Disorders - Eating Disorders
Fairburn, C. G., Bailey-Straebler, S., Basden, S., Doll,
H. A., Jones, R., Murphy, R., O'Connor, M. E., Cooper, Z.
Eating disorders may be viewed from a transdiagnostic perspective and
there is evidence supporting a transdiagnostic form of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT-E). The aim of the present study was to compare CBT-E with
interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT), a leading alternative treatment for adults with an eating disorder. One hundred and thirty patients with any form
of eating disorder (body mass index >17.5 to <40.0) were randomized to either CBT-E or IPT. Both treatments involved 20 sessions over 20 weeks
followed by a 60-week closed follow-up period. Outcome was measured by independent blinded assessors. Twenty-nine participants (22.3%) did not
complete treatment or were withdrawn. At post-treatment 65.5% of the CBT-E participants met criteria for remission compared with 33.3% of the IPT
participants (p < 0.001). Over follow-up the proportion of participants meeting criteria for remission increased, particularly in the IPT condition,
but the CBT-E remission rate remained higher (CBT-E 69.4%, IPT 49.0%; p = 0.028). The response to CBT-E was very similar to that observed in an
earlier study. The findings indicate that CBT-E is potent treatment for the majority of outpatients with an eating disorder. IPT remains an
alternative to CBT-E, but the response is less pronounced and slower to be expressed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved)
(journal abstract).
Behaviour Research & Therapy, 70 : 64-71
- Year: 2015
- Problem: Eating Disorders
(any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT), Interpersonal therapy (IPT)
Diedrichs, P. C., Atkinson, M. J., Steer,
R. J., Garbett, K. M., Rumsey, N., Halliwell, E.
This study evaluated a
90-min single session school-based body image intervention (Dove Confident Me: Single Session), and investigated if delivery could be task-shifted to
teachers. British adolescents (N = 1707; 11-13 years; 50.83% girls) participated in a cluster randomised controlled trial [lessons as usual control;
intervention teacher-led (TL); intervention researcher-led (RL)]. Body image, risk factors, and psychosocial and disordered eating outcomes were
assessed 1-week pre-intervention, immediate post-intervention, and 4-9.5 weeks follow-up. Multilevel mixed-models showed post-intervention
improvements for intervention students relative to control in body esteem (TL; girls only), negative affect (TL), dietary restraint (TL; girls only),
eating disorder symptoms (TL), and life engagement (TL; RL). Awareness of sociocultural pressures increased at post-intervention (TL). Effects were
small-medium in size (ds 0.19-0.76) and were not maintained at follow-up. There were no significant differences between conditions at post or
follow-up on body satisfaction, appearance comparisons, teasing, appearance conversations and self-esteem. The intervention had short-term benefits
for girls' body image and dietary restraint, and for eating disorder symptoms and some psychosocial outcomes among girls and boys. A multi-session
version of the intervention is likely to be necessary for sustained improvements. Teachers can deliver this intervention effectively with minimal
training, indicating broader scale dissemination is feasible. Trial registration: ISRCTN16782819.
Behaviour Research & Therapy, 74 : 94-
104
- Year: 2015
- Problem: Eating Disorders
(any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Psychoeducation, Other Psychological Interventions
Hart, L. M., Cornell, C., Damiano, S. R., Paxton, S. J.
Objective: To systematically review the literature on interventions
involving parents that aim to prevent body dissatisfaction or eating disorders in children, and provide directions for future research by
highlighting current gaps. Method The literature was searched for articles using key concepts: parents, prevention and eating disorders or disordered
eating or body dissatisfaction. All English language publications between 1992 and 2013 were searched across a range of academic databases. Studies
were reviewed if they: (i) delivered an intervention designed to reduce eating disorders or body dissatisfaction or their risk factors, in children
or adolescents; (ii) provided some intervention component for parents; and (iii) included some outcome measure of intervention effectiveness on
disordered eating or body dissatisfaction. A scoring matrix based on the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) screening questions was used to
assess each study's sample representativeness, relevance and data quality. Results From 647 novel records uncovered by the search, 20 separate
studies met inclusion criteria. The CASP scoring matrix revealed eight studies provided no relevant data, four relevant and eight highly relevant
data on the effects of involving parents in prevention programs. Two of four high-quality studies reported that parental involvement significantly
improved child outcomes on measures of body dissatisfaction or disordered eating. Discussion Although a greater focus on engaging and retaining
parents is needed, this review demonstrates that a small number of prevention studies with parents have led to significant reductions in risk of body
image and eating problems, and future research is indicated.
International Journal of Eating Disorders, 48(2) : 157-
169
- Year: 2015
- Problem: Eating Disorders
(any)
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Universal prevention, At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions
Horney, A. C., Stice, E., Rohde, P.
Numerous trials provide support for the Body Project, an eating disorder prevention program wherein young women with
body image concerns critique the thin ideal. Despite medium to large effects, some participants subsequently develop an eating disorder, suggesting
that intervention or recruitment procedures could be improved. This study investigated baseline and acute intervention predictors of DSM-5 eating
disorder development during a 3-year follow-up among Body Project participants. Combined data from two trials compare participants who experienced
eating disorder onset during follow-up (n?=?20) to those who did not (n?=?216). Participants who did versus did not develop an eating disorder
started the intervention with higher eating disorder symptoms (? (2)?=?0.08), negative affect (? (2)?=?0.06), thin-ideal internalization (? (2)?=?
0.02), and body dissatisfaction (? (2)?=?0.02); the same baseline predictors of eating disorder onset emerged in controls. Attenuated pre-post
reductions in eating disorder symptoms (? (2)?=?0.01) predicted eating disorder onset but not after controlling for baseline levels. Given that Body
Project and control participants who later developed an eating disorder started with initial elevations in risk factors and eating disorder symptoms,
it might be useful to develop a more intensive variant of this program for those exhibiting greater risk at baseline and to deliver the prevention
program earlier to prevent initial escalation of risk. The fact that nonresponders also showed greater negative affect and eating disorder symptoms
suggests that it might be useful to add activities to improve affect and increase dissonance about disordered eating.;
Prevention Science, 16(4) : 518-
526
- Year: 2015
- Problem: Eating Disorders
(any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Psychoeducation, Cognitive dissonance
therapy
Kilpela, L., DeBoer, L. B., Alley, M. C., Presnell, K., McGinley, J. W., Becker, C.
Black
Research regarding different learning schedules is equivocal. Learning theory suggests that distributed learning may
better facilitate long-term maintenance of behaviour change [Bouton, M. (2000). A learning theory perspective on lapse, relapse, and the maintenance
of behavior change. Health Psychology: Special Issue: Maintenance of Behavior Change in Cardiorespiratory Risk Reduction, 19, 57-63]. Alternatively,
some research suggests that massed-intensive content delivery can be as beneficial as distributed delivery [e.g. Rogojanski, J., & Rego, S. A.
(2013). Advances and controversies in the application of a modified version of cognitive behavior therapy for social anxiety disorder. Pragmatic Case
Studies in Psychotherapy, 9(3), 337-346]. The present study compared two versions of a cognitive dissonance (CD)-based eating disorders (EDs)
prevention programme. CD interventions target ED risk factors via an interactive format with content spread over multiple sessions, and have
demonstrated both efficacy and effectiveness across numerous trials. We randomised female undergraduates (N = 73) to either four 1-hour sessions over
four weeks (4SV), or two 2-hour sessions over two weeks (2SV). The versions were identical in content and total intervention time. Results indicated
that both conditions showed similar rates of improvement in ED risk factors and symptoms through a 12-month follow-up, with the exception of thin-
ideal internalisation, where results suggested a possible advantage of the 4SV for long-term, but not short-term, gain. Therefore, findings suggest
that entities implementing CD are able to select the format that best fits their needs without significantly compromising the positive impact of the
programme. Implications regarding the dissemination benefits of a flexible programme format that maintains effectiveness are discussed. (PsycINFO
Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Advances in Eating Disorders, 3(1) : 34-
47
- Year: 2015
- Problem: Eating Disorders
(any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive dissonance
therapy
Linville, D., Cobb,
E.., Lenee-Bluhm, T., Lopez-Zeron, G., Gau, J. M., Stice, E.
Objective:
To conduct a pilot effectiveness trial of a brief dissonance-based eating disorder preventative program, the Body Project, when implemented at
primary care medical clinics. Method: Sixty-six female adolescents between the ages of 13 and 17 who reported at least some body image
dissatisfaction were recruited at two primary care clinics and randomized to Body Project groups or an educational video control condition; eating
disorder risk factors and symptoms were measured at pretest, posttest, and 3-month follow-up. Results: Body Project versus educational video control
participants showed significantly greater reductions in thin-ideal internalization, pressure to be thin, dieting, and eating disorder symptoms at
posttest, which were medium to large effect sizes. Body Project participants also showed greater decreases in body dissatisfaction and negative
affect at posttest, though these moderate sized effects were not significant. Effects persisted through 3-month follow-up. Conclusion: Average pre-
post effect sizes (d = 0.58) compare favorably to those observed in past Body Project efficacy (average d = 0.59) and effectiveness trials (average
ds of 0.43 and 0.69), suggesting that primary care clinics may represent a novel venue for offering and extending the reach of this eating disorder
prevention program.
Behaviour Research & Therapy, 75 : 32-39
- Year: 2015
- Problem: Eating Disorders
(any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Psychoeducation, Cognitive dissonance
therapy
Mora, M., Penelo, E., Gutierrez, T., Espinoza, P., Gonzalez, M. L., Raich, R. M.
Aims. To evaluate the long-term effects of two school-based prevention programs
administered to a universal mixed-sex sample of school-going adolescents on disturbed eating attitudes, aesthetic ideal internalization, and other
eating disorder risk factors, when compared to a control group. Methods. Participants were 200 adolescents aged 12-15 selected by means of incidental
sampling from second-year compulsory secondary education at schools. An interactive multimedia media literacy program (ML + NUT, Media Literacy and
Nutrition) and a program focused on the same topics using dramatic arts (Theatre Alive) were applied and compared with a control group. Pretest,
posttest (1 month later), and 5- and 13-month follow-up measurements were taken. Analyses were conducted with two-way mixed 3 × 3 ANCOVA (group ×
phase) adjusted by baseline levels, body mass index, and sex. Results. Participants in both experimental groups showed significantly higher self-
esteem scores than the control group over time. The ML + NUT group also presented lower aesthetic ideal internalization scores than the control
group. Discussion. Both programs can benefit students' self-esteem. Moreover, ML + NUT program was useful in reducing thin-ideal internalization.
However, differences in body dissatisfaction and disordered eating attitudes were not found. The programs may be protective on the core psychological
variables, which are essential to adaptive adolescent development.
Scientific World
Journal, 2015 :
- Year: 2015
- Problem: Eating Disorders
(any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions, Dietary advice, dietary change
Nehmy, T. J., Wade, T. D.
Objective: The aim of the
current study was to evaluate a prevention program targeting unhelpful perfectionism and self-compassion, designed to prevent growth of negative
affect (NA). Method: Four schools participated in the research, where grade levels were allocated to either the intervention (\". Healthy Minds\") or
the control condition (N=688 individuals; mean age 14.90 years), and assessments occurred at baseline, post-intervention, and 6- and 12-month
follow-up. Results: There were no significant between group differences at post-intervention but at 6-month follow-up the intervention group had
significantly lower unhelpful perfectionism, self-criticism and NA than the controls. Only significant between-group differences in unhelpful
perfectionism were retained at 12-month follow-up (Cohen's d=.24). Examination of the sub-group lower in NA at baseline showed the intervention
group was significantly less likely to have elevated NA at 6-month follow-up than controls, indicating a prevention effect. Discussion: The effects
obtained in the current study provide support for the utility of a perfectionism intervention for reducing transdiagnostic outcomes, including
unhelpful perfectionism, self-judgment, and NA, and preventing the growth of NA. Ways of producing longer terms effects for NA need to be further
investigated, as does the impact of the intervention on different types of psychopathology. Trial registration: ACTRN12614000650695.
Behaviour Research & Therapy, 67 : 55-
63
- Year: 2015
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders, Eating Disorders
(any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Psychoeducation, Other Psychological Interventions
Tillman, K. S., Sell, D. M., Yates, L. A., Mueller, N.
This study investigated the effectiveness of on-
campus programming for National Eating Disorder Awareness Week at increasing knowledge of available treatment options and help-seeking intentions for
participants with low and high levels of eating concerns. Program attendees were approached as they entered the space reserved for programming and
were asked to participate in the study. One hundred thirty-six college students completed the study questionnaire both immediately before attending
programming (pre-test) and immediately after attending programming (post-test). Results indicate that after programming both populations reported
significantly greater knowledge of on-campus resources and help-seeking intentions for themselves. Only low eating concern participants reported
significantly increased help-seeking intentions for a friend. Psychoeducational programming for eating disorders can be effective at increasing
access to treatment and encouraging help seeking behaviors for students.
Eating Behaviors, 19 : 133-138
- Year: 2015
- Problem: Eating Disorders
(any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Psychoeducation
Saekow, J., Jones, M., Gibbs, E., Jacobi, C., Fitzsimmons-Craft, E. E., Wilfley, D., Barr-Taylor, C.
Objective: Eating disorders and subclinical eating disorders are serious and disabling diseases with high prevalence rates on college
campuses. Many symptomatic students are never screened nor formally diagnosed with an eating disorder and do not receive mental health treatment.
Method: This pilot study examines the feasibility, acceptability, and short-term efficacy of a 10-week online intervention, StudentBodies-Eating
Disorders, designed to reduce eating disorder symptoms, related psychopathology, and weight and shape concerns. A total of 65 participants were
randomized to the online intervention or waitlist control. Results: Results indicate that for study completers, the intervention had large effects
for reduction of eating-related psychopathology (. d=. 1.5), weight concerns (. d=. .7), and psychosocial impairment (. d=. .7). Those who completed
it rated the program very acceptable. This pilot study suggests the potential efficacy of StudentBodies-Eating Disorders as a self-help intervention
for subclinical eating disorders in a non-clinical setting.
Internet Interventions, 2(4) : 419-
428
- Year: 2015
- Problem: Eating Disorders
(any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT), Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)
Spettigue, W., Maras, D., Obeid, N., Henderson, K. A., Buchholz, A., Gomez, R., Norris, M. L.
This study evaluated the efficacy of a 2-
hour psycho-education session combined with bi-weekly telephone support in increasing parent/caregiver knowledge about eating disorders, increasing
self-efficacy by empowering parents to support their child's recovery, and decreasing the impact of eating disorder symptoms on the family. The
intervention was targeted at parents/caregivers whose child was waiting to be assessed for an eating disorder. Participants included 51
parents/caregivers and 36 youths. The brief intervention successfully increased parent/caregiver knowledge of the illness, feelings of self-efficacy,
and help-seeking behaviors. These findings are clinically useful as waiting lists are common in Canada. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2015 APA, all
rights reserved) (journal abstract).
Eating Disorders, 23(1) : 60-
75
- Year: 2015
- Problem: Eating Disorders
(any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Psychoeducation, Other Psychological Interventions
Zapata, M. A., Ruiz-Lazaro, P. M., Calvo, A. I., Villas, E., Calvo, D.
Introduction: The ZARIMA programme
has proved to be effective when evaluated scientifically (result in a decrease statistically significant in the incidence of eating disorders in
intervention group) at the 1 year follow-up using standardized methods. Objective: Selective prevention of Eating Disorders (ED) in adolescents.
Methods: Randomised controlled trial with measurements pre- and post-intervention. Sample: During the 2007, 1,558 students seventh-grade in 29
schools of North of Spain were randomly assigned to intervention (IG) and control groups (CG).Workwas effected with ZARIMAprogramme. The intervention
is financed by F.I.S. PI 05/2533. Results: At baseline in 2007 we studied 1,558 students seventh-grade in 73 classrooms. In IG we studied 84/921, the
9.12 % (CI 95 % 7.386-11.111), were classified at risk of ED and in CG 92/892, the 10.31 % (CI 95 % 8.444-12.441). The difference is estimated as
0.012, was not significant. In 2008, at 12-month follow-up, we studied 1,633 students eighth-grade (response rate: 90.1 % 2007). In IG 37/825, the
4.48 % (CI 95 % 3.224-6.065), were classified at risk of ED and in 51/807, the 6.32 % (CI 95 % 4.791-8.161). The difference is estimated as 0.018,
was significant (IC 90 % 0.00112 a 0.03568 CONFINT 3.0 PEPI, Abramson and Gahlinger, 1993-1999). Conclusion: At 12-month follow-up ED risk decrease
in IG (specially in girls) more than in CG. The difference between two population proportions (IG and CG students classified at risk of ED, high
scorers EAT-26) was significant.
European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 24(1) : S85
- Year: 2015
- Problem: Eating Disorders
(any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions