Disorders - Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
Baetz, C. L., Branson, C. E., Weinberger, E., Rose, R.
E., Petkova, E., Horwitz, S. M., Hoagwood, K. E.
Objective: The objective of this study was to systematically review existing empirical evidence on the effectiveness of trauma-specific
treatment for justice-involved adolescents and evaluate the impact of the interventions on the reduction of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
symptoms, co-occurring mental health symptoms, and juvenile justice-related outcomes. Method: A systematic literature search was conducted using a
four-step process. Studies were included if they used a manualized, trauma-specific treatment with at least one control or comparison group and a
sample comprised exclusively of justice-involved adolescents. Results: In total, 1,699 unique records were identified, and 56 full-text articles were
reviewed, of which 7 met the criteria for inclusion. Trauma-specific interventions led to a decrease in PTSD symptoms compared with a control group
in four of seven studies, and two studies also demonstrated a reduction in trauma-related depressive symptoms. Finally, juvenile justice-related
outcomes were measured in only four studies, with one study finding moderately reduced rates of delinquent behavior and recidivism following trauma-
specific treatment. Conclusions: The results from this systematic review suggest that trauma-specific treatment interventions have promising effects
for justice-involved adolescents. However, the results reveal a dearth of quality intervention research for treating youths with histories of trauma
in the justice system. Significant gaps in the literature are highlighted, and suggestions for future directions are discussed. (PsycInfo Database
Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) Impact Statement This is one of the first known systematic reviews to focus exclusively on the
effectiveness of trauma-specific treatments for youths in the juvenile justice system. Trauma-specific treatments are critical to trauma-informed
justice practices, yet minimal evidence exists about their effectiveness with this population. Among the seven included studies, trauma-specific
treatments significantly reduced PTSD symptoms, co-occurring mental health symptoms, and justice-related outcomes. These findings suggest that
trauma-specific interventions can be effectively adapted for use with adolescents in the justice system and improve outcomes beyond PTSD. More
research is needed to establish an evidence base across the justice continuum and develop guidelines for the implementation of effective treatments.
(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)
Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 14(4) : 642-
652
- Year: 2022
- Problem: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention), Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any)
Allen, B., Shenk, C. E., Dreschel, N.
E., Wang, M., Bucher, A. M., Desir, M. P., Chen, M. J., Grabowski, S. R.
This clinical trial examined animal-assisted therapy (AAT) as an adjunct to Trauma-Focused
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) for abused youth with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Youth between the ages of 6 and 17 (M = 11.79, SD =
3.08) were randomized to receive standard TF-CBT or TF-CBT with adjunctive AAT (TF-CBT+AAT) employing retired service dogs. Feasibility metrics
evaluating the addition of AAT were collected in addition to common clinical outcomes evaluated in TF-CBT trials. The inclusion of AAT increased the
number of potential participants who declined participation and there were no noted benefits for treatment retention or satisfaction with services.
Analyses showed that the inclusion of AAT did not enhance improvement of PTSD symptom severity (beta = .90, t = .94, p = .351) or a number of other
outcomes. On the contrary, there were indications from analyses and clinician feedback that AAT may have attenuated improvement in many cases. This
study identified a number of important feasibility considerations in the design of studies testing AAT. However, the results examining clinical
outcomes suggest that the inclusion of AAT with TF-CBT in the treatment of maltreated youth with PTSD is not warranted at this time.
Child maltreatment, 27(3) : 466-
477
- Year: 2022
- Problem: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention), Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Psychological Interventions
(any), Trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy (TF-
CBT), Other complementary & alternative
interventions
Ahmadi, S. J., Musavi, Z., Samim, N., Sadeqi, M., Jobson, L.
Background: The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy, acceptability and feasibility of using modified written exposure therapy
(m-WET) to treat symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in Afghan adolescent girls in the aftermath of a terrorist attack. Method(s): 120
Afghan (Hazara) adolescent girls who had been exposed to the Sayed al-Shuhada school terrorist attack were randomly assigned to the m-WET (n = 40),
trauma-focused cognitive behavior therapy (TF-CBT) (n = 40), or control groups (n = 40). m-WET involved five consecutive daily group sessions where
participants simply wrote about the terrorist attack including thoughts and feelings. TF-CBT was an intensive five-session group intervention. The
control group had no additional contact. The trial was undertaken at a local non-government organization in Kabul. The primary analysis was comparing
PTSD symptoms (Child Revised Impact of Event Scale-13) in the three groups at post-intervention and three-month follow-up. Result(s): Overall,
participant and facilitator satisfaction with m-WET was high. Acceptability of m-WET was relatively high, with 15% drop-out in the m-WET group and
all m-WET sessions were attended. While the groups did not differ significantly in PTSD symptoms at baseline, the m-WET group had significantly lower
levels of PTSD symptoms compared to the control group at post-intervention and follow-up. There was no significant difference between the m-WET and
TF-CBT groups. Conclusion(s): The findings suggest m-WET may be promising intervention for the treatment of PTSD among adolescent girls in
humanitarian settings. Further research in the area is warranted. Copyright © 2022 Ahmadi, Musavi, Samim, Sadeqi and Jobson.
Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13 (no pagination) :
- Year: 2022
- Problem: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Psychological Interventions
(any), Exposure therapy, Exposure
and response prevention, Trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy (TF-
CBT), Creative expression: music, dance, drama, art
Ahmadi, N., Pynoos, R., Leuchter, A., Kopelowicz, A.
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of
brief reminder-focused positive psychiatry and suicide prevention (RFPP-S) on suicidal ideation, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and
clinical outcomes among youths with PTSD treated in psychiatric emergency rooms. Method(s): This study included youths with PTSD and suicidality who
received either RFPP-S (N550) or treatment as usual (N5150). The Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS), Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale
for children and adolescents, University of California, Los Angeles Trauma Reminder Inventory, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Positive Emotion,
Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, and Accomplishment Scale, and positive psychiatry test batteries were administered at baseline, on day 2, and 1
week and 1 month after discharge. Result(s): On day 2, the RFPP-S group showed a greater reduction in PTSD symptoms (55%) and reactivity to trauma
and loss reminders (80%) compared with the control group (10% for both) (p50.001). A significantly greater reduction in C-SSRS score for RFPP-S
(80%), compared with treatment as usual (15%), was noted (p50.001), and RFPP-S showed more rapid stabilization (mean6SD52.060.5 days) and enhanced
postdischarge follow-up (100%) compared with treatment as usual (5.062.0 days and 50%, respectively) (p,0.05). RFPP-S, but not treatment as usual,
was associated with significant increases in well-being, flexible thinking, and coping skills (p,0.05). Hospital readmission due to suicidality 1
month after discharge was 0% for the RFPP-S group and 20% for the control group. Conclusion(s): RFPP-S was associated with reduced PTSD symptoms,
enhanced coping skills while experiencing trauma reminders, adoption of safety skills, rapid stabilization of acute crises of PTSD with suicidality,
adherence to post-emergency room visits and treatment, and favorable clinical outcomes. Copyright © 2022 Association for the Advancement of
Psychotherapy Inc.. All rights reserved.
American Journal of Psychotherapy, 75(3) : 114-
121
- Year: 2022
- Problem: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Suicide or self-harm behaviours (excluding non-suicidal self-harm)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Supportive
therapy, Other Psychological Interventions
Zimmerman, A., Garman, E., Avendano-Pabon, M., Araya, R., Evans-Lacko, S., McDaid, D., Park, A. L., Hessel, P., Diaz, Y., Matijasevich, A., Ziebold, C., Bauer, A., Paula, C. S., Lund, C.
Introduction Although cash transfer programmes are not explicitly designed to improve mental health, by reducing poverty
and improving the life chances of children and young people, they may also improve their mental health. This systematic review and meta-analysis
assessed the evidence on the effectiveness of cash transfers to improve the mental health of children and young people in low-income and middle-
income countries. Methods We searched Pubmed, EBSCOhost, Scientific Electronic Library Online, ISI Web of Science and Social Sciences Citation Index
and grey literature (from January 2000 to July 2020) for studies which quantitatively assessed the impact of cash transfers on mental health in young
people (aged 0-24 years), using a design that incorporated a control group. We extracted Cohen's d effects size and used a random-effects model for
the meta-analysis on studies that measured depressive symptoms, I 2 statistic and assessment of study quality. Results We identified 12 116 articles
for screening, of which 12 were included in the systematic review (covering 13 interventions) and seven in the meta-analysis assessing impact on
depressive symptoms specifically. There was high heterogeneity (I 2 =95.2) and a high risk of bias (0.38, 95% CIs:-5.08 to 5.85; p=0.86) across
studies. Eleven interventions (85%) showed a significant positive impact of cash transfers on at least one mental health outcome in children and
young people. However, no study found a positive effect on all mental health outcomes examined, and the meta-analysis showed no impact of cash
transfers on depressive symptoms (0.02, 95% CIs:-0.19 to 0.23; p=0.85). Conclusion Cash transfers may have positive effects on some mental health
outcomes for young people, with no negative effects identified. However, there is high heterogeneity across studies, with some interventions showing
no effects. Our review highlights how the effect of cash transfers may vary by social and economic context, culture, design, conditionality and
mental health outcome. Copyright ©
, 6(4) (no pagination) :
- Year: 2021
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Depressive Disorders
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Universal prevention, At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions, Other service delivery and improvement
interventions
Xulu, K. R., Womersley, J.
S., Sommer, J., Hinsberger,
M., Elbert, T., Weierstall, R., Kaminer, D., Malan-Muller, S., Seedat, S., Hemmings, S. M. J.
Exposure to violence can lead to appetitive aggression (AA), the positive feeling and fascination associated with violence, and
posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), characterised by hyperarousal, reexperience and feelings of ongoing threat. Psychotherapeutic interventions may
act via DNA methylation, an environmentally sensitive epigenetic mechanism that can influence gene expression. We investigated epigenetic signatures
of psychotherapy for PTSD and AA symptoms in South African men with chronic trauma exposure. Participants were assigned to one of three groups:
narrative exposure therapy for forensic offender rehabilitation (FORNET), cognitive behavioural therapy or waiting list control (n = 9-10/group).
Participants provided saliva and completed the Appetitive Aggression Scale and PTSD Symptom Severity Index at baseline, 8-month and 16-month follow-
up. The relationship, over time, between methylation in 22 gene promoter region sites, symptom scores, and treatment was assessed using linear mixed
models. Compared to baseline, PTSD and AA symptom severity were significantly reduced at 8 and 16 months, respectively, in the FORNET group.
Increased methylation of genes implicated in dopaminergic neurotransmission (NR4A2) and synaptic plasticity (AUTS2) was associated with reduced PTSD
symptom severity in participants receiving FORNET. Analyses across participants revealed a proportional relationship between AA and methylation of
TFAM, a gene involved in mitochondrial biosynthesis. Copyright © 2020
Psychiatry Research, 295 (no pagination) :
- Year: 2021
- Problem: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT), Narrative exposure therapy (NET)
van-Ginneken, N., Chin, W. Y., Lim, Y.
C., Ussif, A., Singh,
R., Shahmalak, U., Purgato, M., Rojas-Garcia, A., Uphoff, E., McMullen, S., Foss, H. S., Thapa-Pachya, A., Rashidian, L., Borghesani,
A., Henschke, N., Chong, L. Y., Lewin, S.
Background: Community-based primary-level
workers (PWs) are an important strategy for addressing gaps in mental health service delivery in low- and middle-income countries. Objective(s): To
evaluate the effectiveness of PW-led treatments for persons with mental health symptoms in LMICs, compared to usual care. Search Method(s): MEDLINE,
Embase, CENTRAL, ClinicalTrials.gov, ICTRP, reference lists (to 20 June 2019). Selection Criteria: Randomised trials of PW-led or collaborative-care
interventions treating people with mental health symptoms or their carers in LMICs. PWs included: primary health professionals (PHPs), lay health
workers (LHWs), community non-health professionals (CPs). Data Collection and Analysis: Seven conditions were identified apriori and analysed by
disorder and PW examining recovery, prevalence, symptom change, quality-of-life (QOL), functioning, service use (SU), and adverse events (AEs). Risk
ratios (RRs) were used for dichotomous outcomes; mean difference (MDs), standardised mean differences (SMDs), or mean change differences (MCDs) for
continuous outcomes. For SMDs, 0.20 to 0.49 represented small, 0.50 to 0.79 moderate, and >=0.80 large clinical effects. Analysis timepoints: T1 (<1
month), T2 (1-6 months), T3 (>6 months) post-intervention. Main Result(s): Description of studies. 95 trials (72 new since 2013) from 30 LMICs (25
trials from 13 LICs). Risk of bias. Most common: detection bias, attrition bias (efficacy), insufficient protection against contamination.
Intervention effects. *Unless indicated, comparisons were usual care at T2. \"Probably\", \"may\", or \"uncertain\" indicates \"moderate\", \"low,\"
or \"very low\" certainty evidence. Adults with common mental disorders (CMDs). LHW-led interventions. a. may increase recovery (2 trials, 308
participants; RR 1.29, 95%CI 1.06 to 1.56);. b. may reduce prevalence (2 trials, 479 participants; RR 0.42, 95%CI 0.18 to 0.96);. c. may reduce
symptoms (4 trials, 798 participants; SMD -0.59, 95%CI -1.01 to -0.16);. d. may improve QOL (1 trial, 521 participants; SMD 0.51, 95%CI 0.34 to
0.69);. e. may slightly reduce functional impairment (3 trials, 1399 participants; SMD -0.47, 95%CI -0.8 to -0.15);. f. may reduce AEs (risk of
suicide ideation/attempts);. g. may have uncertain effects on SU. Collaborative-care. a. may increase recovery (5 trials, 804 participants; RR 2.26,
95%CI 1.50 to 3.43);. b. may reduce prevalence although the actual effect range indicates it may have little-or-no effect (2 trials, 2820
participants; RR 0.57, 95%CI 0.32 to 1.01);. c. may slightly reduce symptoms (6 trials, 4419 participants; SMD -0.35, 95%CI -0.63 to -0.08);. d. may
slightly improve QOL (6 trials, 2199 participants; SMD 0.34, 95%CI 0.16 to 0.53);. e. probably has little-to-no effect on functional impairment (5
trials, 4216 participants; SMD -0.13, 95%CI -0.28 to 0.03);. f. may reduce SU (referral to MH specialists);. g. may have uncertain effects on AEs
(death). Women with perinatal depression (PND). LHW-led interventions. a. may increase recovery (4 trials, 1243 participants; RR 1.29, 95%CI 1.08 to
1.54);. b. probably slightly reduce symptoms (5 trials, 1989 participants; SMD -0.26, 95%CI -0.37 to -0.14);. c. may slightly reduce functional
impairment (4 trials, 1856 participants; SMD -0.23, 95%CI -0.41 to -0.04);. d. may have little-to-no effect on AEs (death);. e. may have uncertain
effects on SU. Collaborative-care. a. has uncertain effects on symptoms/QOL/SU/AEs. Adults with post-traumatic stress (PTS) or CMDs in humanitarian
settings. LHW-led interventions. a. may slightly reduce depression symptoms (5 trials, 1986 participants; SMD -0.36, 95%CI -0.56 to -0.15);. b.
probably slightly improve QOL (4 trials, 1918 participants; SMD -0.27, 95%CI -0.39 to -0.15);. c. may have uncertain effects on symptoms
(PTS)/functioning/SU/AEs. PHP-led interventions. a. may reduce PTS symptom prevalence (1 trial, 313 participants; RR 5.50, 95%CI 2.50 to 12.10) and
depression prevalence (1 trial, 313 participants; RR 4.60, 95%CI 2.10 to 10.08);. b. may have uncertain effects on symptoms/functioning/SU/AEs.
Adults with harmful/hazardous alcohol or substance use. LHW-led interventions. a. may increase recovery from harmful/hazardous alcohol use although
the actual effect range indicates it may have little-or-no effect (4 trials, 872 participants; RR 1.28, 95%CI 0.94 to 1.74);. b. may have little-to-
no effect on the prevalence of methamphetamine use (1 trial, 882 participants; RR 1.01, 95%CI 0.91 to 1.13) and functional impairment (2 trials, 498
participants; SMD -0.14, 95%CI -0.32 to 0.03);. c. probably slightly reduce risk of harmful/hazardous alcohol use (3 trials, 667 participants; SMD -
0.22, 95%CI -0.32 to -0.11);. d. may have uncertain effects on SU/AEs. PHP/CP-led interventions. a. probably have little-to-no effect on recovery
from harmful/hazardous alcohol use (3 trials, 1075 participants; RR 0.93, 95%CI 0.77 to 1.12) or QOL (1 trial, 560 participants; MD 0.00, 95%CI -0.10
to 0.10);. b. probably slightly reduce risk of harmful/hazardous alcohol and substance use (2 trials, 705 participants; SMD -0.20, 95%CI -0.35 to -
0.05; moderate-certainty evidence);. c. may have uncertain effects on prevalence (cannabis use)/SU/AEs. PW-led interventions for alcohol/substance
dependence. a. may have uncertain effects. Adults with severe mental disorders. *Com arisons were specialist-led care at T1. LHW-led interventions.
a. may have little-to-no effect on caregiver burden (1 trial, 253 participants; MD -0.04, 95%CI -0.18 to 0.11);. b. may have uncertain effects on
symptoms/functioning/SU/AEs. PHP-led or collaborative-care. a. may reduce functional impairment (7 trials, 874 participants; SMD -1.13, 95%CI -1.78
to -0.47);. b. may have uncertain effects on recovery/relapse/symptoms/QOL/SU. Adults with dementia and carers. PHP/LHW-led carer interventions. a.
may have little-to-no effect on the severity of behavioural symptoms in dementia patients (2 trials, 134 participants; SMD -0.26, 95%CI -0.60 to
0.08);. b. may reduce carers' mental distress (2 trials, 134 participants; SMD -0.47, 95%CI -0.82 to -0.13);. c. may have uncertain effects on
QOL/functioning/SU/AEs. Children with PTS or CMDs. LHW-led interventions. a. may have little-to-no effect on PTS symptoms (3 trials, 1090
participants; MCD -1.34, 95%CI -2.83 to 0.14);. b. probablyhave little-to-no effect on depression symptoms (3 trials, 1092 participants; MCD -0.61,
95%CI -1.23 to 0.02) or on functional impairment (3 trials, 1092 participants; MCD -0.81, 95%CI -1.48 to -0.13);. c. may have little-or-no effect on
AEs. CP-led interventions. a. may have little-to-no effect on depression symptoms (2 trials, 602 participants; SMD -0.19, 95%CI -0.57 to 0.19) or on
AEs;. b. may have uncertain effects on recovery/symptoms(PTS)/functioning. Authors' conclusions: PW-led interventions show promising benefits in
improving outcomes for CMDs, PND, PTS, harmful alcohol/substance use, and dementia carers in LMICs. Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Cochrane Database
of Systematic Reviews published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. on behalf of The Cochrane Collaboration.
Cochrane Database of
Systematic Reviews, 2021(8) (no pagination) :
- Year: 2021
- Problem: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder), At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions, Other service delivery and improvement
interventions
Tolou-Shams, M., Dauria, E. F., Folk, J., Shumway, M., Marshall, B. D.
L., Rizzo, C. J., Messina, N., Covington, S., Haack, L. M., Chaffee, T., Brown, L.
K.
Background: Girls have unique developmental pathways to
substance use and justice system involvement, warranting gender-responsive intervention. We tested the efficacy of VOICES (a 12-session, weekly
trauma-informed, gender-responsive substance use intervention) in reducing substance use and HIV/STI risk behaviors among justice- and school-
referred girls. Method(s): Participants were 113 girls (Mage = 15.7 years, SD = 1.4; 12 % White, 19 % Black, 15 % multi-racial; 42 %
Latinx) with a history of substance use referred from juvenile justice (29 %) and school systems (71 %). Study assessments were completed at
baseline, 3-, 6- and 9-months follow-up. Primary outcomes included substance use and HIV/STI risk behaviors; secondary outcomes included psychiatric
symptoms (including posttraumatic stress) and delinquent acts. We hypothesized that girls randomized to the VOICES (n = 51) versus GirlHealth
(attention control; n = 62) condition would report reduced alcohol, cannabis and other substance use, HIV/STI risk behaviors, psychiatric symptoms,
and delinquent acts. Result(s): Girls randomized to VOICES reported significantly less cannabis use over 9-month follow-up relative to the control
condition (time by intervention, p < .01), but there were no between group differences over time in HIV/STI risk behavior. Girls in both conditions
reported fewer psychiatric symptoms and delinquent acts over time. Conclusion(s): Data support the use of a trauma-informed, gender-responsive
intervention to reduce cannabis use among girls with a substance use history and legal involvement; reducing cannabis use in this population has
implications for preventing future justice involvement and improving public health outcomes for girls and young women, who are at disproportionate
health and legal risk relative to their male counterparts. Copyright © 2021
Drug
and Alcohol Dependence, 228 (no pagination) :
- Year: 2021
- Problem: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder), At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Psychoeducation, Other Psychological Interventions
Stappenbeck, C.
A., Gulati, N. K., Jaffe, A. E., Blayney, J. A., Kaysen, D.
Objective: College women with sexual assault histories report greater heavy
drinking relative to those without histories of assault. Moreover, individuals with sexual assault histories often have difficulty regulating
emotions and tolerating distress, which can lead to a problematic pattern of drinking to cope. Thus, we evaluated the initial efficacy of a web-based
alcohol intervention that included strategies to reduce drinking and improve regulatory skills for heavy drinking college women with sexual assault
histories. Method(s): The sample comprised college women (N = 200) who were 20.9 (SD = 2.8) years old and primarily White (69%). They were randomized
to an assessment-only control or intervention and completed 14 daily diary assessments, pre and posttreatment surveys, and 1-and 6-month follow-up
surveys. During daily diary, the intervention group received a brief (5-10 min) alcohol reduction or regulatory skill module each day. Result(s):
Reductions in drinking quantity and heavy episodic drinking were found for the intervention group at posttreatment and 1-month follow-up relative to
controls. Improved regulatory skills and reduced posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms were reported at posttreatment for women who received
the intervention compared to controls. Although gains were maintained, the intervention group no longer differed from controls by 6-month follow-up.
Conclusion(s): Results suggest this web-based intervention may result in short-term reductions in drinking and PTSD symptoms as well as improvements
in regulatory abilities for college women with sexual assault histories. Copyright © 2021 American Psychological Association
Psychology of Addictive
Behaviors, 35(7) : 852-865
- Year: 2021
- Problem: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Skills training, Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)
Short, N. A., Zvolensky, M. J., Schmidt, N.
B.
Background: Insomnia
symptoms may be an important etiological factor for substance use disorders; however, whether improving sleep leads to reductions in problematic
substance use among at-risk populations remains unclear. Method(s): As such, the current pilot study used a randomized controlled design to test the
effects of Brief Behavioral Treatment for Insomnia (BBTI) against a waitlist control among a sample of trauma-exposed young adults with elevated
insomnia symptoms who regularly use cannabis (N = 56). Result(s): Intent-to-treat multilevel modeling analyses indicated that BBTI may be more
efficacious than waitlist control in reducing self-reported insomnia symptoms, with large effects three months post-treatment (d = 1.34). Further,
our initial evidence suggested that BBTI resulted in reductions in cannabis-related problems with medium to large effects at three months post-
treatment (d = 0.75). The current pilot analyses indicated BBTI also reduced cravings to use cannabis to reduce negative emotions in response to
trauma cues with a large effect size. Conclusion(s): This pilot study suggests BBTI may be efficacious not only in improving insomnia symptoms among
cannabis users but also in reducing cannabis-related problems and cravings over three months. Future research should replicate these results in a
larger, fully powered sample with improved follow-up rates designed to test temporal mediation using multimethod assessments of insomnia symptoms and
problematic cannabis use. Overall, BBTI may be a promising intervention for trauma-exposed cannabis users to improve sleep and reduce cannabis-
related problems. Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc.
Journal of substance abuse treatment, 131 (no
pagination) :
- Year: 2021
- Problem: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Cannabis Use
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions, Other complementary & alternative
interventions
Roque-Lopez, S., Llanez-Anaya,
E., Alvarez-Lopez, M. J., Everts, M., Fernandez, D., Davidson, R. J., Kaliman, P.
Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with a wide range of diseases, unsafe behavior and shorter
life expectancy. However, there is scarce evidence on effective interventions for children or adolescents who report multiple ACEs, including abuse,
neglect and household dysfunction. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the mental health outcomes of a multimodal program designed for
adolescents with multiple ACEs. Participants: Forty-four girls (aged 13-16 years, mean ACE score > 5) were randomized to an intervention group or a
care-as-usual control group. Methods: The intervention included mindfulness-based practices, expressive arts and EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization
and Reprocessing Integrative) group treatment. We used questionnaires for adolescents to assess trauma (SPRINT, CPSS) and attention/awareness-related
outcomes (MAAS-A) at baseline (T1), post-intervention (T2) and two-months post-discharge (T3). Results: Linear mixed effects model analyses showed
significant Group by Time interactions on all the scales (F = 11.0, p = 0.015; F = 12.5 p < 0.001; and F = 6.4, p = 0.001, for SPRINT, CPSS and
MAAS-A, respectively). After completing the program, the intervention group showed significant reduction in trauma-related outcomes (SPRINT, DELTA
%(T2-T1) = -73%, p < 0.001; CPSS, DELTA%(T2-T1) = -26%, p < 0.001) while attention/awareness-related outcomes were improved by 57% (p < 0.001). These
changes remained stable two months after discharge. SPRINT and CPSS scales were highly correlated (r = 0.833, p < 0.001) and outcomes from both
trauma-related scales negatively correlated with mindfulness scores (MAAS-A/SPRINT, r = -0.515, p = 0.007; MAAS-A/CPSS, r = -0.553, p < 0.001).
Conclusions: Results presented here support this multimodal group intervention as a feasible and promising program for reducing the psychological
burden in adolescents with a history of multiple ACEs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)
Child Abuse & Neglect Vol 122 2021, ArtID
105349, 122 :
- Year: 2021
- Problem: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Psychological Interventions
(any), Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR), Other Psychological Interventions, Mindfulness based
therapy, Creative expression: music, dance, drama, art, Meditation, Mind-body exercises (e.g. yoga, tai chi, qigong), Other complementary & alternative
interventions
Morison, L., Simonds, L., Stewart, S. J.
F.
BACKGROUND: The effect of interventions based on the creative arts for children and adolescents exposed to traumatic
events was estimated for measures of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other psychological symptoms. METHOD(S): Using a pre-registered
protocol, relevant journal articles were identified through searches of: PsycInfo; Psychology and Behavioural Sciences Collection; CINAHL and
PsycArticles. Data were pooled using a random effects model, and effect estimates were reported as Hedges' g. RESULT(S): Pooled effect estimates
indicated that arts-based interventions significantly reduced PTSD symptom scores compared to pre-intervention (15 studies, g = -.67, p < .001) and a
control group (7 studies, g = -.50, p < .001). Significant reductions were also found for measures of negative mood, but results were mixed for
externalizing problems and anxiety. CONCLUSION(S): Despite variations in study quality, intervention approaches and types of trauma experience, the
results tentatively suggest that creative arts-based interventions may be effective in reducing symptoms of trauma and negative mood.
Arts & health, : 1-
26
- Year: 2021
- Problem: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
- Type: Systematic reviews
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Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention), Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
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Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Creative expression: music, dance, drama, art