Disorders - Anxiety Disorders
Bryant, R. A., Malik, A., Aqel, I.
S., Ghatasheh, M., Habashneh, R., Dawson, K. S., Watts, S., Jordans, M.
J. D., Brown, F. L., van-Ommeren, M., Akhtar, A.
BACKGROUND: Millions of young adolescents in low- and
middle-income countries (LMICs) affected by humanitarian crises experience elevated rates of poor mental health. There is a need for scalable
programs that can improve the mental health of young adolescents. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a nonspecialist delivered group-based
intervention (Early Adolescent Skills for Emotions (EASE)) to improve young adolescents' mental health.\rMETHODS AND FINDINGS: In this single-blind,
parallel, controlled trial, Syrian refugees aged 10 to 14 years in Jordan were identified through screening of psychological distress as defined by
scores >=15 on the Paediatric Symptom Scale. Participants were randomised to either EASE or enhanced usual care (EUC) involving referral to local
psychosocial services (on a 1:1.6 ratio). Participants were aware of treatment allocation but assessors were blinded. Primary outcomes were scores on
the Paediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC; internalising, externalising, and attentional difficulty scales) assessed at week 0, 9 weeks, and 3 months
after treatment (primary outcome time point). It was hypothesised that EASE would result in greater reductions on internalising symptoms than EUC.
Secondary outcomes were depression, posttraumatic stress, well-being, functioning, school belongingness, and caregivers' parenting and mental
health. Between June 2019 and January 2020, 1,842 young adolescent refugees were screened for eligibility on the basis of psychological distress.
There were 520 adolescents (28.2%) who screened positive, of whom 471 (90.6%) agreed to enter the trial. Overall, 185 were assigned to EASE and 286
to EUC, and 169 and 254 were retained at 3 months for EASE and EUC, respectively. Intent-to-treat analyses indicated that at 3 months, EASE resulted
in greater reduction on the PSC-internalising scale than EUC (estimated mean difference 0.69, 95% CI 0.19 to 1.19; p = 0.007; effect size, 0.38) but
there were no differences for PSC-externalising (estimated mean difference 0.24, 95% CI -0.43 to 0.91; p = 0.49; effect size, -0.10), PSC-attentional
problem (estimated mean difference -0.01, 95% CI -0.51 to 0.54; p = 0.97; effect size, -0.01) scores, or on depression, posttraumatic stress, well-
being, functioning, or school belongingness. Relative to EUC, caregivers in EASE had less psychological distress (estimated mean difference 1.95, 95%
CI 0.71 to 3.19; p = 0.002) and inconsistent disciplinary parenting (mean difference 1.54, 95% CI 1.03 to 2.05; p < 0.001). Secondary analyses that
(a) focused on adolescents with probable internalising disorders; (b) completed the 3-month assessment; and (c) controlled for trauma exposure did
not alter the primary results. Mediation analysis indicated that for caregivers in the EASE condition, reduction in inconsistent disciplinary
parenting was associated with reduced attentional (beta = 0.11, SE 0.07; 95% CI 0.003, 0.274) and internalising (beta = 0.11, SE 0.07; 95% CI 0.003,
0.274) problems in their children. No adverse events were attributable to the intervention. A limitation was that EUC was not matched to EASE in
terms of facilitator attention or group involvement.\rCONCLUSIONS: EASE led to reduced internalising problems in young refugee adolescents and was
associated with reduced distress and less inconsistent disciplinary parenting in caregivers. This intervention has the potential as a scalable
intervention to mitigate young adolescents' emotional difficulties in LMIC.\rTRIAL REGISTRATION: Prospectively registered at Australian and New
Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12619000341123.
PLoS Medicine, 19(8) : e1004046
- Year: 2022
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT), Other Psychological Interventions
Brown, A. F., Richardson, C. M. E., Newby, N., Pulsipher, S., Hoene, T.
Stress is inevitable in college, and many students utilize alternatives to
professional help such as supplements to manage stress, anxiety, or depression. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted to
assess the effectiveness of a multi-ingredient supplement (MIS) in supporting optimal mood balance and reducing daily stress among healthy
collegiate-aged students (clinicaltrials.gov, NCT05109923). Participants (age 18-22) were randomly assigned to a placebo (PLA; n = 29) or MIS (n =
27) group and were asked to consume 2 capsules upon waking and before bed. Resting heart rate, blood pressure and salivary cortisol awakening
response (CAR) were measured at weeks 2, 5 and 8. Depression, anxiety, stress, and affect were assessed weekly. There was a significant negative
linear change in CAR, depression, stress, positive and negative affect throughout the study although only CAR differed by group. From week 2 to 5,
MIS decreased, on average, from 0.22 mug/dL to 0.14 mug/dL (-0.8 mug/dL), whereas PLA, on average, increased from 0.11 mug/dL to 0.17 mug/dL. MIS
continued to experience a decline in CAR, ending the study with an average CAR of 0.08 mug/dL. These results suggest that MIS may help maintain a
healthy physiological response during stressful life events.
, : 1-
12
- Year: 2022
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Homeopathic, plant-based medicines, Vitamins and supplements
Bray, I., Reece, R., Sinnett, D., Martin, F., Hayward, R.
Despite the growing problem of anxiety and depression amongst young people aged 14-24 years living in urban settings, reviews about
the role of exposure to green and blue spaces or nature in preventing anxiety and depression tend to focus on children, adults or sometimes
adolescents. This review aims to explore whether exposure to green and blue spaces reduces the risk of anxiety and depression among young people aged
14-24 years living in urban settings and provide a conceptual framework. The academic databases CINAHL plus, Global Health, MEDLINE, ProQuest:
Dissertations and Theses, PsycINFO, Scopus and OpenGrey were searched for research published in English between January 2000 and June 2020. All study
designs were eligible. All included studies were assessed for quality. Searches identified 9208 sources with 48 meeting the inclusion criteria for
the review. Experimental studies provided evidence that walking or being in a green space improves mood and state anxiety immediately following the
intervention. Non-randomised evaluations and observational studies suggest that social interaction, physical activity, and mindfulness mediate the
relationship between exposure to green space and mental health. We propose that the absence of noise and restorative qualities of green spaces
promotes mindfulness and interrupt rumination, which in turn reduce the risk of anxiety disorders and depression. This review and the resulting
conceptual framework provide evidence to healthcare professionals about the value of contact with nature and green social prescribing. For
policymakers, it provides evidence about the value of bringing the benefits of forests, vegetation and nature into cities, and ensuring that these
spaces are accessible and safe for young people to use. Copyright © 2022 The Authors
Environmental
Research, Part 4. 214 (no pagination) :
- Year: 2022
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Other complementary & alternative
interventions
Braito, I., Rudd, T., Buyuktaskin, D., Ahmed, M., Glancy, C., Mulligan, A.
Art therapy and art psychotherapy are often offered in Child and Adolescent Mental Health
services (CAMHS). We aimed to review the evidence regarding art therapy and art psychotherapy in children attending mental health services. We
searched PubMed, Web of Science, and EBSCO (CINHALComplete) following PRISMA guidelines, using the search terms (\"creative therapy\" OR \"art
therapy\") AND (child* OR adolescent OR teen*). We excluded review articles, articles which included adults, articles which were not written in
English and articles without outcome measures. We identified 17 articles which are included in our review synthesis. We described these in two
groups-ten articles regarding the treatment of children with a psychiatric diagnosis and seven regarding the treatment of children with psychiatric
symptoms, but no formal diagnosis. The studies varied in terms of the type of art therapy/psychotherapy delivered, underlying conditions and outcome
measures. Many were case studies/case series or small quasi-experimental studies; there were few randomised controlled trials and no replication
studies. However, there was some evidence that art therapy or art psychotherapy may benefit children who have experienced trauma or who have post-
traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. There is extensive literature regarding art therapy/psychotherapy in children but limited empirical papers
regarding its use in children attending mental health services. There is some evidence that art therapy or art psychotherapy may benefit children who
have experienced trauma. Further research is required, and it may be beneficial if studies could be replicated in different locations. Copyright ©
2021, The Author(s).
Irish Journal of Medical Science, 191(3) : 1369-
1383
- Year: 2022
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any)
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder), At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Creative expression: music, dance, drama, art
Bortoncello, C. F., Cardoso, N. O., Salvador, E. Z., de Avila, R. C., Machado,
W. L., Ferrao, Y. A.
Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of group cognitive-behavioral therapy (GCBT) for the treatment of adolescents with obsessive
compulsive disorder (OCD). Method(s): This review was registered in PROSPERO under number CRD42020158475. Five databases (PubMed, Virtual Health
Library, Web of Science, Scopus, and PsycINFO) were searched. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 13 studies were analyzed in the
qualitative synthesis (i.e., systematic review) and eight in the quantitative synthesis (i.e., meta-analysis). For the latter, fixed-effect modeling
was used to assess the primary outcome (i.e., OCD symptoms). Result(s): The main findings suggest that GCBT is effective in reducing the symptoms of
OCD in adolescents (d =-1.32). However, these results must be interpreted with caution, since all of the included studies showed some bias in their
design. Conclusion(s): GCBT is effective in reducing OCD symptoms in adolescents. Copyright © 2022, Associacao Brasileira de Psiquiatria. All rights
reserved.
Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry, 44(4) : 449-
460
- Year: 2022
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT)
Bolinski, F., Kleiboer, A., Neijenhuijs, K., Karyotaki, E., Wiers, R., de Koning, L., Jacobi, C., Zarski, A. C., Weisel, K. K., Cuijpers,
P., Riper,
H.
Background: Depression and anxiety are common mental health conditions
in college and university student populations. Offering transdiagnostic, web-based prevention programs such as ICare Prevent to those with
subclinical complaints has the potential to reduce some barriers to receiving help (eg, availability of services, privacy considerations, and
students' desire for autonomy). However, uptake of these interventions is often low, and accounts of recruitment challenges are needed to complement
available effectiveness research in student populations. Objective(s): The aims of this study were to describe recruitment challenges together with
effective recruitment strategies for ICare Prevent and provide basic information on the intervention's effectiveness. Method(s): A 3-arm randomized
controlled trial was conducted in a student sample with subclinical symptoms of depression and anxiety on the effectiveness of an individually guided
(human support and feedback on exercises provided after each session, tailored to each participant) and automatically guided (computer-generated
messages provided after each session, geared toward motivation) version of ICare Prevent, a web-based intervention with transdiagnostic components
for the indicated prevention of depression and anxiety. The intervention was compared with care as usual. Descriptive statistics were used to outline
recruitment challenges and effective web-based and offline strategies as well as students' use of the intervention. A basic analysis of intervention
effects was conducted using a Bayesian linear mixed model, with Bayes factors reported as the effect size. Result(s): Direct recruitment through
students' email addresses via the central student administration was the most effective strategy. Data from 35 participants were analyzed
(individually guided: n=14, 40%; automatically guided: n=8, 23%; care as usual: n=13, 37%). Use of the intervention was low, with an average of 3 out
of 7 sessions (SD 2.9) completed. The analyses did not suggest any intervention effects other than anecdotal evidence (all Bayes
factors10<=2.7). Conclusion(s): This report adds to the existing literature on recruitment challenges specific to the student population.
Testing the feasibility of recruitment measures and the greater involvement of the target population in their design, as well as shifting from direct
to indirect prevention, can potentially help future studies in the field. In addition, this report demonstrates an alternative basic analytical
strategy for underpowered randomized controlled trials. Trial Registration: International Clinical Trials Registry Platform NTR6562;
https://tinyurl.com/4rbexzrk International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID): RR2-10.1186/s13063-018-2477-y Copyright ©Felix Bolinski, Annet
Kleiboer, Koen Neijenhuijs, Eirini Karyotaki, Reinout Wiers, Lisa de Koning, Corinna Jacobi, Anna-Carlotta Zarski, Kiona K Weisel, Pim Cuijpers,
Heleen Riper.
Journal of Medical Internet
Research, 24(12) :
- Year: 2022
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions, Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)
Binfet, J. T., Tardif-Williams, C., Draper, Z. A., Green, F. L.
L., Singal, A., Rousseau, C. X., Roma, R.
Being a university student is known to be a stressful experience, and researchers across studies have
reported elevated stress and compromised mental health for university students when compared with findings from the general population. The
unexpected disruption to their studies arising from COVID-19 and its corresponding social isolation added to the stress experienced by students. This
study assessed the effects of a virtual canine-assisted intervention to support student stress reduction and wellbeing. Participants (n = 467) were
recruited from undergraduate psychology classes at a mid-size Western Canadian university and were randomly assigned to either synchronous (i.e.,
live Zoom) or asynchronous (i.e., pre-recorded YouTube videos) sessions with or without a dog present. An abbreviated, small group dose intervention
of five minutes was used and handlers across conditions followed a script that mirrored as closely as possible the dialogue shared during a typical
live, in-person visit (i.e., shared information about their dog, asked participants to reflect on their wellbeing, etc.). Measures of wellbeing
included 1-item measures of connectedness to campus, loneliness, and stress, the PANAS, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Circumplex Model of Affect,
and self-ratings of engagement during the intervention. Results of paired samples t-tests revealed that participants, regardless of condition,
reported significant reductions in anxiety, stress, loneliness, and negative affect and more positive emotional states and stronger feelings of
connectedness to their campus. Regarding the impact of platform delivery, participants reported greater campus connectedness following their
participation in the synchronous conditions; however, type of platform was not associated with other aspects of wellbeing as noted above. As
hypothesized, undergraduate students in this study did report feeling less stressed at the end of the intervention when a dog was present. The
implications of the findings are discussed within the context of university student wellbeing. Copyright © 2022 International Society for
Anthrozoology (ISAZ).
Anthrozoos., :
- Year: 2022
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention, At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Service Delivery & Improvement, Other complementary & alternative
interventions, Technology, comparing delivery mode (e.g. online vs. face-to-face)
Billows, M., Kakoschke,
N., Zajac, I. T.
Consumption of vitamin-rich fruits and
vegetables is emerging as a recommendation for the prevention and treatment of depression and anxiety. This review sought to examine literature
investigating the role of kiwifruit in supporting psychological well-being in adult populations through increased vitamin C intake. The literature
search using CINAHL, Embase and PubMed databases was restricted to English-language articles published from 2005 through July 2022. Inclusion
criteria were randomized trials that delivered kiwifruit interventions to adult populations assessing psychological well-being. Studies were assessed
for bias using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool for randomized controlled trials. The literature search identified two eligible
trials involving 202 participants that delivered gold kiwifruit interventions and evaluated aspects of psychological well-being (e.g., mood
disturbance, vitality, vigour, depression). Daily consumption of two gold kiwifruit was associated with significant reductions in mood disturbance
and fatigue, and significant increases in well-being and vigour. Larger effects were observed in participants with higher baseline mood disturbance.
Additional research involving a broader range of cohorts and isolating the effects of other micronutrients within gold kiwifruit implicated in the
pathophysiology of depression is warranted. Overall, preliminary evidence suggests that daily consumption of two gold kiwifruit might improve
psychological well-being in adult populations. Copyright © 2022 by the authors.
Nutrients, 14(21) :
- Year: 2022
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Vitamins and supplements, Other complementary & alternative
interventions
Bilek, E., Tomlinson, R. C., Whiteman, A. S., Johnson, T. D., Benedict, C., Phan, K. L., Monk, C.
S., Fitzgerald, K. D.
OBJECTIVE: The
relative contribution of individual cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) components to treatment outcomes for child anxiety disorders (CADs) is
unclear. Recent meta-analyses suggest that exposure may be the primary active ingredient in CBT for CADs, and that relaxation may be relatively less
effective. This brief report tests the hypothesis that exposure-focused CBT (EF-CBT) would outperform a relaxation-based active therapy control
(Relaxation Mentorship Training; RMT) for the treatment of CADs. METHOD(S): Participants were 102 youth with CADs (mean age = 11.91, 26 males; 76.4%
White, 14.7% Multiracial, 3.9% Black, 3.9% Asian, 0.9% other/do not wish to identify) as part of an ongoing neuroimaging randomized controlled trial.
Participants were randomly assigned (ratio 2:1) to receive 12 sessions of EF-CBT (n = 70) or RMT (n = 32). Clinical improvement was measured at Week
12 (Clinical Global Impression - Improvement scale; CGI-I); treatment response was defined as receiving a rating of \"very much\" or \"much improved
\" on the CGI-I. Anxiety severity was measured at Weeks 1, 6, 9, 12 (Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale; PARS). Outcome measures were completed by an
independent evaluator unaware of condition. RESULT(S): EF-CBT exhibited 2.98 times higher odds of treatment completion than RMT; 13 treatment non-
completers were included in analyses. Estimated treatment response rates were higher for EF-CBT (57.3%) than for RMT (19.2%). Longitudinal analyses
indicated that EF-CBT was associated with faster and more pronounced anxiety reductions than RMT on the PARS (Hedges' g = .77). CONCLUSION(S):
Results suggest that EF-CBT without relaxation is effective for CADs, and more effective than a relaxation-based intervention.
Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 51
(4) : 410-418
- Year: 2022
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Social phobia (social anxiety disorder)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT), Exposure therapy, Exposure
and response prevention, Relaxation
Berry, C., Hodgekins, J., French, P., Clarke, T., Shepstone, L., Barton, G., Banerjee, R., Byrne, R., Fraser, R., Grant, K., Greenwood, K., Notley, C., Parker, S., Wilson, J., Yung, A. R., Fowler, D.
Background: Young people with social disability and severe and complex mental health problems have poor outcomes,
frequently struggling with treatment access and engagement. Outcomes may be improved by enhancing care and providing targeted psychological or
psychosocial intervention. Aims: We aimed to test the hypothesis that adding social recovery therapy (SRT) to enhanced standard care (ESC) would
improve social recovery compared with ESC alone. Method: A pragmatic, assessor-masked, randomised controlled trial (PRODIGY: ISRCTN47998710) was
conducted in three UK centres. Participants (n = 270) were aged 16-25 years, with persistent social disability, defined as under 30 hours of
structured activity per week, social impairment for at least 6 months and severe and complex mental health problems. Participants were randomised to
ESC alone or SRT plus ESC. SRT was an individual psychosocial therapy delivered over 9 months. The primary outcome was time spent in structured
activity 15 months post-randomisation. Results: We randomised 132 participants to SRT plus ESC and 138 to ESC alone. Mean weekly hours in structured
activity at 15 months increased by 11.1 h for SRT plus ESC (mean 22.4, s.d. = 21.4) and 16.6 h for ESC alone (mean 27.7, s.d. = 26.5). There was no
significant difference between arms; treatment effect was -4.44 (95% CI -10.19 to 1.31, P = 0.13). Missingness was consistently greater in the ESC
alone arm. Conclusions: We found no evidence for the superiority of SRT as an adjunct to ESC. Participants in both arms made large, clinically
significant improvements on all outcomes. When providing comprehensive evidence-based standard care, there are no additional gains by providing
specialised SRT. Optimising standard care to ensure targeted delivery of existing interventions may further improve outcomes. (PsycInfo Database
Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)
, 220(3) : 154-
162
- Year: 2022
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders, Psychosis Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention), Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions
Berg, M., Lindegaard, T., Flygare, A., Sjobrink, J., Hagvall, L., Palmeback, S., Klemetz, H., Ludvigsson, M., Andersson, G.
Low self-esteem is a common problem among adolescents and is related to psychiatric problems such as
depression and anxiety. However, effective and available interventions primarily targeting low self-esteem are scarce, in particular for youths. To
address this gap, the aim of this pilot study was to evaluate a novel internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (ICBT) program for low self-esteem
in adolescents using a randomized controlled design. Fifty-two participants (15-19 years) were recruited and randomly allocated to seven weeks of
therapist-supported ICBT (n=26) or to a waitlist control condition (n=26). The primary outcome was the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). Secondary
outcomes measured domain-specific aspects of self-esteem, self-compassion, quality of life, depression and anxiety. The treatment group showed
significantly higher levels of self-rated self-esteem compared to the control group at post-treatment, with a large between-group effect-size (RSES,
d = 1.18). Further, the treatment had significant positive impact on secondary measures of self-esteem, self-compassion, quality of life, depression
and anxiety. The results of this pilot-RCT suggest that ICBT can be effective for treating low self-esteem in adolescents, decrease depression and
anxiety levels, and increasing quality of life. Replication of the results in larger samples is needed.
, 51(5) : 388-407
- Year: 2022
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT), Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)
Bazzano, A. N., Sun, Y., Chavez-Gray, V., Akintimehin, T., Gustat, J., Barrera, D., Roi,
C.
Mental health conditions
in childhood and adolescence are increasing in the U.S. population and require early intervention, as highlighted by a recent Surgeon General's
Advisory on Protecting Youth Mental Health. These health issues, which have been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, impair functioning, and may
lead to longer term reductions in quality of life. Young adolescents are likely to experience stressors including academic pressure, feelings of
loneliness and isolation, and excessive exposure to social media, all of which have been made worse by the pandemic and associated disruptions.
Universal preventive programs at school serve as an important strategy for equipping youth with coping skills to address current and future social
and emotional challenges. Yoga and mindfulness programs have emerged as a promising preventive approach for schools and have proven feasible and
acceptable. The current study evaluated a universal, school-based mindfulness and yoga program among youth aged 11-14 in a racially diverse, urban
setting in the United States. Outcomes of interest included symptoms of anxiety and depression. Anxiety and depression symptoms decreased in the
intervention group, although these differences were not statistically significant. In the control group, anxiety symptoms decreased but depression
symptoms increased. The resulting time effect indicated a significant decrease in anxiety symptoms, while the time by group effect revealed a strong
trend in depression symptoms. Future research should investigate the utility of yoga and mindfulness interventions for early adolescents in a larger
population, and the differences in intervention effect among subgroups, with attention to longer term outcomes. Copyright © 2022 by the authors.
International Journal of
Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(19) :
- Year: 2022
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Psychological Interventions
(any), Mindfulness based
therapy, Mind-body exercises (e.g. yoga, tai chi, qigong)