Disorders - Anxiety Disorders
Guo, T., Su, J., Hu, J., Aalberg, M., Zhu, Y., Teng, T., Zhou, X.
Background: Anxiety disorder is
the most prevalent mental disorder in children and adolescents. However, evidence for efficacy and acceptability between individual cognitive
behavior therapy (I-CBT) and group cognitive behavior therapy (G-CBT) in anxiety disorders in children and adolescents remains unclear. Method(s):
Eight electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ProQuest, and LILACS) were searched from inception to October
2019. Randomized controlled trials comparing I-CBT with G-CBT for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents were included. The primary outcomes
were efficacy (mean change in anxiety symptom scores) at post-treatment and acceptability (all-cause discontinuation). The secondary outcome was
remission at post-treatment. Subgroup analyses were also conducted to examine whether the result would be influenced by age, number of treatment
sessions, parental involvement, male/female sex, and number of participants. Result(s): Nine studies were selected in this meta-analysis. The pooled
analyses indicated no significant difference between I-CBT and G-CBT for efficacy at post-treatment [standardized mean difference (SMD), -0.14; 95%
confidence interval (CI), -0.37 to 0.09], acceptability [odds ratio (OR), 1.30; 95% CI, 0.61-2.77], and remission at post-treatment (OR, 1.15; 95%
CI, 0.79-1.66). In the subgroup analysis of age, I-CBT was significantly more effective than G-CBT in adolescents at post-treatment (SMD, -0.77; 95%
CI, -1.51 to -0.02), but not in children (SMD, 0.00; 95% CI, -0.02 to 0.20). However, the findings were not materially different from those of the
efficacy subgroup analysis of number of treatment sessions, parental involvement, male/female sex, and number of participants. Conclusion(s): Based
on those current evidence, I-CBT was shown to be more beneficial than G-CBT for anxiety disorders in adolescents, but not in children. However,
further well-designed clinical studies should be performed to confirm these findings. Systematic Review Registration:http://osf.io/xrjkp, identifier:
10.17605/OSF.IO/XRJKP. © Copyright © 2021 Guo, Su, Hu, Aalberg, Zhu, Teng and Zhou.
Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12 (no pagination) :
- Year: 2021
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any)
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT), Other service delivery and improvement
interventions
Gulmez, H., Eroy,
O.
Introduction: Music is widely used to reduce anxiety, and the beneficial effects of music on anxiety are well established. Maqams
represent a system of melodic modes used in traditional Turkish music. Different maqams may have different effects on anxiety. Objective(s): The
current study intended to investigate the effects of Hicaz and Huseyni maqams on anxiety and to evaluate whether a difference in effects exists.
Design(s): The research team performed a preliminary, randomized controlled trial. Setting(s): The study took place in the Department of Family
Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and the Department of Music, Faculty of Fine Arts, at Izmir Democracy University in Izmir, Turkey. Participant(s): The
participants were 87 volunteers between the ages of 18 and 27, who were students studying at the university. Intervention(s): The participants were
randomly divided into three groups, with 29 participants in each group. One intervention group listened to the music in the Hicaz maqam-the Hicaz
group-and the second listed to the music in the Huseyni maqam-the Huseyni group-for 30 minutes a day for a week. The control group received no
intervention. Outcome Measures: The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) was used to measure participants' level of anxiety. Result(s): No significant
differences existed between the three groups in the BAI scores at baseline (P = .97). For the Hicaz and Huseyni groups, a significant decrease was
found in the mean BAI scores between baseline and postintervention (P < .001), but no statistically significant difference was found for the control
group (P = .29). No statistically significant difference in the BAI scores existed postintervention between the Hicaz and the Huseyni groups (P =
.66) or between the Hicaz group and the control group (P = .06), but a statistically significant difference did exist between the Huseyni and the
control groups (P = .01). Conclusion(s): Listening to music is an effective auxiliary method for reducing anxiety. The type of music to which an
individual listens can affect this benefit, with some types having a greater positive effect than others.
Alternative therapies in health and
medicine., 16 :
- Year: 2021
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Creative expression: music, dance, drama, art
Guan, T., Chapman, M. V., Qanir, Y., Song, L.
Objective: This review systematically
(1) describes the characteristics of psychosocial interventions for siblings of children with cancer (SCC); (2) assesses the effect of the
psychosocial interventions on SCCs' outcomes, and (3) describes SCCs' experiences and perceptions of these interventions. Method(s): Seven
databases were systematically searched for relevant literature. We included both quantitative and qualitative studies of psychological interventions
designed to improve the adjustment of SCCs. Result(s): Our database searches yielded 19 publications. We found a range of psychosocial interventions
being used among SCCs, with group interventions being the most common. The primary outcomes focused on the SCCs' depression, anxiety, and quality of
life. Quantitative studies provided insufficient evidence to draw definitive conclusions about the interventions' effects, whereas the qualitative
studies indicated that SCCs can derive benefits from these interventions, including an enhanced sense of belonging and bonding, improved family
relationships, increased self-awareness and confidence, increased cancer knowledge, and decreased somatic symptoms. Conclusion(s): Although a growing
number of psychosocial interventions have been developed to improve the adjustment of SCCs, research evidence of the effects of these interventions
on SCCs' adjustment remains limited. Future research needs to rigorously evaluate the effects of these interventions. Copyright © 2021 John Wiley &
Sons Ltd.
Psycho-Oncology, 30(6) : 818-
831
- Year: 2021
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any)
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any)
Gosmann, N. P., De-Abreu-Costa, M., De-Barros-Jaeger, M., Motta, L. S., Frozi, J., Spanemberg, L., Manfro, G. G., Cuijpers, P., Pine, D. S., Salum, G. A.
Background Anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, and stress-related disorders frequently co-occur, and patients often
present symptoms of several domains. Treatment involves the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin and norepinephrine
reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), but data on comparative efficacy and acceptability are lacking. We aimed to compare the efficacy of SSRIs, SNRIs, and
placebo in multiple symptom domains:in patients with these diagnoses over the lifespan through a 3-level network meta-analysis. Methods and findings
We searched for published and unpublished randomized controlled trials that aimed to assess the efficacy of SSRIs or SNRIs in participants (adults
and children) with diagnosis of any anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, or stress-related disorder in MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, and Cochrane Library from
inception to 23 April 2015, with an update on 11 November 2020. We supplemented electronic database searches with manual searches for published and
unpublished randomized controlled trials registered in publicly accessible clinical trial registries and pharmaceutical companies' databases. No
restriction was made regarding comorbidities with any other mental disorder, participants' age and sex, blinding of participants and researchers,
date of publication, or study language. The primary outcome was the aggregate measure of internalizing symptoms of these disorders. Secondary
outcomes included specific symptom domains and treatment discontinuation rate. We estimated standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 3-level network
meta-analysis with random slopes by study for medication and assessment instrument. Risk of bias appraisal was performed using the Cochrane
Collaboration's risk of bias tool. This study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42017069090). We analyzed 469 outcome measures from 135 studies (n =
30,245). Medication (SSRI or SNRI) was: More effective than placebo for the aggregate measure of internalizing symptoms (SMD -0.56, 95% CI -0.62 to
-0.51, p < 0.001), for all symptom domains, and in patients from all diagnostic categories. We also found significant results when restricting to the
most used assessment instrument for each diagnosis; nevertheless, this restriction led to exclusion of 72.71% of outcome measures. Pairwise
comparisons revealed only small differences between medications in efficacy and acceptability. Limitations include the moderate heterogeneity found
in most outcomes and the moderate risk of bias identified in most of the trials. Conclusions In this study, we observed that SSRIs and SNRIs were
effective for multiple symptom domains, and in patients from all included diagnostic categories. We found minimal differences between medications
concerning efficacy and acceptability. This 3-level network meta-analysis contributes robust evidence to the ongoing discussion about the true
benefit of antidepressants, with a significantly larger quantity of data and higher statistical power than previous studies. The 3-level approach
allowed us to properly assess the efficacy of these medications on internalizing psychopathology, avoiding potential biases related to the exclusion
of information due to distinct assessment instruments, and to explore the multilevel structure of transdiagnostic efficacy. Copyright © 2021 Public
Library of Science. All rights reserved.
PLoS
Medicine, 18(6) :
- Year: 2021
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Biological Interventions
(any), Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
(SNRIs), Antidepressants
(any)
Goldbach, J. T., Rhoades, H., Mamey, M. R., Senese, J., Karys, P., Marsiglia, F. F.
BACKGROUND: Minority stress may lead to poorer mental health for sexual and gender minority adolescents, yet no
interventions have been tested through an RCT to address these concerns. METHOD(S): We report on an RCT of an intervention-Proud & Empowered-with
four high schools. Measures assess the intervention's impact on mental health symptoms. RESULT(S): Compared to the control, participants in the
treatment condition reported significant differences in minority stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. Moderation analyses showed that the
intervention significantly moderated the relationship between minority stress and PTSD (b = -1.28, p = .032), depression (b = -0.79, p = .023), and
suicidality (b = 0.14, p = .012) symptoms; those in the intervention condition had mitigated relationships between measures of stress and health
outcomes compared to those in the control condition. CONCLUSION(S): Results suggest that Proud & Empowered help reduce mental health symptoms and
exposure to minority stressors and build coping strategies. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The intervention was registered on clinicaltrials.gov on August 1,
2019 under Trial # NCT04041414 . Copyright © 2021. The Author(s).
BMC public health, 21
(1) : 2315
- Year: 2021
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders, Suicide or self-harm behaviours (excluding non-suicidal self-harm)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions
Ginsburg, G. S., Tein, J. Y., Riddle, M. A.
This study examined the effects of a family-based intervention Coping and Promoting Strength (CAPS) relative to a control condition,
information-monitoring (IM), to prevent the onset of anxiety disorders in offspring of anxious parents six years after their initial assessment. One
hundred thirty six families participated in the original randomized trial; 113 (83%) completed the one time follow-up assessment. Presence of anxiety
disorders and severity of symptoms in offspring were assessed by masked evaluators using the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule; parents and
offspring also completed questionnaires assessing offspring anxiety. Using the intention to treat sample from the original trial, Cox regression
models showed significant intervention main effects in the rate of onset of anxiety disorders from baseline to follow-up (anxiety disorder: hazard
ratio (HR)=2.55, 95% CI: 1.54, 4.21) but growth curves suggest effects occurred within the first year after program completion. No group differences
were found in the cumulative incidence of anxiety disorders at the six-year follow-up. Additional intervention appears needed to maintain the initial
positive effects long-term to reduce the risk for downstream disability.Clinical Trials Registration: NCT00847561.
Child
psychiatry and human development, 52(4) : 751-760
- Year: 2021
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions
Ghosh, A., Cherian, R. J., Wagle, S., Sharma, P., Kannan, K. R., Bajpai, A., Gupta, N.
Most individuals vulnerable to depression do not receive adequate or timely treatment globally. Unguided
computerized cognitive behavioral therapy (cCBT) has the potential to bridge this treatment gap. However, the real-world effectiveness of unguided
cCBT interventions, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), remains inconclusive. In this study, we report the design and
development of a new unguided cCBT intervention, TreadWill, and its pragmatic evaluation. TreadWill was designed to be fully automated, engaging,
easy to use, and accessible in LMICs. To evaluate its effectiveness and engagement level, we performed a double-blind, fully-remote, randomized
controlled trial with 598 participants in India. The use of TreadWill significantly reduced depression-related and anxiety-related symptoms. Compared
with a plain-text version with the same therapeutic content, the full-featured version of TreadWill showed significantly higher engagement. Overall,
our study provides a new resource and evidence for the use of unguided cCBT as a scalable intervention in LMICs. Copyright The copyright holder for
this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC
4.0 International license.
medRxiv., 24 :
- Year: 2021
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT), Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)
Frohlich, J. R., Rapinda, K. K., Schaub, M. P., Wenger, A., Baumgartner, C., Johnson, E. A., O'Connor, R. M., Vincent, N., Blankers, M., Ebert, D.
D., Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., Mackenzie, C. S., Wardell, J. D., Augsburger, M., Goldberg, J. O., Keough, M.
T.
Objective: Many young adults struggle with comorbid alcohol misuse and emotional problems (i.e., depression and anxiety). However,
there is currently a paucity of evidence-based, integrated, accessible treatment options for individuals with these comorbidities. The main goal of
this study was to examine efficacy of a novel online, minimally guided, integrated program for comorbid alcohol misuse and emotional problems in
young adults. Method(s): The study was an open-label two-arm RCT. Participants (N = 222, Mage = 24.6, 67.6% female) were randomized to one
of two conditions: the Take Care of Me program (an 8-week, online integrated treatment condition consisting of 12 modules), or an online
psychoeducational control condition. Intervention modules incorporated content based on principles of cognitive behavioral therapy and motivational
interviewing. Participants completed assessment data at baseline, at the end of treatment (i.e., 8 weeks), and at follow-up (i.e., 24 weeks). Data
were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models. Result(s): We observed that participants in the treatment condition showed larger reductions in
depression, hazardous drinking, as well as increases in psychological quality of life and confidence at the end of treatment. We did not find group
differences on total alcohol use at follow-up, but participants in the treatment group reduced their hazardous drinking and improved their quality of
life at 24-week follow-up. Conclusion(s): Our study provides promising initial evidence for the first iteration of the comorbid alcohol misuse and
emotional problems online program. Copyright © 2021
Addictive Behaviors
Reports, 14 (no pagination) :
- Year: 2021
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders, Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT), Motivational interviewing, includes Motivational Enhancing Therapy, Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)
Eyuboglu, G., Gocmen-Baykara, Z., Caliskan, N., Eyikara, E., Dogan, N., Aydogan, S., Ucaner-Cifdaloz, B., Ozyildiz, A., Gunduz, C. S., Cihan-Erdogan, B., Sucu-Cakmak, N.
C., Istek, N.
BACKGROUND: Music is a tool that can be used to reduce stress and
anxiety, maintain vital signs at normal levels, and increase exam success.\rOBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the effect of music therapy on
nursing students' first objective structured clinical exam success, anxiety levels, and vital signs, and to reveal their views about music therapy
in the context of an exam.\rDESIGN: Mixed-pattern single-blind randomized controlled qualitative study.\rSETTING: Department of Nursing, Faculty of
Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey.\rPARTICIPANTS: First-year students enrolled in the Fundamentals of Nursing II course were randomly assigned to an
experimental (n = 61) or control group (n = 64). Twenty-two (22) experimental group students provided the sample for the qualitative stage.\rMETHODS:
Data were collected between February and June 2018 using the Informative Features Form, State-trait Anxiety Inventory, Vital Signs Assessment Form,
Skill Checklists, and Focus-group Interview Form. All students completed the theoretical classes, laboratory classes, and small-group studies. The
experimental group participated in five music therapy sessions two weeks before the exam. All students' vital signs were measured before and after
the exam. Three focus group interviews were conducted with the 22 experimental group students in the week after the exam.\rRESULTS: The blood
pressure values of the experimental group before and after the exam were significantly lower than those of the control group (p < 0.05). No
significant difference was observed between exam success and anxiety levels between the two groups. In the focus group interviews, students said they
found music therapy suitable for reducing anxiety in their daily lives, but not before the exam.\rCONCLUSIONS: Music therapy had positive effects on
the students' blood pressure but had no effect on exam success or anxiety levels. This study suggests that more music therapy sessions be conducted
with different groups of students in greater numbers before different exams.
Nurse Education
Today, 97 : 104687
- Year: 2021
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Other complementary & alternative
interventions
Dumarkaite, A., Truskauskaite-
Kuneviciene, I., Andersson, G., Mingaudaite, J., Kazlauskas, E.
Objectives: A substantial proportion of trauma survivors with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD (CPTSD) continue
to experience symptoms even after trauma-focused therapies. Internet-based interventions could facilitate access to treatment for PTSD and CPTSD. The
current pilot study aimed to investigate the effects of mindfulness-based internet intervention on PTSD and CPTSD symptoms. Methods: A randomized
controlled trial (RCT) design with two measurement points (pre-test and post-test) was used to investigate the effects of a structured mindfulness-
based internet intervention on PTSD and CPTSD symptoms as well as anxiety, depression, and positive mental health. In total, 70 university students
with high levels of PTSD and CPTSD symptoms based on ICD-11 criteria participated in the study: 31 in the intervention group and 39 in the waiting
list control group. Results: We found that the mindfulness-based internet intervention reduced CPTSD disturbances in self-organization (DSO) symptoms
(ES = - 0.48 [- 0.96; 0.00]), particularly negative self-concept (ES = - 0.72 [- 1.21; - 0.24]) and disturbances in relationships (ES = - 0.55 [-
1.03; - 0.07]). Moreover, the intervention reduced the symptoms of PTSD sense of threat (ES = - 0.48 [- 0.96; - 0.01]) and promoted positive mental
health (ES = 0.51 [0.03; 0.99]). High user satisfaction and good usability of the intervention were reported. Conclusions: Promising treatment
effects were found, indicating that mindfulness-based internet intervention can reduce CPTSD symptoms and have a positive effect on mental health
among youth in general. The findings of the current study contribute to the further development of trauma care using internet-delivered
interventions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)
Mindfulness, 12(11) : 2754-
2766
- Year: 2021
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Mindfulness based
therapy
de-Oliveira, V., Viana, R., Morais, N., Costa, G., Andrade, M., Vancini, R., de-Lira, C.
This study compared the exergame beach volleyball's acute effects on state anxiety level in single vs. multiplayer mode in adult men.
Sixty adult men (age: 21.98 [4.58] years, body mass: 75.40 [15.70] kg, height: 1.77 [0.09] m, and body mass index: 24.19 [5.44] kg/m2;
data are expressed as median [interquartile range]) were assigned to play exergame of beach volleyball in single-or multiplayer mode for
approximately 30 min using the Xbox 360 Kinect . The state anxiety level was evaluated before and after the intervention. There was no significant
difference in the state anxiety levels after an exergame session between the single and multiplayer modes (p-value = 0.407, effect size
(rB ) = -0.12, defined as small). Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the state anxiety levels before and after an
exergame session in single-player mode (p-value = 0.516, effect size (d) = 0.14, defined as trivial) and multiplayer mode (p-value = 0.053,
rB = 0.43, defined as medium). In conclusion, state anxiety level after exergame beach volleyball did not differ between the single and
multiplayer modes in adult men. Copyright © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(20) (no
pagination) :
- Year: 2021
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Service Delivery & Improvement, Physical activity, exercise, Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS), Other service delivery and improvement
interventions
de-la-Barrera, U., Monaco, E., Postigo-Zegarra, S., Gil-Gomez, J. A., Montoya-Castilla, I.
Introduction Technologies
provide a brilliant opportunity to promote social-emotional competences, well-being and adjustment in adolescence. Game-based programmes and serious
games are digital tools that pursue an educational goal in an attractive environment for adolescents. The purpose of this study was therefore to
determine the effectiveness of emoTIC, a game-based social-emotional programme designed according to Mayer, Caruso, and Salovey's model of emotional
intelligence. Materials and methods The participants were 119 adolescents between 11 and 15 years, randomly assigned to the experimental group and
the control group. The adolescents completed questionnaires to assess their emotional intelligence, self-esteem, affect balance, difficulties,
prosocial behaviour, depression, anxiety and stress. Results The MANCOVA results showed that adolescents who completed the game-based programme had
improved self-esteem, affect balance, emotional symptoms, behavioural problems, and hyperactivity (Wilks' lambda = .77; F = 2.10; p = .035).
Hierarchical multiple regression indicated that adolescents in the experimental group had a greater change in self-esteem and affect balance
(positive beta), while their emotional problems and hyperactivity decreased (negative beta). Anxiety moderated the influence of the intervention on
self-esteem (b = .04; t = -2.55; p <= .05; LLCI = -0.43, ULCI = -0.05). Adolescents with low or medium anxiety improved their self-esteem with the
intervention, while those with high anxiety did not develop it. Conclusions The use of technology in social-emotional programmes could be the first
step in increasing adolescents' interest in emotions and emoTIC could be considered a useful programme which influences their personal, emotional
and social factors. Trial registration Clinical Trial identifier: NCT04414449. Copyright: © 2021 de la Barrera et al. This is an open access article
distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any
medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
PLoS ONE, 16(4 April) (no
pagination) :
- Year: 2021
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions, Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)