Disorders - Eating Disorders
Wolfe, W. L., Patterson,
K.
Researchers have investigated the efficacy of a gratitude intervention for decreasing body dissatisfaction
(BD) in an internet treatment-seeking sample and demonstrated it worked equally well to decrease BD as cognitive restructuring. We extend this
research by testing the efficacy of a gratitude intervention on BD, along with common sequelae of BD: dysfunctional eating, negative mood, and
depressive symptoms. Females were randomly assigned to Gratitude, Cognitive Restructuring, or Control conditions. Pre- to post-intervention period
comparisons found the gratitude intervention to perform better than the other conditions at increasing body esteem, decreasing BD, reducing
dysfunctional eating, and reducing depressive symptoms. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
Eating Disorders: The Journal of Treatment & Prevention, 25(4) : 330-
344
- Year: 2017
- Problem: Eating Disorders
(any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT), Psychoeducation, Other Psychological Interventions, Self-help
Green, M., Willis, M., Fernandez-Kong,
K., Reyes, S., Linkhart, R., Johnson, M., Thorne,
T., Lindberg, J., Kroska, E., Woodward, H.
Objective: We conducted a controlled randomized preliminary trial of a modified dissonance-based eating disorder program (n = 24) compared
to an assessment-only control condition (n = 23) via a longitudinal design (baseline, postintervention, 2-month follow-up) in a community sample of
women (N = 47) with clinical (n = 22) and subclinical (n = 25) eating disorder symptoms. Method: The traditional content of the Body Project, a
dissonance-based eating disorder prevention program, was modified to include verbal, written, and behavioral exercises designed to dissuade self-
objectification and maladaptive social comparison. Women with clinical and subclinical symptoms were included in the target audience to investigate
both the treatment and the indicated prevention utility of the modified dissonance program. Body dissatisfaction, self-esteem, self-objectification,
thin-ideal internalization, maladaptive social comparison, trait anxiety, and eating disorder symptoms were evaluated in the control and the modified
dissonance condition at baseline, postintervention, and 2-month follow-up. Results: We predicted a statistically significant 2 (condition: control,
modified dissonance) x 3 (time: baseline, post intervention, 2-month follow-up) interaction in the mixed factorial multivariate analyses of variance
results. Results confirmed this hypothesis. Eating disorder risk factors and symptoms decreased significantly among participants in the modified
dissonance condition at postintervention and 2-month follow-up compared to baseline; symptom improvement was greater among participants in the
modified compared to the control condition. A secondary analysis indicated symptom improvement did not vary as a function of symptom status
(clinical, subclinical), suggesting the program is efficacious in both indicated prevention and treatment applications. Conclusion: Results provide
preliminary support for the modified dissonance program. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
Journal of Clinical Psychology, 73(12) : 1612-
1628
- Year: 2017
- Problem: Eating Disorders
(any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention), Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive dissonance
therapy
Diaz-Ferrer, S., Rodriguez-
Ruiz, S., Ortega-Roldan, B., Mata-Martin, J. L., Carmen-Fernandez-Santaella, M.
This study aimed to examine
the psychophysiological changes resulting from two mirror exposure treatments that are effective at reducing body dissatisfaction. Thirty-five
university women with body dissatisfaction and subclinical eating disorders were randomly assigned to one of two groups: pure (n =17) or guided
exposure (n =18). The participants received six sessions of treatment. Their thoughts, feelings and avoidance behaviours were assessed after each
session. Their subjective discomfort, heart rate and skin conductance were assessed within the sessions. Both groups showed improvement in
cognitive-affective and avoidance behaviour symptoms. Nevertheless, the pure exposure group showed faster habituation of subjective discomfort and a
greater physiological response than the guided exposure group. These findings suggest that both procedures are effective interventions for improving
body image disturbances, although psychophysiological changes observed within session suggest that each technique would act through different
processes. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
European Eating Disorders Review, 25(6) : 562-
569
- Year: 2017
- Problem: Eating Disorders
(any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Exposure therapy, Exposure
and response prevention
Laramee, C., Drapeau, V., Valois, P., Goulet, C., Jacob, R., Provencher, V., Lamarche, B.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of a theory-based intervention to reduce the
intention to use restrictive dietary behaviors for losing weight among adolescent female athletes involved in aesthetic sports.\rDESIGN: Cluster-
randomized controlled trial.\rSETTING: Aesthetic sport teams of adolescent female athletes aged 12-17 years.\rPARTICIPANTS: Two teams (n = 37
athletes) in the intervention group and 3 teams (n = 33) in the comparison group.\rINTERVENTIONS: The 2 groups received nutrition education during 3
weekly 60-minute sessions. The intervention group was further exposed to a theory-based intervention targeting the specific determinant of intention
to use restrictive dietary behaviors for losing weight, namely attitude.\rMAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Difference over time between groups in intention to
use restrictive dietary behaviors for losing weight and in nutrition knowledge.\rANALYSIS: Mixed models for repeated measures.\rRESULTS: The theory-
based intervention contributed to maintaining a low intention of using restrictive dietary behaviors for losing weight over time in the intervention
group compared with the comparison group (P < .03). Nutrition knowledge score increased equally in both groups.\rCONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS:
Complementing nutrition education with theory-based behavior change intervention may help maintain a low intention of using restrictive dietary
behaviors for losing weight among female high school athletes involved in aesthetic sports.
Journal of
Nutrition Education & Behavior, 49(6) : 497-504.e1
- Year: 2017
- Problem: Eating Disorders
(any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Psychoeducation, Other Psychological Interventions
Chithambo, T. P., Huey, S. J.
Objective:
The current study evaluated two web-based programs for eating disorder prevention in high-risk, predominantly ethnic minority women. Method: Two
hundred and seventy-one women with elevated weight concerns were randomized to Internet dissonance-based intervention (DBI-I), Internet cognitive-
behavioral intervention (CBI-I), or no intervention (NI). Both interventions consisted of four weekly online sessions. Participants were assessed at
pre- and post intervention. Outcome measures included eating pathology, body dissatisfaction, dieting, thin-ideal internalization, and depression.
Results: At postintervention, DBI-I and CBI-I led to greater reductions in body dissatisfaction, thin-ideal internalization, and depression than NI.
In addition, CBI-I was effective at reducing dieting and composite eating pathology relative to NI. No outcome differences were found between the
active conditions. Moderation analyses suggested that both active conditions were more effective for ethnic minorities than Whites relative to NI.
Discussion: Results suggest that both DBI-I and CBI-I are effective at reducing eating disorder risk factors in a high-risk, predominantly minority
population relative to no intervention. Copyright © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
International Journal of Eating
Disorders, 50(10) : 1142-1151
- Year: 2017
- Problem: Eating Disorders
(any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT), Cognitive dissonance
therapy, Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)
Brown, T. A., Forney, K. J., Pinner, D., Keel, P. K.
Objective: Pressures for men to conform to a lean, muscular ideal have, in part, contributed to eating disorder and
muscle dysmorphia symptoms, yet few programs have been developed and empirically evaluated to help men. This study investigated the acceptability and
efficacy of a cognitive dissonance-based (DB) intervention in reducing eating disorder and muscle dysmorphia risk factors in men with body
dissatisfaction. Method: Men were randomized to a two-session DB intervention (n = 52) or a waitlist control condition (n = 60). Participants
completed validated measures assessing eating disorder risk factors preintervention, postintervention, and at 1-month follow-up. Results: Program
ratings indicated high acceptability. The DB condition demonstrated greater decreases in body-ideal internalization, dietary restraint, bulimic
symptoms, drive for muscularity, and muscle dysmorphia symptoms compared with controls (p values <.02; between-condition Cohen's d =.30-1.11) from
pre- to postintervention. At one-month follow-up, the DB condition demonstrated significantly lower scores for all variables (p values <.03;
between-condition d =.29-1.16). Body-ideal internalization mediated intervention outcomes on bulimic and muscle dysmorphia symptoms. Discussion:
Results support the acceptability and efficacy of The Body Project: More Than Muscles up to 1-month postintervention and should be examined against
active control conditions. Copyright © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
International Journal of Eating Disorders, 50(8) : 873-
883
- Year: 2017
- Problem: Eating Disorders
(any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive dissonance
therapy
Cook-
Cottone, C., Talebkhah, K., Guyker, W., Keddie, E.
This study investigates outcomes of a revised version of a yoga-
based, eating disorder prevention program, targeting eating disorder risk factors, among fifth grade girls (i.e., Girls Growing in Wellness and
Balance: Yoga and Life Skills to Empower [GGWB]). The program is designed to decrease eating disorder risk factors and bolster self-care and includes
revisions not yet studied that extend the program to 14 weeks and enhance content addressing self-care. Efficacy was assessed using a controlled,
repeated measures design. Results indicate that participation in the GGWB program significantly decreases drive for thinness and body dissatisfaction
while significantly increasing self-care when compared to a control group. As expected, the program did not have significant effects on eating
disordered behaviour likely due to low baseline rates among participants. Implications of findings as well as directions for future research on
prevention are discussed. Copyright © 2017 Taylor & Francis.
Eating Disorders, 25(5) : 392-
405
- Year: 2017
- Problem: Eating Disorders
(any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions, Mind-body exercises (e.g. yoga, tai chi, qigong), Relaxation
Depestele, L., Claes,
L., Dierckx, E., Colman, R., Schoevaerts, K., Lemmens, G. M. D.
This study reports on a pilot study of a family group intervention with or without patient participation adjunctive to a
specialized inpatient treatment for eating disorders (EDs). Participants were 112 female adolescent ED inpatients and one or both of their parents.
The parents were invited to participate in an adjunctive multi-family group with patient (MFT) or in a similar multi-parent group without patient
participation (MPT). Questionnaires assessing ED symptoms, family functioning and caregiving experiences were administered before and after
intervention. Post-intervention results obtained from both patient and parent(s) indicated that improvement in ED symptoms and parental burden
occurred after both types of interventions. Family functioning improved differently according to the informant: fathers reported an improvement of
general family functioning, patients reported an improvement of problem solving and mothers reported a decrease in problem solving across both
formats. This study emphasized the importance of including a multi-informant approach in family interventions. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons,
Ltd and Eating Disorders Association. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
European Eating Disorders Review, 25(6) : 570-
578
- Year: 2017
- Problem: Eating Disorders
(any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Family therapy
Eickman, L., Betts, J., Pollack, L., Bozsik, F., Beauchamp, M., Lundgren, J.
Short-term outcomes associated with participation in REbeL, a peer-led dissonance-based eating disorder prevention program for high
school students, were evaluated. Seventy-one students across the three high schools were enrolled in the study (REbeL N = 48; Control N = 23) and
were assessed on measures of eating attitudes and behaviors, body image, weight bias, self-esteem, empowerment, and mood at the beginning of the
school year; 37 REbeL students and 20 control students completed assessments at the end of the school year. Mixed effects GLM compared groups on
outcomes at the end of the academic year. When controlling for baseline scores, students in both REbeL schools, compared to control school students,
demonstrated statistically significantly lower scores at post-test on the EDE-Q Global score, the EDE-Q Restraint, Eating Concern, Shape Concern and
Weight Concern subscales, and the Body Checking Questionnaire (all ps < .05). This study provides preliminary empirical support for the REbeL
program. Copyright © 2017 Taylor & Francis
Eating Disorders, : 1-16
- Year: 2017
- Problem: Eating Disorders
(any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive dissonance
therapy
Gledhill, L. J., Cornelissen, K.
K., Cornelissen, P. L., Penton-Voak, I. S., Munafo, M. R., Tovee, M. J.
OBJECTIVES: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is
a life-threatening mental health condition. A core feature is a disturbance of body image, such that sufferers see themselves as fatter than they
actually are.\rDESIGN: We tested the effectiveness of a novel training programme to recalibrate our participants' perception of body size.\rMETHODS:
In a novel adaptation of a cognitive bias training programme, participants judged the body size of a series of female bodies and were given feedback
to improve their accuracy over four daily training sessions. In Study 1, we recruited young women with high concerns about their body size for a
randomized controlled study. In Study 2, we then applied the training programme to a case series of women with atypical AN.\rRESULTS: In Study 1, the
training programme significantly improved the body size judgements of women with high body concerns compared to controls. We also found evidence of
improved body image and reduced eating concerns in this group. In Study 2, the programme again recalibrated the body size judgements of women with
atypical AN. We also saw evidence of a clinically meaningful reduction in their body size and eating-disordered concerns.\rCONCLUSIONS: This training
has the potential to be a valuable treatment used together with more traditional talking therapies. Statement of contribution What is already known
on this subject? A core feature of anorexia nervosa (AN) is an overestimation of body size; sufferers believe themselves to be larger than they are
in reality. This study shows that an individual's perceptual boundary between what they classify as a fat versus a thin body is not immutable; it
can be changed through a cognitive bias training programme. What does this study add? This means that body size overestimation may now be treatable.
Critically, as well as improving the accuracy of body size judgements, we also found a clinically significant improvement in participants' eating-
disordered concerns. This demonstrates that a targeted behavioural training regime can change body perception, and the central role that body
overestimation has in eating-disordered beliefs.\rCopyright © 2016 The Authors. British Journal of Health Psychology published by John Wiley & Sons
Ltd on behalf of the British Psychological Society.
British journal of health psychology, 22(1) : 60-
76
- Year: 2017
- Problem: Eating Disorders
(any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Attention/cognitive bias
modification, Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)
Green, M. A., Willis, M., Fernandez-Kong, K., Reyes, S., Linkhart, R., Johnson, M., Thorne, T., Kroska, E., Woodward, H., Lindberg, J.
Objective: We conducted a randomized, controlled
preliminary trial to examine the effect of a dissonance-based eating disorder program on eating disorder symptoms and cardiac risk indices in a
community sample of women with subclinical and clinical symptoms (N = 47), examining the efficacy of the program in both the indicated prevention and
treatment realms. Method: Eating disorder symptoms, body mass index, and biomarkers of cardiac risk were examined in dissonance and assessment-only
control conditions at baseline, postintervention, and 2-month follow-up. Specifically, we assessed mean R wave amplitude, QT interval length, vagal
tone (high frequency spectral power of heart rate variability), and sympathetic tone (low/high frequency spectral power ratio) via electocardiography
(ECG) at each assessment period. Results: We predicted a statistically significant 2 (condition: control, dissonance) x 3 (time: baseline,
postintervention, 2-month follow-up) interaction in the mixed factorial MANOVA results. Results confirmed this hypothesis. Eating disorder symptoms
and cardiac risk indices decreased significantly among participants in the dissonance condition at postintervention and 2-month follow-up compared
with baseline. Conclusion: Results provide support for the efficacy of a dissonance-based program in the reduction of eating disorder symptoms and
cardiac risk indices among women with subclinical and clinical eating disorder symptoms. Findings establish the efficaciousness of this dissonance-
based approach in the indicated prevention and treatment realms and establish its efficacy in reducing cardiac risk indicators. (PsycINFO Database
Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
Health Psychology, 36(4) : 346-
355
- Year: 2017
- Problem: Eating Disorders
(any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention), Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive dissonance
therapy
Gumz, A., Weigel, A., Daubmann, A., Wegscheider, K., Romer, G., Lowe, B.
Background: Previous prevention programs in the school context have not addressed both genders,
have been time-consuming, or have had deficits in the evaluation method. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of a universal
prevention program for female and male adolescents on eating disorder pathology and related risk factors. Methods: Between February 2012 and July
2014, 2515 students in 23 schools from 8th or 11th grade were assessed for eligibility in this longitudinal cluster-randomized controlled trial with
a six months follow-up. Of those students, 2342 were cluster-randomized to the intervention condition which received a six school hours universal
prevention program or to the no treatment control condition. Results: The complete case population comprised 724 students in the intervention (54.3%
female, M = 14.3 years, SD = 1.61) and 728 in the control condition (57.0% female, M = 14.7 years, SD = 1.63). Random-effects analysis of covariance
on the primary outcome showed no significant differences between the intervention and control groups in their eating disorder pathology change scores
six months after the intervention. Regarding secondary outcomes, participants in the intervention group showed a greater increase in knowledge about
eating disorders both after the intervention (p < .001, ES = 1.06) and six months later (p = .01, ES = 0.40). Greater reductions in anxiety severity
were observed in the intervention group post-intervention (p = .02, ES = 0.22) which was not maintained at the six months follow-up. Results differed
between participants from grade 8 and 11. Conclusion: The present universal prevention program can be particularly recommended for adolescents from
grade 11. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
BMC Psychiatry Vol 17 2017, ArtID
293, 17 :
- Year: 2017
- Problem: Eating Disorders
(any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions