Disorders - Anxiety Disorders
Rosenstock, A., Connolly, M., Weller,
R., Hong, M. Y.
Introduction:
Brazil nuts are the highest known food source of selenium. Selenium has exhibited a multitude of health benefits including increased antioxidant
capacity, improvement of lipid profiles, insulin and glucose responses, and potential elevation of mood. The purpose of the present study was to
determine the effects of Brazil nut consumption on postprandial satiety, glucose, insulin, antioxidant activity and anxiety in healthy subjects.
Hypothesis: The hypothesis was that consumption of Brazil nuts would increase satiety and antioxidant capacity, improve blood glucose and insulin
levels and decrease anxiety compared to an isocaloric (131 kcal) selenium-free carbohydrate snack. Method(s): In a crossover design with two trials,
22 healthy adults (age 25 +/- 1.1y, BMI 22.3 +/-0.7 kg/m2) consumed pretzels (36g) and isocaloric, sodium-matched Brazil nuts (20g),
separated by a 48-hour washout period. A visual analogue scale measured satiety at baseline, 20 and 40 minutes after snack consumption, while the
modified anxiety scale measured anxiety at baseline and 40 minutes. Blood glucose, insulin and antioxidant levels were measured at baseline and 40
minutes post consumption. Result(s): Both the Brazil nuts and pretzels increased satiety with greater satiety in Brazil nuts compared to pretzels
(P<0.05), and decreased anxiety (P=0.020) from baseline to 40 min post consumption with no significant differences between the two trials. Pretzel
consumption caused a significant increase in blood glucose and insulin (P<0.001) at 40 min post consumption compared to baseline, while Brazil nut
consumption did not significantly increase blood glucose or insulin levels. No significant differences were found between the trials on antioxidant
capacity. Conclusion(s): Brazil nut consumption improved postprandial satiety and stabilized glucose and insulin responses which may be beneficial in
maintenance and/or prevention of diabetes and reduction in incidence of overweight and obesity. Further studies on long term effects of Brazil nut
consumption on reducing overall food intake and preventing cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and weight gain are warranted.
Circulation. Conference, 138(Supplement 1) :
- Year: 2018
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Other complementary & alternative
interventions
Heiervang, E. R., Villabo, M. A., Wergeland, G. J.
Purpose of review To present an updated review of recent studies into the effect of
cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents, ways to increase access to therapy, and predictors and moderators
of therapy effect. Recent findings The evidence base of CBT for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents continues to grow, demonstrating short
and long-term efficacy and effectiveness. However, compared with active control conditions its effect appear to be modest; and a substantial
percentage of youth do not show stable longterm remission. Standard CBT is often costly, with high noncompletion rates. New strategies to increase
access to effective therapy for the large number of youth with anxiety disorders is therefore of priority. Additionally, there is a need for
developing new ways to treat nonresponders, and to identify predictors and moderators of the effects of CBT. Summary Although there is evidence for
the efficacy and effectiveness of CBT for youth with anxiety disorders, there is doubt regarding its superiority over active control comparisons.
Long-term outcome is uncertain, as a substantial percentage of youth remains impaired at follow-up. It is essential to develop more cost-efficient
strategies to reach youth with anxiety disorders with effective treatments, and to identify early indicators for youth needing additional therapy.
Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Current Opinion in
Psychiatry, 31(6) : 484-489
- Year: 2018
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any)
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT)
Tokolahi, E., Vandal, A. C., Kersten,
P., Pearson, J., Hocking, C.
Background: The impact of
occupational therapy on mental health outcomes for children is largely unexplored. The aim of this study was to investigate an evidence-based
occupational therapy intervention designed to increase participation in daily occupations to prevent symptoms of mental illness for children and run
in schools. Method(s): The study used a pragmatic, cluster-randomised controlled trial design with two arms. Fourteen clusters (schools), equating to
151 child participants, were stratified by school decile-rank category and block randomised. Blinding of participants post-randomisation was not
feasible; however, outcomes assessors were blinded. Outcomes were measured at baseline, after the parallel and crossover phases, and at follow-up;
and were anxiety symptoms (primary), depression symptoms, self-esteem, participation and wellbeing. Intention-to-treat analysis was applied and mixed
linear modelling was used to account for clusters and repeated measures, and to adjust for covariates identified. Result(s): This trial found
significant positive effects of the intervention on child-rated satisfaction with their occupational performance and teacher-rated child anxiety. No
evidence was found to support the effect of the intervention on anxiety and depression symptoms, self-esteem and wellbeing. Conclusion(s): This was
the first known cluster-randomised controlled trial to investigate an occupational therapy intervention promoting emotional wellbeing in a non-
clinical sample of children. No compelling evidence was found to support the use of the intervention in schools in its current format, however,
results were promising that the focus on occupations influenced participation. Recommendations are made to redesign the intervention as an embedded
intervention in the classroom, cotaught by teachers and including parental involvement. Copyright © 2018 Association for Child and Adolescent Mental
Health
Child and Adolescent
Mental Health, 23(4) : 313-327
- Year: 2018
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT), Other Psychological Interventions, Other service delivery and improvement
interventions
Bentley, K.
H., Boettcher, H., Bullis, J. R., Carl, J. R., Conklin, L. R., Sauer-Zavala, S., Pierre-
Louis, C., Farchione, T. J., Barlow, D. H.
Cognitive-behavioral prevention programs have demonstrated efficacy in reducing subclinical symptoms of anxiety and depression, and there
is some evidence to suggest that they can lower the risk of future disorder onset. However, existing interventions tend to be relatively lengthy and
target specific disorders or problem areas, both of which limit their potential for widespread dissemination. To address these limitations, we aimed
to develop a single-session, transdiagnostic preventive intervention based on the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional
Disorders for young adults at risk for developing anxiety and/or depressive disorders within a college setting. Results from this proof-of-concept
study indicated that the intervention was viewed as highly satisfactory and acceptable. The intervention also was successful at delivering adaptive
emotion management skills in its 2-hr workshop format. Future studies evaluating the efficacy of this novel transdiagnostic, emotion-focused
prevention program are warranted.
Behavior Modification, 42(5) : 781-805
- Year: 2018
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions
Amirzadegan, M., Ghahari, S., Asgharnejad Farid, A. A.
Aims and context.- Child sexual
abuse is one of the most common psycho-social health problem which bring so many negative consequences for the child. The current study is aimed on
comparison the efficiency of play and narrative therapy on decreasing depression, anxiety and aggression of sexually abused children. Methodology.-
The current study is an experimental research along pre-test, post-test and a control group. The statistical group was included all the children
between 7 to 12 years old who visited Rooyesh Nahal Tehran Institute in 2017. Among this group, 45 victim children (sexually abused) were selected by
means of available sampling method and divided into the two experimental groups: 1- play therapy 2-narrative therapy, and one control group randomly
(Each group was included 15 people). Experimental groups was intervened by play and narrative therapy separately during 10 sessions, and control
group was put on the waiting list. Both groups filled these questionnaires at the baseline and after treatment: Children and Adolescent Depression
Scale (C.A.D.S), Multidimensional anxiety scale for children (M.A.S.C). The data analyzed through the descriptive and deductive statistical analysis
(covariance analysis. ANCOVA). Findings.- The results of multivariable covariance analysis were referred to a significant differences between two
experimental groups with the control group. The Comparison of experimental groups pointed that the narrative therapy in compare with play therapy had
more efficiency on decreasing the level of anxiety and aggression among sexually abused children (P < 0.05) while the play therapy was more effective
than narrative therapy in reducing depression of sexually abused children (P < 0.05). Conclusion.- Narrative therapy has more efficiency than the
play therapy on decreasing level of anxiety and aggression of sexually abused children, and play therapy is more effective than narrative therapy on
reducing depression of sexually abused children.
European Psychiatry, 48 (Supplement
1) : S143
- Year: 2018
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions, Narrative exposure therapy (NET)
Sahranavard, S., Esmaeili, A., Dastjerdi, R., Salehiniya, H.
Background and objective: Anxiety sensitivity, positive and negative affection and hope
are the important factors in promoting mental health of students. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of stress-
management-based cognitive-behavioral treatments on anxiety sensitivity, hope, positive and negative affect in female students of Medical Sciences.
Material(s) and Method(s): This research was a trail study with pre-test, post-test and control group. A sample of 30 subjects, were selected by
available sampling and were randomly assigned using Block Randomization Method of two groups (experimental and control groups). Schneider's hope
questionnaire, Watson's positive and negative affect questionnaire, Clarke and Tolgman's questionnaire, Reiss et al.'s anxiety sensitivity of the
revised index questionnaire, were completed in two stages (pre-test and post-test) by all subjects. A 6-session protocol of cognitive-behavioral
group treatment was performed only on the experimental group. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and MANOVA analysis of variance. Result(s): Two
experimental and control groups with the mean 22, standard deviation1. 13, average age is 22 years. Stress-management-based cognitive-behavioral
treatments were effective on the level of anxiety sensitivity and hope (p <0.016), however, it had no significant positive effect on the amount of
positive and negative affect (p <0.016). Conclusion(s): According to the results, it can be concluded that cognitive-behavioral treatments are
effective on anxiety sensitivity and hope. Therefore, stress-management-based cognitive-behavioral training can reduce students' anxiety sensitivity
and increase their hopes for coping with challenges. Copyright © Author(s) 2018. This article is published with open access by China Medical
University
BioMedicine (France), 8(4) : 10-17
- Year: 2018
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT)
Carsley,
D., Heath, N. L.
The purpose of this study was to
compare the effectiveness of a mindfulness art activity (mandala) with a free draw/colouring activity on test anxiety in adolescents with an
examination of gender differences, and to assess the effect of dispositional mindfulness on students' experience of mindfulness and test anxiety
states. Participants were 193 Grade 8 students (56.6% female; Mage = 13.49 years, SD = 0.50) randomly assigned to a mandala (n = 97) or free
draw/colouring condition (n = 96). Students completed standardized measures to assess test anxiety and state mindfulness pre- post-colouring
intervention, immediately prior to completing a test, in addition to a measure of dispositional mindfulness. Results showed a significant decrease in
test anxiety and a significant increase in state mindfulness following both activities; however, a gender by group by time interaction was found such
that females reported a greater decrease in test anxiety in the free condition compared to males. Furthermore, the baseline measures (pre-
intervention state mindfulness and test anxiety) were found to fully mediate relations between dispositional mindfulness and the outcome measures
(post-intervention state mindfulness and test anxiety). Implications for educators and future research and practice regarding the use of mindfulness
activities in the classroom are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
School Psychology International, 39(3) : 251-272
- Year: 2018
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Psychological Interventions
(any), Mindfulness based
therapy, Creative expression: music, dance, drama, art
Edwards, M.K., Rosenbaum, S., Loprinzi, P.D.
Introduction: Single bouts of aerobic exercise and meditation have been shown to improve anxiety states. Yet to be evaluated in
the literature, we sought to examine the effects of a single, short bout of aerobic exercise or meditation, as well as exercise and meditation
combined on state anxiety among young adults. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: University. Subjects: Participants (N = 110, mean age =
21.4 years) were randomly assigned to walk, meditate, walk then meditate, meditate then walk, or to sit (inactive control). Measures: All walking and
meditation bouts were 10 minutes in duration. Participants' state anxiety was monitored before and after the intervention using the State Trait
Anxiety Inventory questionnaire. Results: Significant group x time interaction effects were observed (P = .01). Post hoc paired t tests revealed that
state anxiety significantly decreased from baseline to postintervention in the meditation (P = .002), meditation then walk (P = .002), and walk then
meditation (P = .03) groups but not the walk (P = .75) or control (P = .45) groups. Conclusion: Meditation (vs a brisk walk) may be a preferred
method of attenuating anxiety symptomology. Individuals desiring the health benefits associated with aerobic exercise may achieve additional
anxiolytic benefits if they employ a brief meditation session before or after exercising. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights
reserved)
American Journal of Health Promotion, 32(4) : 949-
958
- Year: 2018
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Meditation, Physical activity, exercise
Noh, D.
The effects of a resilience enhancement programme on resilience,
depression, anxiety, and problem drinking among female runaway youths living in shelters were evaluated. Participants were 32 youths (16 experimental
and 16 control participants), assessed at pre-test, post-test, and one-month follow-up. The programme incorporated five protective factors associated
with resilience: self-esteem, self-regulation, relational skills, problem-solving skills, and goal-setting skills. There were significant group-by-
time interaction effects for resilience, anxiety, and problem drinking at one-month follow-up. The preliminary results suggest that providing female
runaway youths with this programme focusing on protective factors may enhance resilience and mitigate anxiety, and problem drinking.
Issues in Mental Health
Nursing, 39(9) : 764-772
- Year: 2018
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders, Alcohol
Use
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions
Harrer, M., Adam, S. H., Fleischmann, R. J., Baumeister, H., Auerbach, R., Bruffaerts, R., Cuijpers,
P., Kessler, R. C., Berking, M., Lehr, D., Ebert, D. D.
BACKGROUND: Mental health problems are highly prevalent among college students. Most students
with poor mental health, however, do not receive professional help. Internet-based self-help formats may increase the utilization of treatment.
OBJECTIVE(S): The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the efficacy of an internet-based, app-supported stress management
intervention for college students. METHOD(S): College students (n=150) with elevated levels of stress (Perceived Stress Scale 4-item version, PSS-4
>=8) were randomly assigned to either an internet- and mobile-based stress intervention group with feedback on demand or a waitlist control group.
Self-report data were assessed at baseline, posttreatment (7 weeks), and 3-month follow-up. The primary outcome was perceived stress posttreatment
(PSS-4). Secondary outcomes included mental health outcomes, modifiable risk and protective factors, and college-related outcomes. Subgroup analyses
were conducted in students with clinically relevant symptoms of depression (Center for Epidemiological Studies' Depression Scale >17). RESULT(S): A
total of 106 participants (76.8%) indicated that they were first-time help-seekers, and 77.3% (intervention group: 58/75; waitlist control group:
58/75) showed clinically relevant depressive symptoms at baseline. Findings indicated significant effects of the intervention compared with the
waitlist control group for stress (d=0.69; 95% CI 0.36-1.02), anxiety (d=0.76; 95% CI 0.43-1.09), depression (d=0.63; 95% CI 0.30-0.96), college-
related productivity (d=0.33; 95% CI 0.01-0.65), academic work impairment (d=0.34; 95% CI 0.01-0.66), and other outcomes after 7 weeks
(posttreatment). Response rates for stress symptoms were significantly higher for the intervention group (69%, 52/75) compared with the waitlist
control group (35%, 26/75, P<.001; number needed to treat=2.89, 95% CI 2.01-5.08) at posttest (7 weeks). Effects were sustained at 3-month follow-up,
and similar findings emerged in students with symptoms of depression. CONCLUSION(S): Internet- and mobile-based interventions could be an effective
and cost-effective approach to reduce consequences of college-related stress and might potentially attract students with clinically relevant
depression who would not otherwise seek help. TRIAL REGISTRATION: German Clinical Trial Register DRKS00010212;
http://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do? navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00010212 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6w55Ewhjd).
Copyright ©Mathias Harrer, Sophia Helen Adam, Rebecca Jessica Fleischmann, Harald Baumeister, Randy Auerbach, Ronny Bruffaerts, Pim Cuijpers, Ronald
C Kessler, Matthias Berking, Dirk Lehr, David Daniel Ebert. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (http://www.jmir.org),
23.04.2018.
Journal of Medical Internet
Research, 20(4) : e136
- Year: 2018
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Problem solving therapy (PST), Other Psychological Interventions, Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)
Urao, Y., Yoshida, M., Koshiba, T., Sato, Y., Ishikawa,
S. I., Shimizu, E.
Background: The efficacy
of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for anxiety related problems in children is empirically supported. In addition, universal anxiety prevention
programmes based on CBT have been demonstrated in recent years. The purpose of this study was to verify the effectiveness of a CBT based original
programme 'Journey of the Brave,' aiming to prevent anxiety disorders and anxiety-related problems for Japanese children aged 10-12 years old.
Methods: Intervention groups from two classes of 5th grade elementary students (n = 41) received ten 45-min programme sessions. The control group was
drawn from one class of 5th grade children (n = 31) from a nearby school. All participants completed the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale (SCAS) at
pre, post, and 3 months follow-up. Mixed-effects model for repeated measures analysis was conducted. Results: The mean anxiety score on the SCAS for
the intervention group was significantly reduced at both post intervention and 3 months follow-up compared with the control group. The group
differences on the SCAS from baseline to post-test were - 5.321 (95% CI - 10.12 to - 0.523, p = 0.030), and at the 3-month follow-up were - 7.104
(95% CI - 11.90 to - 2.306, p = 0.004). Conclusions: The effectiveness of the anxiety prevention programme 'Journey of the Brave' was verified
though this study using a quasi-experimental design on a small sample. Trial registration: UMIN000009021 Copyright © 2018 The Author(s).
Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental
Health, 12(33) :
- Year: 2018
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions
Ko, C. M., Grace, F., Chavez, G. N., Grimley, S. J., Dalrymple, E. R., Olson, L. E.
OBJECTIVE: Mindfulness-based interventions have been shown to have psychological benefits in college students. We
explored the effects of an academic Seminar on Compassion on student psychological health. PARTICIPANTS: Forty-one participants (14 male, 27 female,
mean age 19.8 +/- 1.4 years) were assessed pre- and post- spring semesters 2013 and 2014. METHOD(S): Students were randomized to the Seminar on
Compassion or a wait-list control group. Participants completed self-report measures on anxiety, depression, perceived stress, self-compassion,
compassion and mindfulness. Salivary alpha-amylase was also assessed. RESULT(S): At baseline, self-compassion and mindfulness were negatively
correlated with depression, anxiety, and perceived stress. There were significant changes between the intervention and control group from Time 1 to
Time 2 in mindfulness, self-compassion, compassion, and salivary alpha-amylase; however, there were no significant changes in depression, anxiety,
and perceived stress. CONCLUSION(S): The course was effective in increasing mindfulness, self-compassion and compassion, and decreasing a salivary
marker of stress.
Journal of American College Health, 66(7) : 537-
545
- Year: 2018
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Mindfulness based
therapy