Disorders - Eating Disorders
Abascal, Liana, Brown, Jennifer Bruning, Winzelberg, Andrew J., Dev, Parvati, Taylor, C.
This study examined a step toward providing a universal prevention program to all students while targeting those at risk. Seventy-eight 10th-
grade female students were provided an on-line eating disorder prevention program and randomized to participate in (1) a higher risk and higher
motivated group, (2) a lower risk or lower motivated group, or (3) a combined group. The students in the first group made significantly fewer
negative and more positive comments in the on-line group discussion than the higher risk and higher motivated participants in the combined group.
However, there were no differences among groups on outcome measures. The results suggest that, because it is relatively easy to provide interventions
with separate groups, it seems appropriate to do so, if for no other reason than to minimize the few very negative comments that were posted by
students that might have created an adverse environment for the higher risk-participants that the intervention specifically targets. (PsycINFO
Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).
International Journal of Eating Disorders, 35(1) : 1-
9
- Year: 2004
- Problem: Eating Disorders
(any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention, At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Self-help, Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)
McVey, Gail L., Davis, Ron, Tweed, Stacey, Shaw, Brian F.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the current study was to
evaluate the effectiveness of a life-skills promotion program designed to improve body image satisfaction and global self-esteem, while reducing
negative eating attitudes and behaviors and feelings of perfectionism, all of which have been identified as predisposing factors to disordered
eating. METHOD: A total of 258 girls with a mean age of 11.8 years (intervention group = 182 and control group = 76) completed questionnaires before,
and 1 week after, the six-session school-based program, and again 6 and 12 months later. RESULTS: The intervention was successful in improving body
image satisfaction and global self-esteem and in reducing dieting attitude scores at post intervention only. The gains were not maintained at the 12
-month follow-up. DISCUSSION: The need to assess the influence of health promotion programs on predisposing risk factors, compared with problem-based
outcome measures, is discussed. Copyright 2004 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
International Journal of Eating Disorders, 36(1) : 1-
11
- Year: 2004
- Problem: Eating Disorders
(any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Psychoeducation, Skills training, Other Psychological Interventions
Withers, G. F., Wertheim, E. H.
This study applied principles from the
Elaboration Likelihood Model of Persuasion to the prevention of disordered eating. Early adolescent girls watched either a preventive videotape only
(n = 114) or video plus post-video activity (verbal discussion, written exercises, or control discussion) (n = 187); or had no intervention (n =
104). Significantly more body image and knowledge improvements occurred at post video and follow-up in the intervention groups compared to no
intervention. There were no outcome differences among intervention groups, or between girls with high or low elaboration likelihood. Further research
is needed in integrating the videotape into a broader prevention package. Copyright copyright Taylor & Francis Inc.
Eating
Disorders., 12(2) : 103-124
- Year: 2004
- Problem: Eating Disorders
(any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions
Elliot, Diane L., Goldberg, Linn, Moe, Esther L., Defrancesco, Carol A., Durham, Melissa B., Hix-Small, Hollie
OBJECTIVES: To
implement and to assess the efficacy of a school-based, sport team-centered program to prevent young female high school athletes' disordered eating
and body-shaping drug use. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective controlled trial in 18 high schools, with balanced random assignment by school to the
intervention and usual-care control conditions. PARTICIPANTS: We enrolled 928 students from 40 participating sport teams. Mean age was 15.4 years,
92.2% were white, and follow-up retention was 72%. INTERVENTION: The ATHENA (Athletes Targeting Healthy Exercise and Nutrition Alternative)
curriculum's 8 weekly 45-minute sessions were incorporated into a team's usual practice activities. Content was gender-specific, peer-led, and
explicitly scripted. Topics included healthy sport nutrition, effective exercise training, drug use and other unhealthy behaviors' effects on sport
performance, media images of females, and depression prevention. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We assessed participants by confidential questionnaire prior
to and following their sport season. We determined program effects using an analysis of covariance-based approach within the Generalized Estimating
Equation framework. RESULTS: Experimental athletes reported significantly less ongoing and new use of diet pills and less new use of athletic-
enhancing substances (amphetamines, anabolic steroids, and sport supplements) (P<.05 for each). Other health-harming actions also were reduced (less
riding with an alcohol-consuming driver [P = .05], more seat belt use [P<.05], and less new sexual activity [P<.05]). The ATHENA athletes had
coincident positive changes in strength-training self-efficacy (P<.005) and healthy eating behaviors (P<.001). Reductions occurred in intentions
toward future use of diet pills (P<.05), vomiting to lose weight (P<.05), and use of tobacco (P<.05) and muscle-building supplements (P<.005). The
program's curriculum components were altered appropriately (controlling mood [P<.005], refusal skills [P = .05], belief in the media [P<.005], and
perceptions of closest friends' body-shaping drug use [P<.001]). CONCLUSIONS: Sport teams are effective natural vehicles for gender-specific, peer-
led curricula to promote healthy lifestyles and to deter disordered eating, athletic-enhancing substance use, and other health-harming behaviors.
Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 158(11) : 1043-
9
- Year: 2004
- Problem: Eating Disorders
(any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Psychological Interventions
(any), Psychoeducation, Dietary advice, dietary change
Bruning
Brown, J., Winzelberg, A. J., Abascal, L. B., Taylor, C. B.
Purpose To evaluate the effectiveness of Student Bodies, an Internet-delivered eating disorder prevention program for adolescents, and a
supplemental program for their parents. Methods One hundred fifty-two 10th grade females completing a health course at a private sectarian school,
and 69 of their parents were assigned to either the Internet-delivered intervention group or to a comparison group (students) or wait-list control
group (parents). Student participants completed subscales of the Eating Disorder Inventory, Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire, and a content
knowledge test. Parents completed the Parental Attitudes and Criticism Scale. Results The main effects of the intervention were assessed pre- to
post- and post- to follow-up using ANCOVA, with the baseline assessment of the independent variable as the covariate. Students using the program
reported significantly reduced eating restraint and had significantly greater increases in knowledge than did students in the comparison group.
However, there were no significant differences at follow-up. Parents significantly decreased their overall critical attitudes toward weight and
shape. Conclusion The program demonstrates the feasibility of providing an integrated program for students and their parents with short-term positive
changes in parental attitudes toward weight and shape. copyright Society for Adolescent Medicine, 2004.
Journal of Adolescent Health., 35(4) : 290-
296
- Year: 2004
- Problem: Eating Disorders
(any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Self-help, Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)
Wade, Tracey D., Davidson,
Susan, O'Dea, Jennifer A.
Objective:
This study compared the efficacy of a media literacy program and a self-esteem program designed to reduce general and specific risk factors for
eating disorders. Method: Four classes of 86 grade 8 students (53 boys and 33 girls), mean age of 13 years, were randomly assigned to either a
control condition or one of the two intervention conditions. Assessment of general and specific risk factors was carried out at baseline,
postintervention and 3-month follow-up. Results: At postintervention the media literacy group had lower mean scores on weight concern than the
control group but the self-esteem group did not. There were some differences on self-esteem measures at the 3-month follow-up. Discussion: Media
literacy programs combined with an interactive, student-centered framework may potentially be a safe and effective way of reducing risk factors for
eating disorders. The impact of teaching style needs to be further evaluated in prevention research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all
rights reserved).
International Journal of Eating Disorders, 33(4) : 371-383
- Year: 2003
- Problem: Eating Disorders
(any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions
McVey, G. L., Lieberman, M., Voorberg, N., Wardrope, D., Blackmore, E., Tweed, S.
The evaluation of a school-based peer support group previously
shown to improve body esteem and global self-esteem and reduce dieting in young adolescent girls was replicated in the present study. A total of 282
girls in grades 7 and 8, 196 of whom were in the control group, completed self-report questionnaires immediately before and after the life skills
intervention, and 3 months later. Contrary to the findings reported in the original study, participation in the 10-session peer support group did not
lead to improvements in body esteem or eating attitudes and behaviors beyond what was experienced by the control group. Interestingly, participants
of the current intervention group exhibited higher disordered eating scores at baseline than those participants in the original study. Implications
for matching prevention curriculum with the developmental and symptom levels of students are discussed.
Eating Disorders., 11(3) : 187-
195
- Year: 2003
- Problem: Eating Disorders
(any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Psychoeducation, Skills training, Other Psychological Interventions
McVey, G. L., Lieberman, M., Voorberg, N., Wardrope, D., Blackmore, E.
The
goal of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a school-based peer support group designed to improve body esteem and global self-
esteem and to reduce negative eating attitudes and behaviors. A total of 214 girls in grades 7 and 8, 115 of whom were in the control group,
completed self-report questionnaires immediately before and following the intervention, and three months later. The findings revealed that
participation in the 10-session group, facilitated by public health nurses, led to increases in weight-related esteem and decreases in dieting. The
role of peer support groups in the prevention of disordered eating is discussed.
Eating Disorders., 11(3) : 169-
185
- Year: 2003
- Problem: Eating Disorders
(any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions
Stice,
Eric, Trost, Ariel, Chase, Allison
Developed and evaluated 2 interventions for populations at risk
for eating disorders: a healthy weight control intervention and a dissonance-based intervention. 148 13-20 yr old females with body image concerns
were randomized to 1 of these interventions or to a wait list control group. Participants completed baseline, termination, and 1, 3, and 6-mo
followup surveys. Results show that participants in both interventions reported decreased thin-ideal internalization, negative affect, and bulimic
symptoms at termination and follow-up relative to controls. However, no effects were observed for body dissatisfaction or dieting and effects
diminished over time. It is concluded that results provide evidence that both interventions effectively reduce bulimic pathology and risk factors for
eating disturbances. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved).
International Journal of Eating Disorders, 33(1) : 10
-21
- Year: 2003
- Problem: Eating Disorders
(any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive dissonance
therapy, Dietary advice, dietary change
Stice, E., Ragan, J.
Objective: Because conventional preventive interventions have had little success in reducing eating pathology, we developed
and evaluated a more intensive psychoeducational intervention. Method: Female college students who underwent this intervention and a matched control
sample of students (N = 66) completed pretest and posttest surveys. Results: Intervention participants showed significant decreases in thin-ideal
internalization, body dissatisfaction, dieting, eating disorder symptoms, and weight over the 4-month study period, whereas matched control
participants did not show changes in these outcomes with the exception that they gained weight. Discussion: These preliminary findings suggest that
this intervention may prove useful in reducing eating disturbances and overweight among college students, as well as the risk factors for this
serious mental and physical health problem. copyright 2002 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
International Journal of Eating
Disorders., 31(2) : 159-171
- Year: 2002
- Problem: Eating Disorders
(any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Psychoeducation
Mutterperl, J. A., Sanderson, C.
A.
The authors examine the effectiveness of norm misperception education in decreasing disordered eating. One hundred seven 1st-year college
women completed questionnaires assessing their own and others' actual and ideal body size as well as their own disordered eating and were then
randomly assigned to read either a norm misperception or a control brochure. Participants completed questionnaires immediately after reading the
brochures and again 3 months later. Although there were no main effects of brochure condition at the follow-up, participants who primarily compared
themselves with other college women and who read the norm misperception brochure had higher actual and ideal weight as well as less frequent
disordered eating. The discussion focuses on the theoretical and applied implications of these findings.
Health Psychology., 21(5) : 519-523
- Year: 2002
- Problem: Eating Disorders
(any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Psychoeducation
Pratt, BM., Woolfenden, S.
Background: Eating disorders represent an extremely difficult, time-consuming and costly condition to treat. Being young, female, and
dieting are some of the few identified risk factors that have been reliably linked to the development of eating disorders. There is currently limited
evidence in the published literature to suggest that any particular type of program is effective in preventing eating disorders and there has been
concern that some interventions have the potential to cause harm.Objectives: To determine if eating disorder prevention programs for children and
adolescents are effective in: (1) promoting healthy eating attitudes and behaviours; (2) promoting protective psychological factors; (3) promoting
satisfactory physical health; (4) having a long-term, sustainable, and positive impact on mental and physical health; and, (5) ensuring safety in
relation to possible harmful consequences on mental or physical health.Search methods: Relevant trials are identified through searching the Cochrane
Controlled Trial Register (CCTR) and relevant biomedical and social science databases, as well as reference lists from articles identified through
the search strategy and contact with experts in the field.Selection criteria: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with a major focus on eating
disorder prevention programs for children and adolescents, where there is no known DSM-IV diagnosis of an eating disorder, are eligible for inclusion
in the review. Trials must include a control group and at least one objective outcome measure (e.g., BMI) or a standardised psychological measure
used with the intervention and control group, pre- and post-intervention.Data collection and analysis: A total of 1016 titles have been identified
through the search to date. Twenty-two studies were located that reported use of a randomised controlled trial methodology and were critically
appraised by two independent reviewers. Twelve studies met the selection criteria outlined above.Main results: Combined data from two eating disorder
prevention programs based on a media literacy and advocacy approach indicate a reduction in the internalisation or acceptance of societal ideals
relating to appearance at a 3- to 6-month follow-up (Kusel 1999; Neumark* 2000) [SMD -0.28, -0.51 to -0.05, 95% CI]. There is insufficient evidence
to support the effect of five programs designed to address eating attitudes and behaviours and other adolescent issues in the general community or
those classified as being at high risk for eating disorder (Buddeberg* 1998; Dalle Grave 2001; Killen 1993; Santonastaso 1999; Zanetti 1999) and
insufficient evidence to support the effect of two programs designed to improve self-esteem (O'Dea 2000; Wade 2003). Data from two didactic eating
disorder awareness programs could not be pooled for analysis. There is not sufficient evidence to suggest that harm resulted from any of the
prevention programs included in the review.Authors' conclusions: The one significant pooled effect in the current review does not allow for any firm
conclusions to be made about the impact of prevention programs for eating disorders in children and adolescents, although none of the pooled
comparisons indicated evidence of harm. The meta-analysis is in the process of being revised to account for the impact of cluster randomised
trials.
Cochrane Database of Systematic
Reviews, (2) : CD002891
- Year: 2002
- Problem: Eating Disorders
(any)
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Universal prevention, At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any)