
Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 55 (10 Supplement
1) : S204
- Year: 2016
- Problem: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT), Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)
Lee, M. S., Kwon, S. M.
Introduction Obsessive thoughts can be categorized in to two sub types, autogenous obsessions and reactive
obsessions. Although it has been investigated that each subtype associates with different maladaptive coping strategies, no studies have yet
empirically compared the effectiveness of adaptive coping strategies on autogenous and reactive obsessions. Objectives It is hypothesized that
acceptance, which is a core therapeutic principle of acceptance-based cognitive therapy (ACT), is more effective on autogenous obsessions, whereas
response suppression as a principle of exposure and response prevention (ERP) has a stronger effect on reactive obsessions. Aims To compare the
effectiveness of two coping strategies (acceptance and response suppression) on autogenous and reactive obsessions. Methods A total of 164
undergraduate students completed questionnaires for obsessional thoughts and coping strategies. According to the most distressing thought, sixty
subjects (n=30 with autogenous obsession, n = 30 with reactive obsession) were randomly assigned to two groups differing in treatment conditions.
Individual psychoeducation and practice were performed for four different groups (2 obsessional subtypes x2 coping strategies). Results Repeated
measure ANOVA demonstrated that the autogenous obsessional group showed greater distress reduction after acceptance treatment than response
suppression treatment, although its effect was not statistically significant. However, the reactive obsessional group did not show the interaction
effect between distress reduction and the two coping strategies. Conclusions The results suggest that coping strategies have differential effects on
distress reduction of obsessional subtypes. Different therapeutic approaches may need to be offered to individuals with autogenous and reactive
obsessions.
European
Psychiatry, 33 : S201
- Year: 2016
- Problem: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Exposure therapy, Exposure
and response prevention, Other Psychological Interventions
Moritz, S., Stepulovs, O., Schroder, J., Hottenrott, B., Meyer, B., Hauschildt, M.
Self-help resources are frequently sought out by individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD); however their efficacy has rarely
been evaluated in randomized controlled trials, despite frequently bold claims for their efficacy. In the present study, we examined if a
metacognitive self-help manual called myMCT (for \"my Metacognitive Training\"), which encompasses exercises from cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)
and its \"third wave\", is superior to a wait-list control group in reducing OCD symptoms. Further, we examined whether an individually adapted
version of the manual suited to personal problems would yield larger effects than the full manual. Methods: A total of 89 individuals with OCD
symptoms participated in the online study. Participants were randomly assigned to three conditions; patients either received the full myMCT manual
(sent via email attachment), an individually adapted myMCT version, or were allocated to a wait-list control group. Before randomization (pre-
assessment) and six weeks later (post-assessment), individuals were asked to fill out several questionnaires tapping obsessive-compulsive and
depressive symptoms. Results: Individuals in the two myMCT conditions improved significantly more on the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale and
Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised total scores than the wait-list control group (between-group comparison), with a medium to large effect size.
Subsidiary analyses showed that improvements were particularly pronounced for obsessions, while effects on compulsions were mainly small and
insignificant. Contrary to our expectation, the adapted version did not lead to better outcomes than the full version. Discussion: The present study
supports the feasibility of a bibliotherapeutic metacognitive approach for the treatment of obsessive thoughts. While results confirm prior reports
that metacognitive training is effective in OCD, results are limited by a rather high non-completion rate. Further studies should investigate the
long-term effectiveness of the approach and its utility in the framework of guided self-help or face-to-face treatment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c)
2017 APA, all rights reserved)
Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 9 : 107
-115
- Year: 2016
- Problem: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Self-help
Elbeh, K. A., Elserogy, Y. M., Khalifa, H. E., Ahmed, M. A., Hafez, M. H., Khedr, E. M.
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has become widely used as a
therapeutic tool in psychiatric research. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of different frequencies of rTMS over right dorsolateral
prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in OCD. Forty five patients with OCD participated in the study. Patients were evaluated using: Yale-Brown obsessive
compulsive scale (Y-BOCS), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), and Clinical Global Impression-Severity scale (CGI-S). They were randomly
classified into three groups: 1st group received 1 Hz rTMS; 2nd group received 10Hz rTMS; and 3rd group received sham stimulation all at 100% of the
resting motor threshold for 10 sessions. They were followed up after the last treatment session and 3 months later. There was a significant \"time\"
x \"group\" interaction for 1Hz versus Sham but not for 10Hz versus Sham. 1Hz versus 10Hz groups showed a significant interaction for Y-BOCS and
HAM-A (P = 0.001 and 0.0001 respectively). 1Hz rTMS has a greater clinical benefit than 10Hz or Sham. There was also a significantly larger
percentage change in GCI-S in the 1Hz group versus either 10Hz or sham. We conclude that 1Hz-rTMS, targeting right DLPFC is a promising tool for
treatment of OCD. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
Psychiatry Research, 238 : 264-
269
- Year: 2016
- Problem: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Biological Interventions
(any), Transcranial magnetic stimulation
(TMS)