Disorders - Anxiety Disorders
Johnstone, J., Nigg, J., Ribbers, A., Atchley, R., Gustafsson, H., Tipsord, J., Oken, B.
Purpose: Given the high degree of stress experienced by many high school students, this study sought to examine whether mindfulness was
an acceptable classroom-based stress reduction intervention and whether it offered improvement in mood, anxiety and stress, as measured by self-
reports and physiological measures. Result(s): Full data were available from 9 classes (n=202 students). Post-intervention satisfaction for
mindfulness withstood baseline expectancy effects (P<.001), while wellness satisfaction was positively correlated with preintervention expectations,
r=.33, n=39, P=.03. Post-intervention anxiety scores were significantly lower in students receiving mindfulness compared to usual health class
(b=-.07, SE=.03, P=.009); no significant differences were found in other primary outcomes. Fifty-two percent of students (n=35) used the mindfulness
app once to practice outside of class; of those 10% used it 10 or more times. Conclusion(s): Wellness satisfaction was influenced by preintervention
expectations. Offering mindfulness during the high school day was acceptable to students, but less than 10% met the expectation to use the
mindfulness app to practice regularly outside of the classroom. Although anxiety improved, 8 weeks of classroom-based mindfulness, without outside
practice, did not appear to be a sufficient ''dose'' to detect significant improvements in mood and stress in self-reports and physiological
measures of labinduced stress. These findings address some of the questions about the delivery of mindfulness in a classroom-based situation and
suggest lifestyle elements that contribute to an active control for future comparative mindfulness research.
Global Advances in Health and
Medicine, 7 : 253
- Year: 2018
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Mindfulness based
therapy, Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)
Saleh, D., Camart, N., Sbeira, F., Romo, L.
In
our research, we examined the efficacy of an Internet-based stress management program. Our interest in evaluating this type of intervention is based
on the increasing accessibility of the Internet today, the growth of Internet-based interventions for various psychopathological problems, and the
observation that despite the prevalence of stress among university students, only a fraction of students ever seek professional help. Methodology:
\"I'm managing my stress\" (\"Je gere mon stresse\"), an Internet-based self-help program composed of four sessions, was examined in this study. The
aforementioned program is based on cognitive-behavioral therapy and was inspired by the \"Funambule\" program in Quebec. Four questionnaires
(Perceived Stress Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Scale of Satisfaction in Studies, and General Health Questionnaire) uploaded online were
answered thrice: during \"preintervention\", \"postintervention\", and \"follow-up\" stages, the latter of which occurred three months after the
intervention. The sample comprised 128 university students, with the majority being women (81.25%). The subjects were divided randomly into two
groups (an experimental group and a control group that did not follow the program). Result(s): The self-esteem scores of the control group were
significantly higher than those of the experimental group at the preintervention stage, but this difference disappeared at the postintervention and
follow-up stages. There were also significantly lower scores on the General Health Questionnaire subfactors of somatic symptoms and anxiety/insomnia
in the experimental group than in the control group during the postintervention stage, though no differences were observed before the intervention.
These differences no longer remained after three months. ANOVA revealed significant effects of the intervention over time in the experimental group.
Effects were observed at both the postintervention and follow-up stages for self-esteem, perceived stress, satisfaction in studies, and in the
somatic symptoms, anxiety and insomnia and severe depression aspects of the General Health Questionnaire (Cohen's d = 0.38 to 4.58). In contrast, no
effects were observed in the control group. Conclusion(s): This type of Internet-based program has the ability to reach a large number of students
due to its rather short format and accessibility. It has already shown improvements in terms of the levels of perceived stress, psychological
distress and satisfaction with studies. The option of online interventions could appeal specifically to students who do not seek professional help.
However, even though these results are promising at the postintervention stage, they are limited, as indicated by the lack of significant differences
between the two groups after the initial three months of follow-up. We still, specifically, need to improve this intervention program and, generally,
need more research to address the methodological problems raised by this type of intervention. Copyright © 2018 Saleh et al. This is an open access
article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in
any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
PLoS ONE, 13 (9) (no
pagination)(e0200997) :
- Year: 2018
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT), Self-help, Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)
Rosenstock, A., Connolly, M., Weller, R., Hong, M.
Y.
Introduction:
Brazil nuts are the highest known food source of selenium. Selenium has exhibited a multitude of health benefits including increased antioxidant
capacity, improvement of lipid profiles, insulin and glucose responses, and potential elevation of mood. The purpose of the present study was to
determine the effects of Brazil nut consumption on postprandial satiety, glucose, insulin, antioxidant activity and anxiety in healthy subjects.
Hypothesis: The hypothesis was that consumption of Brazil nuts would increase satiety and antioxidant capacity, improve blood glucose and insulin
levels and decrease anxiety compared to an isocaloric (131 kcal) selenium-free carbohydrate snack. Method(s): In a crossover design with two trials,
22 healthy adults (age 25 +/- 1.1y, BMI 22.3 +/-0.7 kg/m2) consumed pretzels (36g) and isocaloric, sodium-matched Brazil nuts (20g),
separated by a 48-hour washout period. A visual analogue scale measured satiety at baseline, 20 and 40 minutes after snack consumption, while the
modified anxiety scale measured anxiety at baseline and 40 minutes. Blood glucose, insulin and antioxidant levels were measured at baseline and 40
minutes post consumption. Result(s): Both the Brazil nuts and pretzels increased satiety with greater satiety in Brazil nuts compared to pretzels
(P<0.05), and decreased anxiety (P=0.020) from baseline to 40 min post consumption with no significant differences between the two trials. Pretzel
consumption caused a significant increase in blood glucose and insulin (P<0.001) at 40 min post consumption compared to baseline, while Brazil nut
consumption did not significantly increase blood glucose or insulin levels. No significant differences were found between the trials on antioxidant
capacity. Conclusion(s): Brazil nut consumption improved postprandial satiety and stabilized glucose and insulin responses which may be beneficial in
maintenance and/or prevention of diabetes and reduction in incidence of overweight and obesity. Further studies on long term effects of Brazil nut
consumption on reducing overall food intake and preventing cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and weight gain are warranted.
Circulation. Conference, 138(Supplement 1) :
- Year: 2018
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Other complementary & alternative
interventions
Heiervang, E. R., Villabo, M. A., Wergeland, G. J.
Purpose of review To present an updated review of recent studies into the effect of
cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents, ways to increase access to therapy, and predictors and moderators
of therapy effect. Recent findings The evidence base of CBT for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents continues to grow, demonstrating short
and long-term efficacy and effectiveness. However, compared with active control conditions its effect appear to be modest; and a substantial
percentage of youth do not show stable longterm remission. Standard CBT is often costly, with high noncompletion rates. New strategies to increase
access to effective therapy for the large number of youth with anxiety disorders is therefore of priority. Additionally, there is a need for
developing new ways to treat nonresponders, and to identify predictors and moderators of the effects of CBT. Summary Although there is evidence for
the efficacy and effectiveness of CBT for youth with anxiety disorders, there is doubt regarding its superiority over active control comparisons.
Long-term outcome is uncertain, as a substantial percentage of youth remains impaired at follow-up. It is essential to develop more cost-efficient
strategies to reach youth with anxiety disorders with effective treatments, and to identify early indicators for youth needing additional therapy.
Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Current Opinion in
Psychiatry, 31(6) : 484-489
- Year: 2018
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any)
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT)
Tokolahi, E., Vandal, A. C., Kersten, P., Pearson, J., Hocking, C.
Background: The impact of
occupational therapy on mental health outcomes for children is largely unexplored. The aim of this study was to investigate an evidence-based
occupational therapy intervention designed to increase participation in daily occupations to prevent symptoms of mental illness for children and run
in schools. Method(s): The study used a pragmatic, cluster-randomised controlled trial design with two arms. Fourteen clusters (schools), equating to
151 child participants, were stratified by school decile-rank category and block randomised. Blinding of participants post-randomisation was not
feasible; however, outcomes assessors were blinded. Outcomes were measured at baseline, after the parallel and crossover phases, and at follow-up;
and were anxiety symptoms (primary), depression symptoms, self-esteem, participation and wellbeing. Intention-to-treat analysis was applied and mixed
linear modelling was used to account for clusters and repeated measures, and to adjust for covariates identified. Result(s): This trial found
significant positive effects of the intervention on child-rated satisfaction with their occupational performance and teacher-rated child anxiety. No
evidence was found to support the effect of the intervention on anxiety and depression symptoms, self-esteem and wellbeing. Conclusion(s): This was
the first known cluster-randomised controlled trial to investigate an occupational therapy intervention promoting emotional wellbeing in a non-
clinical sample of children. No compelling evidence was found to support the use of the intervention in schools in its current format, however,
results were promising that the focus on occupations influenced participation. Recommendations are made to redesign the intervention as an embedded
intervention in the classroom, cotaught by teachers and including parental involvement. Copyright © 2018 Association for Child and Adolescent Mental
Health
Child and Adolescent
Mental Health, 23(4) : 313-327
- Year: 2018
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT), Other Psychological Interventions, Other service delivery and improvement
interventions
Villabo, M.A., Narayanan, M., Compton, S.N., Kendall, P.C., Neumer, S.P.
Objective: To compare the effectiveness of individual cognitive-behavioral therapy (ICBT) and group CBT (GCBT)
for referred children with anxiety disorders within community mental health clinics. Method: Children (N = 165; ages 7-13 years) referred to 5
clinics in Norway because of primary separation anxiety disorder (SAD), social anxiety disorder (SOC), or generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) based on
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text rev.) criteria participated in a randomized clinical trial. Participants were
randomized to ICBT, GCBT, or wait list (WL). WL participants were randomized to 1 of the 2 active treatment conditions following the wait period.
Primary outcome was loss of principal anxiety disorder over 12 weeks and 2-year follow-up. Results: Both ICBT and GCBT were superior to WL on all
outcomes. In the intent-to-treat analysis, 52% in ICBT, 65% in GCBT, and 14% in WL were treatment responders. Planned pairwise comparisons found no
significant differences between ICBT and GCBT. GCBT was superior to ICBT for children diagnosed with SOC. Improvement continued during 2-year
follow-up with no significant between-groups differences. Conclusions: Among anxiety disordered children, both individual and group CBT can be
effectively delivered in community clinics. Response rates were similar to those reported in efficacy trials. Although GCBT was more effective than
ICBT for children with SOC following treatment, both treatments were comparable at 2-year follow-up. Dropout rates were lower in GCBT than in ICBT,
suggesting that GCBT may be better tolerated. Response rates continued to improve over the follow-up period, with low rates of relapse. (PsycINFO
Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved) Impact Statement What is the public health significance of this article?-Findings indicate that
both individual and group cognitive-behavioral therapy can be effectively delivered by community mental health practitioners with only a minimal
amount of formal training. Outcomes were similar to those reported in more controlled settings. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights
reserved)
Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 86(9) : 751-
764
- Year: 2018
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Social phobia (social anxiety disorder)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT), Other service delivery and improvement
interventions
Bentley, K. H., Boettcher, H., Bullis, J. R., Carl, J. R., Conklin, L. R., Sauer-Zavala, S., Pierre-Louis, C., Farchione,
T. J., Barlow, D.
H.
Cognitive-behavioral prevention programs have demonstrated efficacy in reducing subclinical symptoms of anxiety and depression, and there
is some evidence to suggest that they can lower the risk of future disorder onset. However, existing interventions tend to be relatively lengthy and
target specific disorders or problem areas, both of which limit their potential for widespread dissemination. To address these limitations, we aimed
to develop a single-session, transdiagnostic preventive intervention based on the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional
Disorders for young adults at risk for developing anxiety and/or depressive disorders within a college setting. Results from this proof-of-concept
study indicated that the intervention was viewed as highly satisfactory and acceptable. The intervention also was successful at delivering adaptive
emotion management skills in its 2-hr workshop format. Future studies evaluating the efficacy of this novel transdiagnostic, emotion-focused
prevention program are warranted.
Behavior Modification, 42(5) : 781-805
- Year: 2018
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions
Amirzadegan, M., Ghahari, S., Asgharnejad
Farid, A. A.
Aims and context.- Child sexual
abuse is one of the most common psycho-social health problem which bring so many negative consequences for the child. The current study is aimed on
comparison the efficiency of play and narrative therapy on decreasing depression, anxiety and aggression of sexually abused children. Methodology.-
The current study is an experimental research along pre-test, post-test and a control group. The statistical group was included all the children
between 7 to 12 years old who visited Rooyesh Nahal Tehran Institute in 2017. Among this group, 45 victim children (sexually abused) were selected by
means of available sampling method and divided into the two experimental groups: 1- play therapy 2-narrative therapy, and one control group randomly
(Each group was included 15 people). Experimental groups was intervened by play and narrative therapy separately during 10 sessions, and control
group was put on the waiting list. Both groups filled these questionnaires at the baseline and after treatment: Children and Adolescent Depression
Scale (C.A.D.S), Multidimensional anxiety scale for children (M.A.S.C). The data analyzed through the descriptive and deductive statistical analysis
(covariance analysis. ANCOVA). Findings.- The results of multivariable covariance analysis were referred to a significant differences between two
experimental groups with the control group. The Comparison of experimental groups pointed that the narrative therapy in compare with play therapy had
more efficiency on decreasing the level of anxiety and aggression among sexually abused children (P < 0.05) while the play therapy was more effective
than narrative therapy in reducing depression of sexually abused children (P < 0.05). Conclusion.- Narrative therapy has more efficiency than the
play therapy on decreasing level of anxiety and aggression of sexually abused children, and play therapy is more effective than narrative therapy on
reducing depression of sexually abused children.
European Psychiatry, 48 (Supplement
1) : S143
- Year: 2018
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions, Narrative exposure therapy (NET)
Edwards, M.K., Rosenbaum, S., Loprinzi, P.D.
Introduction: Single bouts of aerobic exercise and meditation have been shown to improve anxiety states. Yet to be evaluated in
the literature, we sought to examine the effects of a single, short bout of aerobic exercise or meditation, as well as exercise and meditation
combined on state anxiety among young adults. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: University. Subjects: Participants (N = 110, mean age =
21.4 years) were randomly assigned to walk, meditate, walk then meditate, meditate then walk, or to sit (inactive control). Measures: All walking and
meditation bouts were 10 minutes in duration. Participants' state anxiety was monitored before and after the intervention using the State Trait
Anxiety Inventory questionnaire. Results: Significant group x time interaction effects were observed (P = .01). Post hoc paired t tests revealed that
state anxiety significantly decreased from baseline to postintervention in the meditation (P = .002), meditation then walk (P = .002), and walk then
meditation (P = .03) groups but not the walk (P = .75) or control (P = .45) groups. Conclusion: Meditation (vs a brisk walk) may be a preferred
method of attenuating anxiety symptomology. Individuals desiring the health benefits associated with aerobic exercise may achieve additional
anxiolytic benefits if they employ a brief meditation session before or after exercising. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights
reserved)
American Journal of Health Promotion, 32(4) : 949-
958
- Year: 2018
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Meditation, Physical activity, exercise
Noh, D.
The effects of a resilience enhancement programme on resilience,
depression, anxiety, and problem drinking among female runaway youths living in shelters were evaluated. Participants were 32 youths (16 experimental
and 16 control participants), assessed at pre-test, post-test, and one-month follow-up. The programme incorporated five protective factors associated
with resilience: self-esteem, self-regulation, relational skills, problem-solving skills, and goal-setting skills. There were significant group-by-
time interaction effects for resilience, anxiety, and problem drinking at one-month follow-up. The preliminary results suggest that providing female
runaway youths with this programme focusing on protective factors may enhance resilience and mitigate anxiety, and problem drinking.
Issues in Mental Health
Nursing, 39(9) : 764-772
- Year: 2018
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders, Alcohol
Use
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions
Harrer, M., Adam, S. H., Fleischmann, R. J., Baumeister, H., Auerbach, R., Bruffaerts, R., Cuijpers, P., Kessler, R.
C., Berking, M., Lehr, D., Ebert, D. D.
BACKGROUND: Mental health problems are highly prevalent among college students. Most students
with poor mental health, however, do not receive professional help. Internet-based self-help formats may increase the utilization of treatment.
OBJECTIVE(S): The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the efficacy of an internet-based, app-supported stress management
intervention for college students. METHOD(S): College students (n=150) with elevated levels of stress (Perceived Stress Scale 4-item version, PSS-4
>=8) were randomly assigned to either an internet- and mobile-based stress intervention group with feedback on demand or a waitlist control group.
Self-report data were assessed at baseline, posttreatment (7 weeks), and 3-month follow-up. The primary outcome was perceived stress posttreatment
(PSS-4). Secondary outcomes included mental health outcomes, modifiable risk and protective factors, and college-related outcomes. Subgroup analyses
were conducted in students with clinically relevant symptoms of depression (Center for Epidemiological Studies' Depression Scale >17). RESULT(S): A
total of 106 participants (76.8%) indicated that they were first-time help-seekers, and 77.3% (intervention group: 58/75; waitlist control group:
58/75) showed clinically relevant depressive symptoms at baseline. Findings indicated significant effects of the intervention compared with the
waitlist control group for stress (d=0.69; 95% CI 0.36-1.02), anxiety (d=0.76; 95% CI 0.43-1.09), depression (d=0.63; 95% CI 0.30-0.96), college-
related productivity (d=0.33; 95% CI 0.01-0.65), academic work impairment (d=0.34; 95% CI 0.01-0.66), and other outcomes after 7 weeks
(posttreatment). Response rates for stress symptoms were significantly higher for the intervention group (69%, 52/75) compared with the waitlist
control group (35%, 26/75, P<.001; number needed to treat=2.89, 95% CI 2.01-5.08) at posttest (7 weeks). Effects were sustained at 3-month follow-up,
and similar findings emerged in students with symptoms of depression. CONCLUSION(S): Internet- and mobile-based interventions could be an effective
and cost-effective approach to reduce consequences of college-related stress and might potentially attract students with clinically relevant
depression who would not otherwise seek help. TRIAL REGISTRATION: German Clinical Trial Register DRKS00010212;
http://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do? navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00010212 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6w55Ewhjd).
Copyright ©Mathias Harrer, Sophia Helen Adam, Rebecca Jessica Fleischmann, Harald Baumeister, Randy Auerbach, Ronny Bruffaerts, Pim Cuijpers, Ronald
C Kessler, Matthias Berking, Dirk Lehr, David Daniel Ebert. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (http://www.jmir.org),
23.04.2018.
Journal of Medical Internet
Research, 20(4) : e136
- Year: 2018
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Problem solving therapy (PST), Other Psychological Interventions, Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)
Urao, Y., Yoshida, M., Koshiba, T., Sato, Y., Ishikawa, S. I., Shimizu, E.
Background: The efficacy
of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for anxiety related problems in children is empirically supported. In addition, universal anxiety prevention
programmes based on CBT have been demonstrated in recent years. The purpose of this study was to verify the effectiveness of a CBT based original
programme 'Journey of the Brave,' aiming to prevent anxiety disorders and anxiety-related problems for Japanese children aged 10-12 years old.
Methods: Intervention groups from two classes of 5th grade elementary students (n = 41) received ten 45-min programme sessions. The control group was
drawn from one class of 5th grade children (n = 31) from a nearby school. All participants completed the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale (SCAS) at
pre, post, and 3 months follow-up. Mixed-effects model for repeated measures analysis was conducted. Results: The mean anxiety score on the SCAS for
the intervention group was significantly reduced at both post intervention and 3 months follow-up compared with the control group. The group
differences on the SCAS from baseline to post-test were - 5.321 (95% CI - 10.12 to - 0.523, p = 0.030), and at the 3-month follow-up were - 7.104
(95% CI - 11.90 to - 2.306, p = 0.004). Conclusions: The effectiveness of the anxiety prevention programme 'Journey of the Brave' was verified
though this study using a quasi-experimental design on a small sample. Trial registration: UMIN000009021 Copyright © 2018 The Author(s).
Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental
Health, 12(33) :
- Year: 2018
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions