Disorders - Eating Disorders
Cororve Fingeret, Michelle, Warren, Cortney S., Cepeda-Benito, Antonio, Gleaves, David H.
Eating disorder prevention programs have yielded mixed results and are somewhat controversial, primarily because of claims they may
produce iatrogenic effects. We used meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of eating disorder prevention programs and investigate moderators of
intervention effects. Overall, prevention programs had large effects on improving knowledge and small net effects on reducing maladaptive eating
attitudes and behaviors. Studies targeting participants at a relatively higher risk for developing an eating disorder produced greater benefits.
Concerns about iatrogenic effects of including psychoeducational material on eating disorders were not supported by the data. These findings
challenge conclusions drawn in previous review articles regarding the ineffectiveness of prevention programs and support the ability of eating
disorder prevention programs to demonstrate behavioral improvements.
Brunner-Mazel Eating Disorders
Monograph Series, 14(3) : 191-213
- Year: 2006
- Problem: Eating Disorders
(any)
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Universal prevention, At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any)
Becker, C. B., Smith, L. M., Ciao, A. C.
The authors investigated the effectiveness of 2 interventions in reducing eating
disorder risk factors under naturalistic conditions in sororities. On the basis of previous research, the campus sororities chose to implement a
semimandatory, 2-session eating disorder prevention program to all new sorority members (N = 90) during sorority orientation. To facilitate
evaluation, sororities agreed to random assignment of new members to either a cognitive dissonance or a media advocacy intervention. Undergraduate
peer facilitators ran the groups. Although both interventions had an effect, cognitive dissonance generally was superior at 8-month follow-up.
Results further support the utility of cognitive dissonance in reducing eating disorder risk factors and suggest that nondoctoral-level leaders can
deliver the program. Results also indicate that a semimandatory format does not reduce effectiveness. Copyright 2006 by the American Psychological
Association.
Journal of Counseling Psychology., 53(4) : 550-555
- Year: 2006
- Problem: Eating Disorders
(any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions, Cognitive dissonance
therapy
Becker, C. B., Smith, L.
M., Ciao, A. C.
Although sororities are often perceived as contributing to eating-disordered behavior, limited research has investigated eating
disorders in sorority members. The purpose of this study was to investigate the utility of a highly interactive cognitive dissonance prevention
program in reducing empirically supported risk factors in sorority members. Members (N = 149) were randomized to the highly interactive intervention,
a more passive intervention, or wait-list. Results indicated that both interventions reduced dietary restraint, body dissatisfaction, and eating
disorder pathology. Only the highly interactive group reduced thin-ideal internalization as compared to wait-list. Exploratory analyses also
indicated that interventions were beneficial to both lower- and higher-risk members. Taken together, results suggest that sororities are a viable
population to target in the prevention of eating disorders. copyright 2005 the Association for Advancement of Behavior Therapy. All rights
reserved.
Behavior Therapy., 36(3) : 245-
253
- Year: 2005
- Problem: Eating Disorders
(any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions, Cognitive dissonance
therapy
Austin, S. Bryn, Field, Alison E., Wiecha, Jean, Peterson, Karen E., Gortmaker, Steven L.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of an obesity prevention intervention on use of self-induced vomiting/laxatives (purging) and diet pills to
control weight in girls in early adolescence. DESIGN: We matched and randomly assigned 10 middle schools to an intervention or a control condition in
a randomized controlled trial. Longitudinal multivariable analyses using generalized estimating equations were conducted with data from 480 girls to
examine the effects of the intervention on the risk of reporting a new case of purging or diet pill use to control weight at follow-up 21 months
later, while controlling for ethnicity and school matched pairs. Girls who reported purging or using diet pills at baseline were excluded from
analyses. SETTING: Middle schools. PARTICIPANTS: Four hundred eighty girls in early adolescence aged 10 to 14 years (mean age, 11.5 years).
INTERVENTION: The Planet Health obesity prevention program was implemented during 2 school years and was designed to promote healthful nutrition and
physical activity and to reduce television viewing. OUTCOME: Reduced risk of using self-induced vomiting/laxatives or diet pills to control weight in
the past 30 days. RESULTS: After the intervention, we found 14 (6.2%) of 226 girls in control schools and 7 (2.8%) of 254 girls in intervention
schools reported purging or using diet pills to control their weight (P = .003). In a multivariable generalized estimating equation model, girls in
intervention schools were less than half as likely to report purging or using diet pills at follow-up compared with girls in control schools (odds
ratio, 0.41; 95% confidence interval, 0.22-0.75). CONCLUSION: These findings provide promising evidence that school-based interventions may
effectively integrate prevention of both obesity and disordered weight-control behaviors.
Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 159(3) : 225-
30
- Year: 2005
- Problem: Eating Disorders
(any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Dietary advice, dietary change
Ghaderi, A., Martensson, M., Schwan, H.
The aim of the present study was to assess the efficacy and
effectiveness of the primary prevention program \"Everybody's Different\" among fifth grade school children. Pre and post measurements were made in
both the intervention and control groups regarding body image, weight concern, emotional well-being, attitudes and behaviors associated with
disordered eating, self-esteem, anxiety, and depression. The study did not result in any significant improvements regarding self-esteem, eating
attitudes, or body image. The prevention program does not seem to be effective for children in grade five in its present form. Further research on
and development of primary prevention programs is needded. Copyright copyright 2005 Taylor & Francis.
Eating Disorders., 13(3) : 245-
259
- Year: 2005
- Problem: Eating Disorders
(any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions
Green, Melinda, Scott,
Norman, Diyankova, Irina, Gasser, Courtney, Pederson, Erin
The purpose of this experiment was to provide an empirical comparison of two dissonance-based eating disorder
prevention paradigms and a no-treatment control condition. Asymptomatic and symptomatic participants (N = 155) were randomly assigned to one of three
experimental conditions: high level dissonance, low level dissonance, or no-treatment control. Group x symptomatic status interactions, main effects,
and pairwise comparisons were examined to assess differences in eating disorder attitudes and behaviors at postintervention and 4-week follow-up.
Participants in the high level condition displayed fewer eating disorder attitudes and behaviors compared to participants in the low level condition
at postintervention. Eating disorder attitudes and behaviors were not significantly lower among participants in either intervention condition
compared to no-treatment control participants. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).
Eating Disorders, 13(2) : 157-
169
- Year: 2005
- Problem: Eating Disorders
(any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention, At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive dissonance
therapy
Franko, D. L., Villapiano, M., Davidson, M. M., Hamilton, E., Mintz, L. B., Green, T. C., Mainelli, D., Folensbee, L., Butler, S. F., Little, D., Kearns, M., Budman, S. H.
Food, Mood, and Attitude (FMA) is a CD-ROM prevention program developed to decrease risk for eating disorders
in college women. Female 1st-year students (N = 240) were randomly assigned to the intervention (FMA) or control group. Equal numbers of students at
risk and of low risk for developing an eating disorder were assigned to each condition. Participants in the FMA condition improved on all measures
relative to controls. Significant 3-way interactions (Time X Condition X Risk Status) were found on measures of internalization of sociocultural
attitudes about thinness, shape concerns, and weight concerns, indicating that at-risk participants in the intervention group improved to a greater
extent than did low-risk participants. At follow-up, significantly fewer women in the FMA group reported overeating and excessive exercise relative
to controls. Copyright 2005 by the American Psychological Association.
Health Psychology., 24(6) : 567-578
- Year: 2005
- Problem: Eating Disorders
(any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention, At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions, Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)
Kong, Seongsook
AIM: This paper reports a randomized controlled trial to
compare the effects of day treatment programmes for patients with eating disorders with those of traditional outpatient treatment. BACKGROUND: Eating
disorders are common, especially in adolescents, and their worldwide prevalence is increasing. Treatment interventions for patients with eating
disorders have traditionally been offered on an outpatient or inpatient basis, but the recent introduction of day hospital programmes offers the
possibility of greater cost-effectiveness and relapse-prevention for this population. METHODS: Volunteers from an outpatient clinic for eating
disorders were randomly assigned either to a treatment group (n = 21), participating in a modified day treatment programme based on the Toronto Day
Hospital Program, or to a control group (n = 22) receiving a traditional outpatient programme of interpersonal psychotherapy, cognitive behaviour
therapy and pharmacotherapy. Data were collected from January to December 2002 using the Eating Disorder Examination, Eating Disorder Inventory-2,
Beck Depression Inventory, and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. RESULTS: Participants in the day treatment programme showed significantly greater
improvements on most psychological symptoms of the Eating Disorder Inventory-2, frequency of binging and purging, body mass index, depression and
self-esteem scores than the control group. They also showed significant improvement in perfectionism, but the group difference was not significant.
CONCLUSION: Nurses in day treatment programmes can play various and important roles establishing a therapeutic alliance between patient and carer in
the initial period of treatment. In addition, the cognitive and behavioural work that is vital to a patient's recovery, that is, dealing with food
issues, weight issues and self-esteem, is most effectively provided by a nurse therapist who maintains an empathic involvement with the patient.
Journal of Advanced Nursing, 51(1) : 5-
14
- Year: 2005
- Problem: Eating Disorders
(any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Other service delivery and improvement
interventions
Weiss, K., Wertheim, E. H.
A prevention program for disordered eating was evaluated. Grade 9 girls (N = 173) were assigned to a
prevention intervention (n = 114) or a no-treatment control group (n = 59). High-risk, but not low-risk, girls reported significant improvements in
body dissatisfaction, drive for thinness, and interoceptive awareness at post-intervention. These changes were not maintained at three-month follow-
up, although nonsignificant trends were still apparent for high-risk girls. Individual session analyses indicated that the program was rated
positively overall. The importance of assessing effects of programs on different recipient types is discussed. Copyright copyright 2005 Taylor &
Francis.
Eating Disorders., 13(2) : 143-156
- Year: 2005
- Problem: Eating Disorders
(any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention, At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Psychoeducation
Stice, Eric, Shaw, Heather
This meta-analysis of eating disorder prevention programs found that
intervention effects ranged from an absence of any effects to reductions in current and future eating pathology. Certain effects persisted as long as
2 years and were superior to minimal-intervention control conditions. Larger effects occurred for selected (vs. universal), interactive (vs.
didactic), and multisession (vs. single session) programs; for programs offered solely to females and to participants over age 15; for programs
without psychoeducational content; and for trials that used validated measures. The results identify promising prevention programs and delineate
sample, format, and design features that are associated with larger effects, but they suggest the need for improved methodological rigor and
statistical modeling of trials and enhanced theoretical rationale for interventions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved)
(journal abstract).
Psychological Bulletin, 130(2) : 206-227
- Year: 2004
- Problem: Eating Disorders
(any)
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Universal prevention, At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any)
Zabinski, Marion F., Wilfley, Denise E., Calfas, Karen J., Winzelberg, Andrew J., Taylor,
C. Barr
This study evaluated a synchronous Internet-delivered intervention (chat room) for
improving eating habits and body image in college-age women at risk for developing an eating disorder. Sixty at-risk women (mean age = 18.9, SD =
2.4; 65.0% Caucasian, 19% Latino/Hispanic, 8% Asian/Pacific Islander, 3% African American, 5% other; mean body mass index = 25.6, SD = 5.7) were
randomly assigned to intervention (n = 30) or control (n = 30) groups. Once a week for 8 weeks, participants used a private chat room for a 1-hr
moderated discussion focused on improving body image and eating behaviors. Additional treatment components included psychoeducation, asynchronous
support, homework, and summaries. Assessments were conducted at baseline, posttreatment, and 10 weeks after posttreatment. Participants indicated
high satisfaction with the intervention mode. Intervention participants significantly reduced eating pathology and improved self-esteem over controls
at follow-up. These findings suggest that synchronous, Internet-delivered programs are efficacious and have potential to reduce problematic attitudes
and behaviors that may lead to eating disorders among college-age women.
Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 72(5) : 914-
9
- Year: 2004
- Problem: Eating Disorders
(any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Psychoeducation, Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)
Matusek, Jill Anne, Wendt, Sally
J., Wiseman, Claire V.
Objective: Negative body image, a common problem among college-age women in the United States,
strongly correlates with low self-esteem, disturbed eating behavior, and eating disorders. Psychoeducational programs have inconsistently shown
improvement in body image, thin-ideal internalization, eating behaviors, psychosocial functioning, and self-esteem. Method: In the current study,
college women with body image concerns (N=84) were randomly assigned to a cognitive dissonance-based, thin-ideal internalization, single-session
workshop (DTI; n=26); a psychoeducational, healthy behavior, single-session workshop (HB; n=24); or a wait-list control (WL; n=34). Results:
Comparing baseline data with 4-week follow-up data, results indicated that both DTI and HB participants reported improvement in body image, thin-
ideal internalization, and eating behaviors. Discussion: Results provide evidence that both interventions effectively reduce risk factors for eating
pathology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).
International Journal of Eating Disorders, 36(4) : 376-
388
- Year: 2004
- Problem: Eating Disorders
(any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Psychoeducation, Cognitive dissonance
therapy