Disorders - Psychosis Disorders
Shuib, N., Ahmad, M., Mohamad-Alwi, M. N., Jamil-Osman, Z., Nik-Jaafar, N. R.
Objective: Studies towards recovery in the area of psychosis through
Cognitive Remediation (CR) is paramount to improve cognition and psychosocial by concentrating the core deficit. The aim of the study was to evaluate
the feasibility of CR by targeting lower-level cognitive process of processing speed (PS) in CR with metacognitive strategies to enhance the global
cognition and functional outcomes. Methods: This parallel single blinded with two-arm trial involved 30 participants with First Episode Psychosis
(FEP) from Klang Valley, Malaysia which successfully underwent 15 session- Remediation of Mind (ReMind) programme through web based cognitive
training for eight week. The effect of adding PS in CR in treatment group (n = 15) were compared to standard care of CR (n = 15). The effects of 10-h
targeted skill in PS were examined in this metacognitivebased CR. The neurocognition, psychopathology, and functional measures were assessed as pre
and post assessment comprising The Brief Assessment of Cognition Schizophrenia Malay Version (BACSM), the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale
(PANSS), Schizophrenia Cognition Rating Scale (SCoRS), Social Functioning Scale (SFS), and Schizophrenia Quality of Life Scale Revision 4 (SQLS-R4).
Results: Results suggest that participants have benefit from recovery process in terms of their global cognition, symptoms reduction and real world
functioning through progressive trend of enhancement. Conclusion: Targeted core feature of processing speed in CR was feasible and has a vast
potential to be implemented in Malaysia for metacognitive competencies, cognitive performance and functional outcomes.
European Archives of Psychiatry
and Clinical Neuroscience, 267(1 (Suppl 1)) : S53
- Year: 2017
- Problem: Psychosis Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: First episode (psychosis only)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive remediation
therapy
Schooler, N., Khan, A., Keefe, R., Marcy, P., Robinson, D., Kane, J.
Background:
Significant cognitive impairment is already seen in first episode psychosis (FEP) and the degree of cognitive impairment is recognized as an
important moderator of long-term outcomes. An important question is whether specialized FEP treatment can improve cognitive functioning, which has
been relatively resistant to change. The NIMH sponsored RAISE-ETP study provided an opportunity to compare NAVIGATE, a coordinated specialty care
intervention designed for FEP, to Community Care in a randomized clinical trial. Methods: The radnomized clinical trial (RCT) was conducted at
thirty-four sites in the US. Seventeen sites were randomly assigned to provide NAVIGATE and 17 to provide Community Care. Four hundred four
consenting participants who were 15 to 45 years old, were experiencing a first episode of psychosis and had not received more than 6 months of
antipsychotic medication entered the study. Treatment and assessment continued for up to two years. The Brief Assessment of Cognition in
Schizophrenia (BACS) was administered by trained on-site research assistants at baseline, one and two years. Age and sex adjusted T-scores for the
BACS Composite and six sub-tests (Verbal Memory, Digit Sequencing, Verbal Fluency, Token Motor, Symbol Coding and Tower of London) were calculated at
baseline, month 12 and 24. Generalized estimating equations (GEEs) were applied to compare interventions with respect to changes in cognition between
baseline and months 12 and 24 and adjusting for within and between site variation. Results: The NAVIGATE and Community Care groups included 221 and
181 participants, respectively of the 223 and 181 in the study. At Month 12, 62.7% of the baseline sample completed the BACS, and at Month 24, 43.8%
of the baseline sample did so. The GEE models showed significant interaction effects. The interaction between Group and Visit was a statistically
significant predictor of change in: Verbal Memory, Verbal Fluency, Symbol Coding, Tower of London and the Cognitive composite (po 0.001 for all
subtests). Further examination of the parameter estimates showed that for the NAVIGATE group, there was significant improvement at Month 12 and Month
24 for Verbal Memory (p = 0.002, p = 0.003, respectively), Digit Sequencing (p = 0.012, p = 0.020, respectively), Tower of London (p = 0.001, p =
0.002, respectively) and the Cognitive Composite (p = 0.001,p<0.001, respectively). For the Community Care group, there was a significant improvement
at Month 12 and Month 24 for the Cognitive Composite (p = 0.036, p = 0.20, respectively); only the Tower of London showed significant difference from
Baseline to Month 24 for the Community Care group (p<0.001). Conclusions: The results of this analysis suggest that NAVIGATE resulted in greater
improvement in cognitive functioning in both an overall score and for specific components than did Community Care. NAVIGATE is a multi-component
intervention; each intervention was guided by a manual and supervision by a central team. NAVIGATE includes psychopharmacological treatment with
antipsychotics and other psychotropic medications using an internet based decision support system, an individual psychotherapy called Individual
Resiliency Training, family psychoeducation and supported employment and education. The role of individual components cannot be readily determined
and further analyses will evaluate the effect of moderator variables such as duration of untreated psychosis. To date, pharmacologic treatments to
improve cognition have not demonstrated efficacy. Cognitive remediation strategies, notably Cognitive Enhancement Therapy pioneered by Gerard
Hogarty, has shown efficacy in FEP patients but to the best of our knowledge, this is the first RCT to show an effect of a broad FEP focused
intervention on cognitive functioning.
Neuropsychopharmacology, 41((Suppl
1)) : S593
- Year: 2016
- Problem: Psychosis Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: First episode (psychosis only)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Other service delivery and improvement
interventions
Sahni,
S., Chavan, B. S., Sidana, A., Kalra, P., Kaur, G.
BACKGROUND
& OBJECTIVES: Clozapine may be more useful in treatment-naive patients with first-episode schizophrenia for better symptoms control and improving
quality of life. The current study was carried out to compare the efficacy and tolerability of clozapine versus risperidone in treatment-naive,
first-episode patients of schizophrenia.\rMETHODS: This was a comparative, open-label, six months prospective study of treatment-naive, first-episode
patients with schizophrenia between the age group of 18 and 40 yr diagnosed as per the International Classification of Diseases-10 (ICD-10) criteria.
A total of 63 patients were recruited and randomly assigned to clozapine group or risperidone group using computer-generated random number tables.
Eight patients were lost to follow up. The dosages of the respective drugs were kept in therapeutic range of 200-600 mg/day and 4-8 mg/day orally for
clozapine and risperidone, respectively.\rRESULTS: On general psychopathology score, after six months of intervention, clozapine led to 60.32 per
cent mean reduction in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for Schizophrenia total score while risperidone led to 56.35 per cent mean
reduction in PANSS total score, which meant more improvement with clozapine. Clozapine group was found to have significant improvement in quality of
life (P = 0.04339). On Glasgow Antipsychotic Side-effect Scale, clozapine was superior to risperidone. The most common side effects observed in
clozapine group were oversedation (78.96%) and dizziness (55.23%), and in risperidone group, common side effects were rigidity (62.36%), sedation
(38.69%), tremors (65.69%) and menstrual irregularities in 80.25 per cent of female patients.\rINTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this
preliminary study showed clozapine as a better choice than risperidone in terms of efficacy, tolerability and better quality of life in treatment-
naive, first-episode schizophrenia. However, further studies need to be done on a larger group of patients to confirm the findings.
Indian Journal of Medical Research, 144(5) : 697-
703
- Year: 2016
- Problem: Psychosis Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: First episode (psychosis only)
-
Treatment and intervention: Biological Interventions
(any), Atypical Antipsychotics (second
generation)
Zhang, C., Chen, M. J., Wu, G. J., Wang, Z. W., Rao, S. Z., Zhang, Y., Yi, Z. H., Yang, W. M., Gao, K. M., Song, L. S.
OBJECTIVE: Maintenance treatment of schizophrenia with antipsychotic medications has become a standard
for the prevention of psychotic relapse. However, little is known about the effectiveness of antipsychotic drugs for maintenance treatment in
\"real-world\" populations with schizophrenia. We carried out a prospective study to assess the effectiveness of the most frequently prescribed
antipsychotic drugs in the maintenance treatment of schizophrenia from 2 community settings.\rMETHODS: This study was conducted from October 2011 to
December 2014. All participants were diagnosed with schizophrenia according to DSM-IV, were treated with an antipsychotic monotherapy, and were
registered in a case management program with monthly monitoring for 24 months. The primary outcome measure, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale
(PANSS), and the Clinical Global Impressions-Severity of Illness (CGI-S) and -Improvement (CGI-I) scales were used to evaluate symptom severity and
treatment response. The Personal and Social Performance scale (PSP) was used to evaluate the patients' social functioning. The Medication Adherence
Rating Scale (MARS) was used to assess medication adherence behavior. On the basis of antipsychotic used at baseline, patients were clustered into 7
groups: aripiprazole (n = 21), clozapine (n = 84), chlorpromazine (n = 61), olanzapine (n = 34), perphenazine (n = 21), quetiapine (n = 27), and
risperidone (n = 99).\rRESULTS: Of the 347 patients enrolled in the study, 312 completed the 24-month follow-up. There were no significant
differences among the treatment groups in the PANSS total and subscale scores or the CGI-S and CGI-I scores over 24 months (all P values > .05).
There were also no significant differences in interactions between PSP scores and antipsychotic drugs (P = .17). The remission rates increased as the
follow-time lapsed in all groups, but no significant difference was observed in remission rates at each time point among the 7 groups (P values >
.05). At the endpoint, MARS total scores were over 6, but did not significantly differ among the studied drugs (P = .24).\rCONCLUSIONS: These
findings suggest that antipsychotic drugs can achieve equivalent effectiveness in maintenance treatment of first-episode schizophrenia through a
well-organized case management program and family participation.
Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 77(11) : e1460-e1466
- Year: 2016
- Problem: Psychosis Disorders
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: First episode (psychosis only)
-
Treatment and intervention: Biological Interventions
(any), Typical Antipsychotics (first generation), Atypical Antipsychotics (second
generation), Service Delivery & Improvement, Case management
Stain, H. J. Bucci,
S., Baker, A. L., Carr, V., Emsley, R., Halpin, S., Lewin, T., Schall, U., Clarke,
V., Crittenden, K., Startup, M.
Background: Intervention trials for young people at ultra high risk (UHR) for
psychosis have shown cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) to have promising effects on treating psychotic symptoms but have not focused on functional
outcomes. We hypothesized that compared to an active control, CBT would: (i) reduce the likelihood of, and/or delay, transition to psychosis; (ii)
reduce symptom severity while improving social functioning and quality of life, whether or not transition occurred. Method: This was a single-blind
randomised controlled trial for young people at UHR for psychosis comparing CBT to an active control condition, Non Directive Reflective Listening
(NDRL), both in addition to standard care, with a 6month treatment phase and 12months of follow-up. Statistical analysis is based on intention-to-
treat and used random effect models to estimate treatment effects common to all time-points. Results: Fifty-seven young people (mean age = 16.5
years) were randomised to CBT (n = 30) or NDRL (n = 27). Rate of transition to psychosis was 5%; the 3 transitions occurred in the CBT condition
(baseline, 2months, 5months respectively). The NDRL condition resulted in a significantly greater reduction in distress associated with psychotic
symptoms compared to CBT (treatment effect = 36.71, standard error = 16.84, p = 0.029). There were no significant treatment effects on frequency and
intensity of psychotic symptoms, global, social or role functioning. Conclusion: Our sample was higher functioning, younger and experiencing lower
levels of psychotic like experiences than other trials. The significantly better treatment effect of NDRL on distress associated with psychotic
symptoms supports the recommendations for a stepped-care model of service delivery. This treatment approach would accommodate the younger UHR
population and facilitate timely intervention. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
Schizophrenia Research, 176(2-3) : 212-
219
- Year: 2016
- Problem: Psychosis Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT), Supportive
therapy
Rasmussen, S. A., Rosebush, P. I., Anglin, R. E., Mazurek, M. F.
Early antipsychotic response predicts outcomes for psychotic patients,
but recent evidence suggests that this may not be true for patients treated with olanzapine. In this study, we assessed the predictive value of early
response to olanzapine or haloperidol in 75 antipsychotic-naive, first-episode psychosis inpatients. Patients were assessed weekly using the Brief
Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), and Young Mania Rating Scale
(YMRS). Regression analyses were used to determine whether improvement at week 2 or week 3 predicted improvement at hospital discharge. The majority
of patients in both groups experienced a decrease in symptom severity of >=50% at week 2. In the haloperidol group, week 2 improvement predicted
improvement at discharge for all measures except the HAM-A. In the olanzapine group, week 2 improvement only predicted improvement at discharge for
HAM-D scores. However, week 3 improvement in the olanzapine group predicted improvement at discharge for all measures except the HAM-A. Olanzapine
non-responders at week 3 (but not week 2) benefited from having olanzapine switched to another antipsychotic. These results suggest that a 2 week
trial of haloperidol is sufficient to predict treatment outcomes, while a 3 week trial is required for olanzapine.
Psychiatry Research, 241 : 72-
7
- Year: 2016
- Problem: Psychosis Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: First episode (psychosis only)
-
Treatment and intervention: Biological Interventions
(any), Typical Antipsychotics (first generation), Atypical Antipsychotics (second
generation)
Montemagni, C., Frieri, T., Rocca, P.
Long-acting injectable antipsychotics
(LAIs) were developed to make treatment easier, improve adherence, and/or signal the clinician when nonadherence occurs. Second-generation
antipsychotic LAIs (SGA-LAIs) combine the advantages of SGA with a long-acting formulation. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the available
literature concerning the impact of SGA-LAIs on patient functioning and quality of life (QOL). Although several studies regarding schizophrenia
patients' functioning and QOL have been performed, the quantity of available data still varies greatly depending on the SGA-LAI under investigation.
After reviewing the literature, it seems that SGA-LAIs are effective in ameliorating patient functioning and/or QOL of patients with schizophrenia,
as compared with placebo. However, while methodological design controversy exists regarding the superiority of risperidone LAI versus oral
antipsychotics, the significant amount of evidence in recently published research demonstrates the beneficial influence of risperidone LAI on patient
functioning and QOL in stable patients and no benefit over oral treatment in unstable patients. However, the status of the research on SGA-LAIs is
lacking in several aspects that may help physicians in choosing the correct drug therapy. Meaningful differences have been observed between SGA-LAIs
in the onset of their clinical efficacy and in the relationships between symptoms and functioning scores. Moreover, head-to-head studies comparing
the effects of SGA-LAIs on classical measures of psychopathology and functioning are available mainly on risperidone LAI, while those comparing
olanzapine LAI with other SGA-LAIs are still lacking. Lastly, some data on their use, especially in first-episode or recent-onset schizophrenia and
in refractory or treatment-resistant schizophrenia, is available. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Neuropsychiatric Disease and
Treatment, 12 : 917-929
- Year: 2016
- Problem: Psychosis Disorders
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: First episode (psychosis only)
-
Treatment and intervention: Biological Interventions
(any), Atypical Antipsychotics (second
generation), Service Delivery & Improvement, Other service delivery and improvement
interventions
Pawelczyk, T., Grancow-Grabka, M., Kotlicka-Antczak, M., Trafalska, E., Pawelczyk, A.
Short-term clinical trials of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) as
add-on therapy in patients with schizophrenia revealed mixed results. The majority of these studies used an 8- to 12-week intervention based on
ethyl-eicosapentaenoic acid. A randomized placebo-controlled trial was designed to compare the efficacy of 26-week intervention, composed of either
2.2 g/day of n-3 PUFA, or olive oil placebo, with regard to symptom severity in first-episode schizophrenia patients. Seventy-one patients (aged 16-
35) were enrolled in the study and randomly assigned to the study arms. The primary outcome measure of the clinical evaluation was schizophrenia
symptom severity change measured by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Mixed models repeated measures analysis revealed significant
differences between the study arms regarding total PANSS score change favouring n-3 PUFA (p = 0.016; effect size (ES) = 0.29). A fifty-percent
improvement in symptom severity was achieved significantly more frequently in the n-3 PUFA group than in the placebo group (69.4 vs 40.0%; p =
0.017). N-3 PUFA intervention was also associated with an improvement in general psychopathology, measured by means of PANSS (p = 0.009; ES = 0.32),
depressive symptoms (p = 0.006; ES = 0.34), the level of functioning (p = 0.01; ES = 0.31) and clinical global impression (p = 0.046; ES = 0.29). The
findings suggest that 6-month intervention with n-3 PUFA may be a valuable add-on therapy able to decrease the intensity of symptoms and improve the
level of functioning in first-episode schizophrenia patients. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Journal of Psychiatric Research, 73 : 34-44
- Year: 2016
- Problem: Psychosis Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: First episode (psychosis only)
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Fish oil (Omega-3 fatty acids), Omega 3 fatty
acids (e.g. fish oil, flax oil)
O'Donnell, C. P., Allott, K. A., Murphy, B. P., Yuen, H. P., Proffitt, T. M., Papas,
A., Moral, J., Pham, T., O'Regan, M. K., Phassouliotis, C., Simpson, R., McGorry, P. D.
OBJECTIVE: Taurine is an inhibitory neuromodulatory amino acid in the central nervous system that activates the GABA- and
glycine-insensitive chloride channel and inhibits the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. It also functions as a neuroprotective agent and has a role in
neural development and neurogenesis. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of adjunctive taurine in improving symptomatology and
cognition among patients with a DSM-IV first-episode psychotic disorder.\rMETHODS: 121 patients with first-episode psychosis, aged 18-25 years,
attending early intervention services consented to participate in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted from January 2007
to May 2009. Patients taking low-dose antipsychotic medication were randomly assigned to receive once-daily taurine 4 g or placebo for 12 weeks. The
coprimary outcomes were change in symptomatology (measured by the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale [BPRS] total score) and change in cognition
(measured by the Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia [MATRICS] Consensus Cognitive Battery composite score) at
12 weeks. Secondary outcomes included tolerability and safety and additional clinical and functioning measures.\rRESULTS: 86 participants (n = 47
taurine; n = 39 placebo) were included in the final analysis. Taurine significantly improved symptomatology measured by the BPRS total score (95% CI,
1.8-8.5; P = .004) and psychotic subscale (95% CI, 0.1-1.5; P = .026) compared to placebo. Additionally, improvements were observed in the Calgary
Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (95% CI, 0.1-3.0; P = .047) and Global Assessment of Functioning (95% CI, 0.3-8.8; P = .04) scores. There was no
group difference in composite cognitive score (95% CI, -1.7 to 1.0; P = .582). A significant group difference was found on one safety and
tolerability item (psychic item 2, asthenia/lassitude/increased fatigability) of the Udvalg for Kliniske Undersogelser, with the taurine group
showing a more favorable outcome (P = .006).\rCONCLUSIONS: Adjunctive taurine did not improve cognition, but it appears to improve psychopathology in
patients with first-episode psychosis. The use of taurine warrants further investigation in larger randomized studies, particularly early in the
course of psychosis.\rTRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00420823.
Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 77(12) : e1610-e1617
- Year: 2016
- Problem: Psychosis Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: First episode (psychosis only)
-
Treatment and intervention: Biological Interventions
(any), Other biological interventions
Ngoc, T., Weiss, B., Trung, L.
Objective: Although psychoeducation has been found effective for improving the life functioning of
patients with schizophrenia in high income countries, there have been relatively few studies of schizophrenia psychoeducation adapted for low and
middle-income countries (LMIC), particularly in Southeast Asia. The present study assessed effects of the Family Schizophrenia Psychoeducation
Program (FSPP) among Vietnamese patients and their families on the patients' (1) quality of life and (2) medication non-compliance, and the family
and patients' (3) stigma towards schizophrenia, and (4) consumer satisfaction. Method: This intervention study involved 59 patients, and their
families, from the Da Nang Psychiatric Hospital, randomly assigned to treatment (n = 30) or control (n = 29) conditions. Control subjects received
services as usual (antipsychotic medication); treatment group subjects received the FSPP as well. Blind-rater assessments were conducted at T1
immediately after project enrollment (prior to participating in the FSPP) and at T2 six months later. Results: There were significant treatment
effects on: (1) quality of life, (2) stigma, (3) medication compliance, and (4) consumer satisfaction, with all effects favoring the treatment group.
Effect sizes were moderate to large. Conclusions: This psychoeducation program appears to reduce stigma, improve quality of life and medication
compliance, and increase consumer satisfaction of Vietnamese patients with schizophrenia and their families, beyond the effects of antipsychotic
medication. It involves relatively little cost, and it may be useful for it or equivalent programs to be implemented in other hospitals in Viet Nam,
and potentially other low-income Asian countries to improve the lives of patients with schizophrenia. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all
rights reserved)
Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 22 : 162-
166
- Year: 2016
- Problem: Psychosis Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Psychoeducation
Rosenbaum, S., Lederman, O., Stubbs, B., Vancampfort, D., Stanton, R., Ward, P. B.
Aims: To review intervention variables and outcomes of studies designed to increase
physical activity or exercise participation among people experiencing first-episode psychosis. Methods: A systematic review of electronic databases
was conducted from inception to November 2014. Results: Eleven eligible studies describing 12 interventions were included (n = 351; 14-35 years)
incorporating health coaching (n = 5), exercise prescriptions based on physiological parameters (e.g. heart rate) (n = 3), supervised, individually
tailored programmes (n = 2), an Internet-delivered intervention and a yoga intervention. The majority of the interventions were delivered over 12
weeks (n = 6) and in community settings (n = 11). Five studies assessed aerobic capacity (VO2 max or VO2 peak) and three studies assessed self-
reported physical activity levels. Conclusions: Considerable heterogeneity in the design, implementation and assessment of interventions was found.
There is an urgent need to better understand how physical activity can be increased in line with the internationally endorsed HeaL (Healthy Active
Lives) Declaration 5-year physical activity target. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 10(5) : 435-
440
- Year: 2016
- Problem: Psychosis Disorders
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: First episode (psychosis only)
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Physical activity, exercise
Lewandowski, K.
E.
The development
of cognitive remediation programs has been a key step toward the creation of a treatment approach to address the cognitive-symptom domain in
psychosis. Studies support the efficacy of cognitive remediation in producing moderate effects on cognition at the group level in patients with
schizophrenia. Cognitive remediation may harness neuroplasticity in relevant systems that underpin the cognitive functions being addressed. Since
neuroplasticity may be greater in people who (1) are younger and (2) have not yet experienced the consequences of long-term psychosis, cognitive
remediation may be particularly effective in people in the early course of illness or in the prodrome, prior to the onset of frank symptoms. The
present article reviews the evidence for implementing cognitive remediation in patients with recent-onset psychosis and people identified as being at
high risk for developing schizophrenia, and also the evidence for cognitive remediation to modify neural targets. Promising findings suggest that
cognitive remediation may be useful in addressing cognitive deficits in early-course and prodromal participants. Additionally, a growing literature
using neuroimaging techniques demonstrates the ability of cognitive remediation paradigms to engage neural targets.
Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 24(2) : 164-
72
- Year: 2016
- Problem: Psychosis Disorders
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention), First episode (psychosis only)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive remediation
therapy