Disorders - Eating Disorders
Earnhardt, Jayme L., Martz, Denise M., Ballard, Mary
E., Curtin, Lisa
Pennebaker's therapeutic writing paradigm was assessed its a brief intervention for negative body innage. Fernales were randomly assigned
to write about their body image (experimental; 11 = 23) or their bedroom (controls; n = 25) for four days. Body image, eating-disordered behavior,
and mood were assessed at baseline, after the 4th day of writing, and at 1-month follow-up. Despite hypotheses that experimental participants would
show more improvement over time, participation in the study, regardless of condition, was related to significant improvements in body image and mood,
and decreased eating-disordered behavior over time. Placebo, sensitization effects, and regression to the mean are discussed as potential
explanations for this unexpected finding. Suggestions for future research are made. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved).
Journal of
College Student Psychotherapy, 17(1) : 19-35
- Year: 2002
- Problem: Eating Disorders
(any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Creative expression: music, dance, drama, art
Grave, Riccardo Dalle, De Luca, Loredana, Campello, Gabriele
The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the efficacy of a new school-based eating disorder prevention program designed to reduce
dietary restraint and the level of preoccupation with regard to shape and weight. 106 (61 females and 45 males) 11 to 12 yr-old students were
evaluated, 55 of whom participated in the program (experimental group). An additional 51 students formed the control group. The program met for 6
sessions, 2 hrs per session. After 6 mo, the experimental group received 2 booster sessions of 2 hrs in 2 consecutive weeks. Outcome measures
included the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q), the children's version of the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem
Scale (RSES), and a Knowledge Questionnaire (KQ) devised by the authors of the program. The questionnaires were administered in both the experimental
and control groups, one week before the intervention, one week afterwards, and at 6-mo and 12-mo follow-ups. Unlike a previous school-based eating
disorder prevention program, in the experimental group both an increase in knowledge and a decrease in some attitudes were maintained at 12-mo
follow-up (Eating Concerns EDE-Q scores). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved).
Eating Disorders, 9(4) : 327-
337
- Year: 2001
- Problem: Eating Disorders
(any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Psychoeducation, Other Psychological Interventions
Baranowski, M. J., Hetherington, M. M.
Objective: The efficacy of an
eating disorder prevention program was tested in a group of preadolescent females. Improvements in self-esteem and eating behavior were predicted
relative to a control group. Method: Two interventions lasting 5 weeks were designed and then administered to two groups of preadolescent females.
Self-esteem, body esteem, dietary restraint, and eating pathology were measured before, immediately, and 6 months following an eating disorders
prevention program (n = 16) and a similarly designed control program (n = 13) focusing on fruit and vegetable intake. Results: Dietary restraint in
both groups decreased following the interventions. Self-esteem improved in the experimental group, but this was only marginally significant.
Discussion: Eating disorder prevention programs may be most effective when targeted at older, more at-risk girls. However, encouraging healthy eating
in both groups of preadolescent girls reduced dietary restraint, which may be an important step in the prevention of later eating disorders.
copyright 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
International Journal of Eating Disorders., 29(2) : 119
-124
- Year: 2001
- Problem: Eating Disorders
(any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Psychological Interventions
(any), Psychoeducation, Dietary advice, dietary change
Stewart, D. A., Carter, J. C., Drinkwater, J., Hainsworth, J., Fairburn, C. G.
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the
effectiveness of a school-based eating disorder prevention program designed to reduce dietary restraint and concern about shape and weight among
adolescent girls. Method: A total of 474 girls aged 13-14 years received the program as part of their normal school curriculum. An assessment-only
control group included 386 pupils. Measures of eating disorder features, self-esteem, and knowledge were administered before and after the
intervention and at 6-month follow-up. Results: Immediately following the intervention, there was a small reduction in dietary restraint and
attitudes to shape and weight in the index group, whereas there was no change in the control group. This reduction was not maintained at 6-month
follow-up although the dietary restraint scores of the index group remained lower than those of the control group. Discussion: This prevention
program achieved change in eating attitudes and behavior, although the change was modest in size and not sustained. Focusing on a high-risk subgroup
of dieters might be a more fruitful primary prevention strategy. copyright 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
International
Journal of Eating Disorders., 29(2) : 107-118
- Year: 2001
- Problem: Eating Disorders
(any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Psychoeducation, Other Psychological Interventions
Stice, Eric, Chase, Allison, Stormer, Susan, Appel, Anne
Developed and evaluated a dissonance-based intervention for eating
disorders in high-risk populations. 87 young women (aged 17-29 yrs) with body image concerns were randomized to this intervention, which involves
verbal, written, and behavioral exercises requiring them to critique the thin-ideal, or to a healthy weight management control group. Ss completed a
baseline, termination, and 4-wk follow-up survey. The results show that Ss in the dissonance intervention reported decreased thin-ideal
internalization, body dissatisfaction, dieting, negative affect, and bulimic symptoms at termination and at 4-wk follow-up. Unexpectedly, Ss in the
healthy weight management control group also reported some benefits. It was concluded that taken in conjunction with past findings, these preliminary
results suggest that the dissonance intervention, and to a lesser extent the healthy weight management intervention, may reduce bulimic pathology and
risk factors for eating disturbances. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved).
International Journal of Eating Disorders, 29(3) : 247-262
- Year: 2001
- Problem: Eating Disorders
(any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive dissonance
therapy, Dietary advice, dietary change
Rocco, P. L., Ciano, R. P., Balestrieri, M.
The aim of this report
is to analyse the impact of a psychoeducational preventive programme on the eating habits of a sample of adolescent schoolgirls. Of the 112
schoolgirls attending five classes, about 86% agreed to participate in the program. Of these, 63 participants belonged to the experimental group and
33 agreed to the control group. The psychoeducational sessions were performed once a month for each of three experimental classes. The programme
involved discussions on the nature of eating disorders, on epidemiological aspects and on the importance of early detection of risk factors. The
tests used to evaluate the sample were the EDI-2 and the PF-16. The results showed a significant improvement in bulimic attitudes, asceticism,
feelings of ineffectiveness, and maturity fears. Anxiety traits were also better managed in the experimental group. Our conclusions suggest that
correct information about eating disorders can ameliorate unhealthy attitudes towards eating behaviour.
British Journal of Medical Psychology., 74(3) : 351-
358
- Year: 2001
- Problem: Eating Disorders
(any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Psychoeducation
Smolak, L., Levine, M. P.
As a test of a prevention effect, data
were collected two years after boys and girls ages 9-11 completed ten one-hour lessons designed to improve nutrition and exercise patterns, enhance
body esteem, and discourage unhealthy weight management. Body esteem, use of weight loss techniques, SATAQ scores, weight concerns, and program-
related knowledge were compared among three groups of young adolescent girls and boys (N = 509; ages = 11-13): participants in the elementary school
program (Smolak, Levine, & Schermer, 1998a, 1998b), control participants from the same elementary schools, and new control participants from schools
not included in the original study. Compared to new controls, those adolescents who received the prevention program two years earlier were more
knowledgeable, used fewer unhealthy weight management techniques, and had higher body esteem. The latter difference was particularly significant for
girls. Original control participants had intermediate scores, suggesting a \"spillover\" effect. Scores on program-related knowledge were positively
correlated with better body esteem and less frequent use of weight loss techniques, and lower SATAQ scores, particularly among the girls. Findings
suggest that a curricular program using cognitive social learning and developmental principles may help prevent the development of negative body
image and unhealthy weight management techniques in girls and boys as they move from late childhood to early adolescence. Important methodological
implications of this study for the meaning of prevention also are discussed.
Eating Disorders., 9(4) : 313-
325
- Year: 2001
- Problem: Eating Disorders
(any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Psychological Interventions
(any), Psychoeducation, Dietary advice, dietary change
Zabinski, M. F., Pung, M. A., Wilfley, D. E., Eppstein, D. L., Winzelberg, A. J., Celio, A., Taylor, C. B.
Objective: This controlled study evaluated whether an 8-week program
offered over the Internet would significantly decrease body image dissatisfaction, disordered eating patterns, and preoccupation with shape/weight
among women at high risk for developing an eating disorder. Method: Fifty-six college women were recruited on the basis of elevated scores
([greater-than or equal to]110) on the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ). Psychological functioning, as measured by the Eating Disorder Inventory Drive
for Thinness (EDI-DT) subscale, Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q), and the BSQ, was assessed at baseline, posttreatment, and at 10-
week follow-up. Results: All participants improved over time on most measures, although effect sizes suggest that the program did impact the
intervention group. Discussion: Findings suggest that technological interventions may be helpful for reducing disordered eating patterns and
cognitions among high-risk women. Future research is needed to assess whether such programs are effective over time for prevention of and reduction
in eating disorder symptomatology. copyright 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
International Journal of Eating Disorders., 29(4) : 401-
408
- Year: 2001
- Problem: Eating Disorders
(any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Psychoeducation, Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)
Winzelberg, A.
J., Eppstein, D., Eldredge, K. L., Wilfley, D., Dasmahapatra,
R., Dev, P., Taylor, C. B.
This study evaluated an Internet-delivered
computer-assisted health education (CAHE) program designed to improve body satisfaction and reduce weight/shape concerns--concerns that have been
shown to be risk factors for the development of eating disorders in young women. Participants were 60 women at a public university randomly assigned
to either an intervention or control condition. Intervention participants completed the CAHE program Student Bodies. Measures of body image and
disordered eating attitudes were assessed at baseline, postintervention, and 3-month follow-up. At follow-up, intervention participants, compared
with controls, reported a significant improvement in body image and a decrease in drive for thinness. This program provides evidence for the
feasibility and effectiveness of providing health education by means of the Internet.
Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 68(2) : 346-
50
- Year: 2000
- Problem: Eating Disorders
(any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Self-help, Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)
O'Dea, J. A., Abraham, S.
OBJECTIVE: This study
examines the effect of an interactive, school-based, self-esteem education program on the body image and eating attitudes and behaviors of young male
and female adolescents following the program and after 12 months. METHOD: All 470 eligible students (63% female) aged 11-14 years volunteered to
participate. The intervention group students participated in the program, whereas the control group students received their scheduled personal
development and health class. RESULTS: The program significantly improved the body satisfaction of the intervention students and significantly
changed aspects of their self-esteem; social acceptance, physical appearance, and athletic ability became less important for the intervention
students and more important for control students. Female intervention students rated their physical appearance as perceived by others significantly
higher than control students and allowed their body weight to increase appropriately by preventing the age increase in weight-losing behaviors of the
control students. One year after the intervention, body image and attitude changes were still present. These findings also held for the 116 students
(63% females) with low self-esteem and higher anxiety, who were considered at risk for the development of eating disorders. These students also had
significantly lower drive for thinness and greater body satisfaction following the intervention and the decreased importance of physical appearance
to their self-esteem was present at 12 months. Control at-risk students significantly decreased their body weight, whereas the weight of the
intervention at-risk students significantly increased. The intervention program was effective, safe, having no effect on measures of students'
anxiety or depression, and was rated highly by students. DISCUSSION: This is the first controlled educational intervention to successfully improve
body image and to produce long-term changes in the attitudes and self-image of young adolescents. This new approach to prevent the development of
eating disorders by improving self-esteem may be effective, particularly if reinforced by teachers and family. Copyright 2000 John Wiley & Sons,
Inc.
International Journal of Eating
Disorders, 28(1) : 43-57
- Year: 2000
- Problem: Eating Disorders
(any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions
Abood, Doris A., Black, David R.
Examined risk factors for eating disorders among 70 female college athletes. Athletes in
7 major university sports were randomly assigned to either an 8-wk health education intervention or a comparison group. Results show that
intervention Ss scored lower on drive for thinness and body dissatisfaction; comparison group was lower on self-esteem and nutrition knowledge.
Regression analyses reveal that the educational intervention was associated with decreased drive for thinness and decreased drive for thinness was
associated with decreased body dissatisfaction. The intervention is unique and shows promise for helping female collegiate athletes at high risk for
eating disorders. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved).
American Journal of Health
Behavior, 24(3) : 209-219
- Year: 2000
- Problem: Eating Disorders
(any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Psychological Interventions
(any), Psychoeducation, Dietary advice, dietary change
Celio, A. A., Winzelberg, A. J., Wilfley, D.
E., Eppstein-Herald, D., Springer, E. A., Dev, P., Taylor, C. B.
This controlled trial compared Internet- (Student Bodies [SB]) and classroom-delivered (Body Traps [BT]) psychoeducational
interventions for the reduction of body dissatisfaction and disordered eating behaviors/attitudes with a control condition. Participants were 76
women at a private university who were randomly assigned to SB, BT, or a wait-list control (WLC) condition. Measures of body image and eating
attitudes and behaviors were measured at baseline, posttreatment, and 4-month follow-up. At posttreatment, participants in SB had significant
reductions in weight/shape concerns and disordered eating attitudes compared with those in the WLC condition. At follow-up, disordered behaviors were
also reduced. No significant effects were found between the BT and WLC conditions. An Internet-delivered intervention had a significant impact on
reducing risk factors for eating disorders.
Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 68(4) : 650-
7
- Year: 2000
- Problem: Eating Disorders
(any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Psychoeducation, Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)