Disorders - Anxiety Disorders
Hill, M. D., Gibson, A. M., Wagerman, S.
A., Flores, E. D., Kelly, L. A.
Background: There is a paucity of data directly comparing the effects of aerobic versus resistance
exercise within a single cohort. Objective(s): The study aimed to investigate the effects of an acute bout of aerobic and resistance exercise on
state anxiety and cognitive function. Equipment and methods: Participants completed three laboratory visits randomized between aerobic exercise
(cycling at a self-selected intensity), resistance exercise (three sets; 10 repetitions; six exercises), and a control condition (seated rest). State
anxiety and cognitive function were assessed before and after each condition. Result(s): Reductions in state anxiety that approached significance
were seen immediately following aerobic exercise yet were non-significant in the resistance and control conditions. Cognitive function significantly
improved following aerobic exercise yet this was not evident in the resistance or control conditions. Conclusion(s): Acute aerobic exercise at a
self-selected intensity may be an effective way of reducing state anxiety and improving cognitive function, when compared to seated rest or
resistance training. Copyright © 2018
Science and Sports., 34(4) : 216-221
- Year: 2019
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Physical activity, exercise
Carsley, D., Heath, N. L.
OBJECTIVE: This study compared the effectiveness of mindfulness coloring (mandala), free drawing/coloring, and a noncoloring control
activity for university students' test anxiety, and assessed the relationship of dispositional mindfulness and response to intervention on
mindfulness and test anxiety states. PARTICIPANTS: University students (n=167; 81.4% female; Mage = 21.29years, SD=4.46) were randomly assigned to a
mandala (n=57), free draw/coloring (n=58), or noncoloring condition (n=52). METHOD(S): Participants completed standardized measures assessing test
anxiety and state mindfulness pre-postactivity before completing a test, and two dispositional mindfulness measures. RESULT(S): Participants in both
coloring conditions reported significant decreases in test anxiety and significant increases in state mindfulness pre-postintervention, and
participants in the control condition reported significant increases in test anxiety. Reports of preintervention state mindfulness and test anxiety
fully mediated relations between dispositional mindfulness and postintervention state mindfulness and test anxiety. CONCLUSION(S): Implications for
research and practice on mindfulness coloring and test anxiety are discussed.
Journal of American College Health, : 1-
10
- Year: 2019
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Psychological Interventions
(any), Mindfulness based
therapy, Creative expression: music, dance, drama, art
Noormohamadi, S. M., Arefi, M., Afshaini, K., Kakabaraee, K.
Adolescence and youth are important periods in the growth and excellence of an individual. Given the
importance of the study, its purpose was to determine the effect of rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT) on anxiety and resilience in students.
Students admitted to the counseling centers of Ilam University were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Using convenient sampling
method, 30 subjects were selected and randomly assigned to either REBT tests or a control group (10 subjects in each). The 26 codes of ethics were
observed in the study and the data were analyzed using SPSS17. Before the intervention, the anxiety score was 26.75 (4.43) and after the intervention
it was 18 (4.403) (p < 0.05), but in the control group it was 31.34 (6.04) before the intervention and after the intervention it was 32.35 (5.17) (p
> 0.05). Before the intervention, the anxiety score was 52.77 (13.37) and after the intervention it was 60.00 (14.31) (p < 0.05), but in the control
group it was 47.00 (8.73) before the intervention and after the intervention it was 49.76 (9.10) (p > 0.05). REBT was effective in students as it
reduced anxiety and increased resilience. Thus, it is suggested for use in students' care. Copyright © 2019 Walter de Gruyter GmbH,
Berlin/Boston.
International
Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health., :
- Year: 2019
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention), Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions
Ahmadi, K., Hazrati, M., Ahmadizadeh, M., Noohi,
S.
Objective: Not perceiving circadian shifts of sunlight due to living in enclosed environments may have deleterious
effects on mental health and plasma parameters. This study aimed to determine the effect of dim regulation on the submarine personnel of Iranian Navy
forces by radiating devices according to natural circadian sunlight shifts. Also, this study aimed to investigate the impact of mimicking sunlight
circadian by artificial radiance luminating devices on the serological and psychological measures of submarine personnel. Method(s): Participants
were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups in this non-randomized controlled trial. There were 26 participants in each group, and they
were all male aged 21-29 years. Both groups were living in the submarine underground hall, with 120 meters 2 area with constant radiance with the
same intensity. The experimental group had been given extra lighting devices with changing radiance intensity according to the natural sunlight
circadian cycles. Plasma melatonin levels and depression and anxiety scores were determined before and after the experiment for both groups.
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and Cattell's Anxiety Scale Questionnaire (IPAT) were used to measure depression and anxiety,
respectively. Result(s): Findings indicate that the plasma melatonin levels (-16.2+/-13.6 vs 8.0+/-9.3 mg/dL, respectively; p<0.001), depression
scores (-6+/-6 vs 3.9+/-5.4, respectively; p<0.001), and anxiety scores (-1+/-1.2 vs 0.73+/-1.04, respectively; p<0.001) significantly reduced in the
experimental group compared to the control group. Conclusion(s): Using radiance dimmers, with a radiance intensity regularity according to the
sunlight, is effective in improving psychiatric and plasma parameters and can be used in closed occupational environments such as underground
environments and submarine halls. Copyright © 2019 Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.
Iranian Journal of Psychiatry, 14(2) : 147-
153
- Year: 2019
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Bright light therapy
Carpena, M. X., Tavares, P. D. S., Menezes, C. B.
Background: Evidence shows high prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms among university students. This study
investigated whether a meditation-based program would help reducing these symptoms in this population. Method(s): Non-randomized controlled trial
investigating the effects of a six-week focused meditation training on depression (Beck Depression Inventory) and anxiety (Beck Anxiety Inventory)
outcomes among university students. Participants were allocated into a meditation or waiting list control group. Assessment occurred pre and post
intervention and only for the meditation group at 6 and 12 months follow-up. General linear model for repeated measures evaluated the intervention
effect considering group and time factors, controlling for minor psychiatric disorders, gender and absence at meetings. Result(s): The meditation
group presented a reduction in depression and anxiety symptoms after intervention compared to controls. Among the meditation group, depression (at 6
months follow-up) and anxiety (at 6 and 12 months follow-up) scores were lower for those who continued practicing. Limitation(s): Non-randomization
and absence of daily practice record (precluding dose-response gradient evaluation). Conclusion(s): The meditation training was effective in reducing
depression and anxiety symptoms, but the maintanance of these reductions only occurred for those who continued meditating. Permanent meditation
programs may be an alternative for promoting mental health for university students. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V.
Journal of Affective
Disorders, 246 : 401-407
- Year: 2019
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Meditation
Chen, X. B.
To study the effect of 5-hydroxytryptamine reuptake inhibitor combined with thought guidance on the students with
anxiety disorder in order to relieve the psychological pressure and promote the development of students' physical and mental health. Sixty students
with anxiety disorder were divided into experimental group (n=30) and control group (n=30). Thirty patients in the experimental group were treated
with 5-hydroxytryptamine reuptake inhibitor and thought-guided therapy, while the control group was not treated. The anxiety of the two groups was
observed at day 5, 10 and 15, and the effect of treatment was evaluated using the Hamilton anxiety rating scale (HAM-A), and Young's mania rating
scale (YMRS). After 5 days, compared with the control group, the effective rate and cure rate of anxiety disorder in the experimental group are
increased by 38 and 40 %, respectively; After 10 days, the effective rate and cure rate of anxiety disorder are increased by 45 and 52 %,
respectively; After 15 days, the effective rate and cure rate of anxiety disorder were increased by 60 and 65 %, respectively. The HAM-A and YMRS of
the 5th, 10th and 15th day were evaluated and the results showed that the scores of the experimental group were significantly different from those of
the control group (p<0.01). 5-hydroxy tryptamine reuptake inhibitor and ideological guidance have a good effect on the treatment of students with
anxiety disorder.
Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 81 (1 Supplement 1) : 18-
19
- Year: 2019
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Biological Interventions
(any), Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), Antidepressants
(any), Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions
Rith-Najarian, L. R., Mesri, B., Park, A. L., Sun, M., Chavira, D. A., Chorpita, B. F.
Cognitive behavioral therapies (CBT)
for youth with anxiety, traumatic stress, and depression have demonstrated strong effects in individual studies and meta-analyses. Relatively more
attention has been given to posttreatment effects, though, and assessment of follow-up effects has been limited at the meta-analytic level. The
current meta-analysis aimed to (a) examine the effects of youth CBT at posttreatment, 1-month, 3-month, 6-month, 1-year, and long-term (2+ years)
follow-up as well as (b) identify research-related variables (e.g., measure respondent type) that relate to effects. Using a random effects model
across 110 child and adolescent CBT groups, within-group effect sizes were large at posttreatment (g = 1.24) and from 1-month through long-term
follow-up (g = 1.23-1.82), and effect sizes did not significantly differ by treatment target (i.e., anxiety, traumatic stress, depression). However,
availability of outcome data for effect sizes diminished across later follow-up assessments. Moreover, effect sizes were significantly associated
with outcome respondent type across assessment timing, with outcome measures from caregiver and youth respondents associated with smaller effect
sizes (B = -0.97, p < 0.001) relative to outcome measures that were evaluator-reported. Results provide initial support for the durability of
treatment effects for youth CBTs and highlight the importance of some confounding variables. Implications for improving treatment research standards
and prioritizing assessment of long-term follow-up assessment are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
Behavior Therapy, 50(1) : 225-
240
- Year: 2019
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Depressive Disorders
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT)
Morgan, A. J., Fischer, J. A. A., Hart, L. M., Kelly, C. M., Kitchener, B. A., Reavley, N. J., Yap, M. B. H., Cvetkovski, S., Jorm, A. F.
Background: There is well-established evidence that Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) training improves
knowledge about how to support someone developing a mental health problem, but less evidence that this support improves the mental health of the
recipient of aid. This randomised controlled trial aimed to assess the long-term effects of MHFA training of parents on the mental health of their
adolescent children. Method(s): 384 Australian parents of an adolescent aged 12-15 were randomised to receive either the 14-h Youth MHFA course or
the 15-h Australian Red Cross Provide First Aid course. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, 1-year, and 2-year follow-up in both parents and
adolescents. Primary outcomes were cases of adolescent mental health problems, and parental support towards their adolescent if they developed a
mental health problem, rated by the parent and adolescent. Secondary outcomes included parent knowledge about mental health problems, intentions and
confidence in supporting a young person, stigmatizing attitudes, and help-seeking for mental health problems. Result(s): Parent and adolescent
reports showed no significant difference between training groups in the proportion of cases of adolescents with a mental health problem over time (ps
>.05). There was also no significant difference between training groups in the quality of parental support provided to their adolescent at 1- or 2-
year follow-up (ps >.05). In contrast, some secondary outcomes showed benefits from the Youth MHFA training relative to the control, with increased
parental knowledge about mental health problems at 1-year (d = 0.43) and 2-year follow-up (d = 0.26), and increased confidence to help a young person
(d = 0.26) and intentions to provide effective support (d = 0.22) at 1-year follow-up. Conclusion(s): The study showed some improvements in mental
health literacy in training recipients, but could not detect changes in the mental health of adolescents and the support provided to them by their
parents if they had a mental health problem. However, there was a lack of power to detect primary outcome effects and therefore the question of
whether MHFA training leads to better outcomes in the recipients of aid remains to be further explored. Trial registration: ACTRN12612000390886,
registered retrospectively 5/4/2012. Copyright © 2019 The Author(s).
BMC Psychiatry, 19 (1) (no
pagination)(99) :
- Year: 2019
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Psychoeducation
Shum, A. K., Lai, E. S., Leung, W. G., Cheng, M. N., Wong, H. K., So, S. W., Law, Y. W., Yip, P. S.
BACKGROUND: In Hong Kong, with an
increasing number of children experiencing mental health issues, there is a need to not only develop innovative interventions but also develop
comprehensive prevention interventions so as to reduce their anxiety symptoms and enhance their emotional management and interpersonal relationships.
OBJECTIVE(S): The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of The Adventures of DoReMiFa, an integration model of the cognitive-
behavioral approach and positive psychology by using digital game-based and school-based mental health enhancement intervention to magnify the social
and emotional health and well-being of the school children in Hong Kong aged 9 to 11 years. METHOD(S): A quasi-experimental design method was used to
evaluate this digital game and school-based intervention. The Adventures of DoReMiFa was piloted in 4 primary schools where students were allocated
to either an intervention or a control group. The participants were assessed at pre- and postintervention with a 6-month follow-up measuring their
mental health knowledge, levels of anxiety symptoms, positive and negative thinking, perspective-taking, and self-esteem. RESULT(S): A total of 459
primary school students from 4 primary schools participated in the study. The response rate on the questionnaires answered on the Web was up to 85.1%
(391/459). Compared with the control group, the intervention group was found to have significant association with improved mental health knowledge at
the time immediately after the intervention (beta=.46; P=.01) and in the 6-month postintervention period (beta=.66; P<.001); for perspective-taking,
the intervention group had exhibited a significant improvement 6 months after the completion of the universal program (beta=1.50; P=.03). The
intervention, however, was found not to be effective in reducing the rates of anxiety symptoms and negative thinking among the participating
students. CONCLUSION(S): The Adventures of DoReMiFa, an integration of a digital game-based and school-based mental health enhancement intervention,
was shown to be effective in elevating the knowledge of mental health and promoting perspective-taking in the primary school students of Hong Kong.
Although there was insufficient evidence to support a reduction in symptoms of anxiety and negative automatic thoughts, the overall results were
still encouraging in that a preventive effect was found, indicating that the program has the potential to enhance the mental well-being of
schoolchildren. It also suggests that knowledge enhancement may not necessarily lead to behavior change, and more focused effort may be needed to
achieve the translation. The implications and limitations of this study and suggestions for future research were also discussed. Copyright ©Angie KY
Shum, Eliza SY Lai, Wing Gi Leung, Mabel NS Cheng, Ho Kit Wong, Sam WK So, Yik Wa Law, Paul SF Yip. Originally published in the Journal of Medical
Internet Research (http://www.jmir.org), 05.04.2019.
Journal of Medical
Internet Research, 21(4) : e12003
- Year: 2019
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions, Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)
Zhou, X., Zhang, Y., Furukawa, T.A., Cuijpers, P., Pu, J., Weisz, J.R., etal.
Importance: Anxiety disorders are common in children and adolescents, and uncertainty remains
regarding the optimal strategy of psychotherapies in this population. Objective: To compare and rank the different types of psychotherapies and the
different ways of delivering psychological treatments for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. Data Sources: PubMed, Cochrane Central
Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), ProQuest
Dissertations, LILACS (Literatura Latino Americana em Ciencias da Saude), international trial registers, and US Food and Drug Administration reports
were searched from inception to November 30, 2017. Study Selection: Randomized clinical trials that compared any structured psychotherapy with
another psychotherapy or a control condition for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents were selected. Data Extraction and Synthesis: Four
researchers independently performed data extraction and quality assessment. Pairwise meta-analyses and Bayesian network meta-analysis within the
random-effects model were used to synthesize data. Main Outcomes and Measures: Efficacy (change in anxiety symptoms) posttreatment and at follow-up,
acceptability (all-cause discontinuation), and quality of life and functional improvement were measured. The certainty of evidence was assessed using
the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework. Results: A total of 101 unique trials including 6625 unique
participants compared 11 different psychotherapies with 4 specific control conditions. The certainty of evidence was rated as low or very low for
most comparisons. For efficacy, most psychotherapies were significantly more effective than the wait list condition posttreatment (standardized mean
difference [SMD], -1.43 to -0.61) and at the longest follow-up (SMD, -1.84 to -1.64). However, only group cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) was
significantly more effective than the other psychotherapies and all control conditions posttreatment. For acceptability, bibliotherapy CBT had
significantly more all-cause discontinuations than some psychotherapies and control conditions (range of odds ratios, 2.48-9.32). In terms of quality
of life and functional improvement, CBT (delivered in different ways) was significantly beneficial compared with psychological placebo and the wait
list condition (SMDs, 0.73 to 1.99). Conclusions and Relevance: Group CBT would be the more appropriate choice of psychotherapy for anxiety disorders
in children and adolescents, based on these findings. Other types of psychotherapies and different ways of delivering psychological treatment can be
alternative options. Further research is needed to explore specific anxiety disorders, disorder-specific psychotherapy, and moderators of treatment
effect. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
JAMA Psychiatry, 76(1) : 41-
50
- Year: 2019
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any)
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any)
Zheng, H.
More
effective, tolerable interventions for treatment-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are needed. Preliminary findings encourage optimism
that methylphenidate augmentation may be of benefit in the treatment of OCD. To test modulator methylphenidate (MPH) of extended-release formulations
(MPH-ER) a safe and effective add-on therapy for refractory OCD, a pilot randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial was conducted at an
outpatient, single-center academic setting. Participants included 44 adults with serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI) treatment-refractory OCD and
receiving a stable fluvoxamine pharmacotherapy with Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) scores higher than 20. Data were analyzed in the
intention-to-treat sample. All subjects were randomized into two parallel groups to receive fluvoxamine (250 mg daily) plus MPH-ER (36 mg daily) or
fluvoxamine (250 mg daily) plus identical placebo tablets under double-blind conditions and followed for 8 weeks. Forty-four patients (29 [66%] men),
with a mean (SD) age of 24.7 (6) years participated; with a mean (SD) duration of episode 5.7 (3) were randomized and forty-one finished the trial.
In the intention-to-treat analysis, the improvement in the Y-BOCS total score and Y-BOCS obsession subscale score was more prominent in the
fluvoxamine and MPH-ER group compared with those receiving placebo (P <.001). Additionally, cumulative response rates were higher in the MPH-ER vs
placebo groups (59% vs 5%; P <.001). MPH-ER was well tolerated; No subjects dropped out due to side effects. In summary, combined treatment with
MPH-ER demonstrated an enhanced clinical rate of response compared to placebo. Further trials should examine MPH-ER efficacy in a larger sample
Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd
European Neuropsychopharmacology, 29(3) : 397-
404
- Year: 2019
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder), Treatment resistant/treatment refractory
-
Treatment and intervention: Biological Interventions
(any), Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), Antidepressants
(any), Other biological interventions
Nnamani, A., Akabogu, J., Otu, M. S., Ukoha, E., Uloh-Bethels, A. C., Omile, J. C., Obiezu, M. N., Dike, A. E., Ike, C. V., Iyekekpolor, O. M.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of a cognitive behaviour
language therapy (CBLT) programme to reduce speech anxiety among stuttering school adolescents. METHOD(S): This was a group randomized clinical trial
that enrolled stuttering school adolescents who had severe speech anxiety. The participants were randomized to either the treatment group or the
control group. The Speech Anxiety Thoughts Inventory (SATI) score was recorded before and after a 12-week CBLT programme was delivered in 24 group
sessions to the treatment group. The control group did not receive any therapy. RESULT(S): A total of 92 stuttering school adolescents who met the
inclusion criteria were randomized to the treatment group ( n=46; 22 males, 24 females; mean+/-SD age, 16.36+/-2.20 years) or the control group (
n=46; 28 males, 18 females; mean+/-SD age, 15.45+/-2.10 years). Results showed that the CBLT intervention significantly reduced speech anxiety among
stuttering school adolescents compared with the control group (post-test SATI assessment, mean+/-SD 26.52+/-1.67 versus 89.92+/-3.17, respectively).
CONCLUSION(S): These findings suggest that speech educators and therapists in educational institutions and hospitals should follow the principles of
CBLT when treating speech anxiety.
Journal of International Medical Research, 47(7) : 3109-
3114
- Year: 2019
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT)