Disorders - Eating Disorders
Stice, Eric, Marti, C. Nathan, Spoor, Sonja, Presnell, Katherine, Shaw, Heather
Adolescent girls
with body dissatisfaction (N = 481, SD = 1.4) were randomized to a dissonance-based thin-ideal internalization reduction program, healthy weight
control program, expressive writing control condition, or assessment-only control condition. Dissonance participants showed significantly greater
decreases in thin-ideal internalization, body dissatisfaction, negative affect, eating disorder symptoms, and psychosocial impairment and lower risk
for eating pathology onset through 2- to 3-year follow-up than did assessment-only controls. Dissonance participants showed greater decreases in
thin-ideal internalization, body dissatisfaction, and psychosocial impairment than did expressive writing controls. Healthy weight participants
showed greater decreases in thin-ideal internalization, body dissatisfaction, negative affect, eating disorder symptoms, and psychosocial impairment;
less increases in weight; and lower risk for eating pathology and obesity onset through 2- to 3-year follow-up than did assessment-only controls.
Healthy weight participants showed greater decreases in thin-ideal internalization and weight than did expressive writing controls. Dissonance
participants showed a 60% reduction in risk for eating pathology onset, and healthy weight participants showed a 61% reduction in risk for eating
pathology onset and a 55% reduction in risk for obesity onset relative to assessment-only controls through 3-year follow-up, implying that the
effects are clinically important and enduring. PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved.
Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 76(2) : 329-
40
- Year: 2008
- Problem: Eating Disorders
(any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions, Cognitive dissonance
therapy
Raich, Rosa M., Sanchez-Carracedo, David, Lopez-Guimera,
Gemma, Portell, Mariona, Moncada, Albert, Fauquet, Jordi
This study assesses the impact of an
eating disorders universal preventive program on a representative sample of Spanish adolescents in the area of Barcelona, Spain. 323 adolescent girls
were assigned to three experimental conditions: complete intervention, partial intervention, and non-treatment. The program obtained a significant
change in reducing the influences of the aesthetic body ideal and in improving the knowledge of nutrition. Nevertheless, attained post-treatment
changes dissipate at the 6 month follow-up. In our opinion, the lack of lasting effects should be attributed to a series of considerations such as
format, tests not validated for this age, or insufficient research.
Brunner-Mazel Eating
Disorders Monograph Series, 16(3) : 255-72
- Year: 2008
- Problem: Eating Disorders
(any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Psychological Interventions
(any), Psychoeducation, Dietary advice, dietary change
Doyle, Angela
Celio, Goldschmidt, Andrea, Huang, Christina, Winzelberg,
Andrew J., Taylor, C. Barr, Wilfley, Denise E.
PURPOSE: Overweight in adolescence is a significant problem which is associated with body dissatisfaction and eating
disorder (ED) behaviors. Cost-effective methods for early intervention of obesity and prevention of ED are important because of the refractory nature
of both. This multisite RCT evaluated an Internet-delivered program targeting weight loss and ED attitudes/behaviors in adolescents. METHODS: A total
of 80 overweight adolescents 12-17 years of age completed Student Bodies 2 (SB2), a 16-week cognitive-behavioral program, or usual care (UC).
RESULTS: Body mass index (BMI) z-scores were reduced in the SB2 group compared with the UC group from baseline to post-intervention (p = .027; eta
(p)(2) = .08). The SB2 group maintained this reduction in BMI z-scores at 4-month follow-up, but significant differences were not observed because of
improvement in the UC group. The SB2 group evidenced greater increases in dietary restraint post-intervention (p = .016) and less improvement on
shape concerns at follow-up (p = .044); however these differences were not clinically significant. No other statistically significant differences
were noted between groups on ED attitudes or behaviors. The SB2 participants reported using healthy eating-related and physical activity-related
skills more frequently than UC participants post-intervention (p = .001) and follow-up (p = .012). CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that an Internet-
delivered intervention yielded a modest reduction in weight status that continued 4 months after treatment and that ED attitudes/behaviors were not
significantly improved. Group differences on weight loss were not sustained at 4-month follow-up because of parallel improvements in the groups.
Future studies are needed to improve program adherence and to further explore the efficacy of Internet-delivery of weight control programs for
adolescents.
Journal of Adolescent Health, 43(2) : 172-
9
- Year: 2008
- Problem: Eating Disorders
(any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Self-help, Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)
Dean, H. Y., Touyz, S. W., Rieger, E., Thornton, C. E.
Difficulties in fostering eating disorder (ED) patients' motivations to overcome their illness are widely considered to be a major
hurdle in the course of successful treatment. However, no previous study has assessed the use of interventions specifically designed to target poor
motivation amongst patients with illnesses that are severe enough to warrant hospitalisation. Objective: A brief Motivational Enhancement Therapy
(MET) group programme for inpatient ED sufferers was developed and evaluated. Method: Forty two consecutive inpatients were sequentially allocated to
treatment groups. Twenty three inpatients completed a four session MET group programme in addition to routine hospital care. A control group of 19
participants completed treatment as usual (TAU). Results: Despite an absence of significant differences between the MET and the TAU groups on the
overall formal outcome measures, there were nevertheless differences between the groups. Specifically, the MET groups appeared to foster longer term
motivation and engagement, and to promote treatment continuation. Conclusion: The results tentatively suggest that MET could be valuable for the
treatment of inpatient eating disorder patients and further research is warranted. Copyright copyright 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating
Disorders Association.
European Eating Disorders Review., 16(4) : 256-
267
- Year: 2008
- Problem: Eating Disorders
(any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Motivational interviewing, includes Motivational Enhancing Therapy
Becker, Carolyn Black, Bull,
Stephanie, Schaumberg, Katherine, Cauble, Adele, Franco, Amanda
The aim of this study was to replicate and extend results of a previous trial that investigated the effectiveness of 2 peer-led eating
disorders prevention interventions in reducing eating disorder risk factors in undergraduate women (C. B. Becker, L. M. Smith, & A. C. Ciao, 2006).
To extend findings from the previous study by allowing for investigation of differential response, the authors randomly assigned a larger sample of
both higher and lower risk sorority members (N = 188; age M = 18.64 years, range = 18-21; 20% minority) to either a cognitive dissonance (CD) or a
media advocacy (MA) intervention under naturalistic conditions. Interventions were delivered by trained sorority peer leaders and consisted of two 2
-hr group sessions. Participants completed questionnaires that assessed eating disorder risk factors at pretreatment, posttreatment, 7-week follow-
up, and 8-month follow-up. Results indicate that both interventions reduced thin-ideal internalization, body dissatisfaction, dietary restraint, and
bulimic pathology at 8 months, although higher and lower risk participants responded somewhat differently. Both CD and MA generally appeared
effective for higher risk participants; only CD, however, appeared to benefit lower risk participants. Results further support the viability of using
peer leaders in dissonance-based prevention. PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved.
Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 76(2) : 347-54
- Year: 2008
- Problem: Eating Disorders
(any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention, At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions, Cognitive dissonance
therapy
Austin, S. Bryn, Kim,
Juhee, Wiecha, Jean, Troped, Philip J., Feldman, Henry A., Peterson, Karen E.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of a school-based intervention to promote healthful
nutrition and physical activity on disordered weight-control behaviors (self-induced vomiting or use of laxatives or diet pills to control weight) in
early adolescent girls and boys. DESIGN: Using a group-randomized, controlled-trial design, we randomly assigned middle schools to an intervention or
control condition. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess the effect of the intervention on the odds of reporting a new case
of disordered weight-control behaviors at follow-up, adjusting for sex, school-level prevalence of disordered weight-control behaviors at baseline,
and school clusters. Students reporting these behaviors at baseline were excluded from the analyses. SETTING: Thirteen middle schools. PARTICIPANTS:
At baseline, 749 girls and 702 boys in grades 6 and 7. Intervention The 5-2-1 Go! intervention (Planet Health obesity prevention curriculum plus
School Health Index for Physical Activity and Healthy Eating: A Self-Assessment and Planning Guide, Middle/High School Version) was implemented
during 2 school years, from November 2002 through May 2004. Main Outcome Measure Self-reported disordered weight-control behaviors in last 30 days at
follow-up. RESULTS: At follow-up in girls, 3.6% (15 of 422) in control schools compared with 1.2% (4 of 327) in intervention schools reported
engaging in disordered weight-control behaviors (P = .04). Multivariate analyses indicated that the odds of these behaviors in girls in intervention
schools were reduced by two thirds compared with girls in control schools (odds ratio, 0.33; 95% confidence interval, 0.11-0.97). No intervention
effect was observed in boys. CONCLUSIONS: Results add compelling support for the effectiveness of an interdisciplinary, school-based obesity
prevention intervention to prevent disordered weight-control behaviors in early adolescent girls.
Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent
Medicine, 161(9) : 865-9
- Year: 2007
- Problem: Eating Disorders
(any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Dietary advice, dietary change
Heinicke, Brooke E., Paxton, Susan J., McLean, Sian A., Wertheim, Eleanor
H.
This study evaluated a targeted intervention designed
to alleviate body image and eating problems in adolescent girls that was delivered over the internet so as to increase access to the program. The
program consisted of six, 90-minute weekly small group, synchronous on-line sessions and was facilitated by a therapist and manual. Participants were
73 girls (mean age=14.4 years, SD=1.48) who self-identified as having body image or eating problems and were randomly assigned to an intervention
group (n=36) (assessed at baseline, post-intervention and at 2- and 6-months follow-up) or a delayed treatment control group (n=37) (assessed at
baseline and 6-7 weeks later). Clinically significant improvements in body dissatisfaction, disordered eating, and depression were observed at post-
intervention and maintained at follow-up. Internet delivery was enthusiastically endorsed. The program offers a promising approach to improve body
image and eating problems that also addresses geographic access problems.
Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 35(3) : 379-
91
- Year: 2007
- Problem: Eating Disorders
(any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions, Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)
Mitchell, Karen S., Mazzeo, Suzanne E., Rausch, Sarah M., Cooke, Kathryn L.
OBJECTIVE: Eating-disordered behavior is prevalent among college women.
Few interventions have successfully reduced risk factors for these behaviors, however. The most promising interventions are both selective and
interactive. This study compared two newer types of interventions that meet these criteria: cognitive dissonance and yoga programs. METHOD: This
study advertised programs for women who were dissatisfied with their bodies. Participants (N = 93) were randomly assigned to dissonance, yoga, or
control groups. RESULTS: Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that there were no significant post-intervention differences between the yoga and
control groups. Dissonance group participants had significantly lower scores than the scores of both other groups on measures of disordered eating,
drive for thinness, body dissatisfaction, alexithymia, and anxiety. CONCLUSION: These findings have important implications for interventions on
college campuses. In particular, dissonance interventions appear to be an efficient and inexpensive approach to reducing eating disorder risk
factors. Additional research regarding the value of yoga interventions is needed. 2006 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
International Journal of Eating Disorders, 40(2) : 120-
8
- Year: 2007
- Problem: Eating Disorders
(any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive dissonance
therapy, Mind-body exercises (e.g. yoga, tai chi, qigong)
Paxton, Susan J., McLean,
Sian A., Gollings, Emma K., Faulkner, Cathy, Wertheim, Eleanor H.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes following an eight-session, small group, therapist-led, intervention for body
dissatisfaction, and disordered eating in adult women, delivered either in face-to-face or synchronous, internet mode. METHOD: Community women with
high body dissatisfaction and internet access were randomly assigned to either face-to-face delivery (N = 42), internet delivery (N = 37), or delayed
treatment control (N = 37). All groups were assessed at baseline and 8-9 weeks later. The intervention groups were reassessed at 6-months follow-up.
RESULTS: Both intervention groups showed large improvements in body dissatisfaction compared with the delayed treatment control and these
improvements were maintained at follow-up. However, posttreatment improvements were greater in the face-to-face than internet intervention.
CONCLUSION: In adult women, it is desirable to deliver the body image intervention in a face-to-face mode, but the internet mode is effective and has
the potential to increase access to therapy. (c) 2007 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
International Journal of Eating Disorders, 40(8) : 692-
704
- Year: 2007
- Problem: Eating Disorders
(any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT), Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)
O'Brien, Karina M., LeBow, Michael D.
Previous research
has addressed the issues of behavior change and eating disorder prevention among adolescents and young women. The current study was designed to
evaluate: (a) whether an 8-week psychoeducational intervention can reduce maladaptive weight-management practices in women (University females, N=24)
with sub-clinical levels of eating pathology; and (b) whether its implementation reduces the risk of developing more severe eating pathology across
time. Participants were randomly assigned to an experimental (EX) group or a self-monitoring control (SMC) group. Statistically significant changes
on measures of eating pathology, including the Eating Attitudes Test-26 [Garner, D. M., Olmsted, M. P., Bohr, Y., & Garfinkel, P. (1982). The Eating
Attitudes Test: psychometric features and clinical correlates. Psychological Medicine, 12, 871-878]; Forbidden Food Survey [Ruggerio, L., Williamson,
D. A., Davis, C. J., Schlundt, D. G., & Carey, M. P. (1988). Forbidden Food Survey: Measure of bulimic's anticipated emotional reactions to specific
foods. Addictive Behaviors, 13, 267-274]; and Bulimia Test-Revised [Thelen, M. H., Farmer, J., Wonderlich, S., & Smith, M. (1991). A revision of the
bulimia test: The BULIT-R. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 3(1), 119-124] were observed, as were changes in body image, as measured by
the Body Shape Questionnaire [Cooper, P. J., Taylor, M. J., Cooper, Z., & Fairburn, C. G. (1987). The development and validation of the body shape
questionnaire. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 6(4), 485-494]. Additional significant between-group differences in eating behavior, as
measured by daily meal records, were also seen. Participants in the EX group evidenced improvements in scores which were significantly different from
those observed in the SMC group. Unfortunately, attrition limited the utility of follow up data.
Eating Behaviors, 8(2) : 195-
210
- Year: 2007
- Problem: Eating Disorders
(any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Psychoeducation
Stock, Suzanne, Miranda, Charmaine, Evans,
Stacey, Plessis, Suzanne, Ridley, Julia, Yeh, Sophia, Chanoine, Jean-Pierre
OBJECTIVE: We designed and tested a novel health promotion program for elementary schools that was based on peer teaching from older to
younger schoolchildren (\"Healthy Buddies\"). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This prospective pilot study compared the effect of our program (2-3 hours/week,
21 weeks) in 2 Canadian elementary schools (intervention: n = 232 children, the whole school implementing the program; control: n = 151). Older
students (4th through 7th grade) were given direct instruction from 1 intervention teacher and were paired with younger students (kindergarten
through 3rd grade) for the whole school year. Students in 4th through 7th grade then acted as teachers for their younger \"buddies.\" All lessons
included 3 components of healthy living: nutrition, physical activity, and healthy body image. The students first learned how to be positive buddies
and learned the 3 components of a healthy life. Thereafter, they learned how to overcome challenges to living a healthy life. Outcome measures
(intervention and control schools at the beginning and end of the school year) included validated questionnaires that assessed healthy-living
knowledge, behavior and attitude, a 9-minute fitness run, self-competence, body satisfaction, disordered eating symptoms, and anthropometry (BMI,
blood pressure, and heart rate). RESULTS: Compared with control students, both older and younger intervention students showed an increase in
healthy-living knowledge, behavior, and attitude scores and a smaller increase in systolic blood pressure. BMI and weight increased less in the
intervention students in 4th through 7th grade and height more in the intervention students in kindergarten through 3rd grade. CONCLUSIONS: Our
student-led curriculum improved knowledge not only in older schoolchildren but also in their younger buddies. It also decreased weight velocity in
the older students. Student-led teaching may be an efficient, easy-to-implement way of promoting a healthy lifestyle from kindergarten to 7th
grade.
Pediatrics, 120(4) : e1059-
68
- Year: 2007
- Problem: Eating Disorders
(any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions, Dietary advice, dietary change
Jacobi, Corinna, Morris, Lisette, Beckers, Christina, Bronisch-Holtze, Janina, Winter, Jana, Winzelberg, Andrew J., Taylor, Craig Barr
OBJECTIVE: Excessive
weight or shape concerns and dieting are among the most important and well-established risk factors for the development of symptoms of disordered
eating or full-syndrome eating disorders. Prevention programs should therefore target these factors in order to reduce the likelihood of developing
an eating disorder. The aims of this study were to determine the short-term and maintenance effects of an internet-based prevention program for
eating disorders. METHOD: One hundred female students at two German universities were randomly assigned to either an 8-week intervention or a
waiting-list control condition and assessed at preintervention, postintervention, and 3-month follow-up. RESULTS: Compared with the control group,
the intervention produced significant and sustained effects for high-risk women. CONCLUSION: Internet-based prevention is effective and can be
successfully adapted to a different culture. 2006 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
International Journal of Eating Disorders, 40(2) : 114-
9
- Year: 2007
- Problem: Eating Disorders
(any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Self-help, Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)