Disorders - Substance Use Disorders
Balaji, M., Andrews, T., Andrew, G., Patel, V.
Purpose To evaluate the
acceptability, feasibility, and effectiveness of a population-based intervention to promote health of youth (age: 1624 years) in Goa. Methods Two
pairs of urban and rural communities were selected; one of each was randomly assigned to receive a multi-component intervention and the other wait-
listed. The intervention comprised educational institution-based peer education and teacher training (in the urban community), community peer
education, and health information materials. Effectiveness was assessed through beforeafter population surveys at baseline and at 18 months. Outcomes
were measured using a structured interview schedule with all eligible youth. Logistic regression compared each pair, adjusted for baseline
differences, on prevalence of outcomes in the domains of reproductive and sexual health (RSH), violence, mental health, substance use, and help
seeking for health concerns. Results In both intervention communities, prevalence of violence perpetrated and probable depression was significantly
lower and knowledge and attitudes about RSH significantly higher (p < .05). The rural sample also reported fewer menstrual complaints and higher
levels of help-seeking for RSH complaints by women, and knowledge and attitudes about emotional health and substance use; and, the urban sample
reported significantly lower levels of substance use, suicidal behavior, sexual abuse, and RSH complaints. Although information materials were
acceptable and feasible in both communities, community peer education was feasible only in the rural community. The institution-based interventions
were generally acceptable and feasible. Conclusions Multicomponent interventions comprising information materials, educational-institution
interventions and, in rural contexts, community peer interventions are acceptable and feasible and likely to be effective for youth health promotion.
(copyright) 2011 Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine.
Journal of Adolescent
Health, 48(5) : 453-460
- Year: 2011
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders, Suicide or self-harm behaviours (excluding non-suicidal self-harm), Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Psychoeducation, Other Psychological Interventions
Caria, M. P., Faggiano, F., Bellocco, R., Galanti, M.
R.
Purpose: School-based substance abuse prevention programs are
widespread but are rarely evaluated in Europe. We aimed to evaluate the effect of a new school-based prevention program against substance use on the
frequency of alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problem behaviors among European students. Methods: During the school year 20042005, a total of
7,079 students aged 1214 years from 143 schools in seven European countries participated in this cluster randomized controlled trial. Schools were
randomly assigned to either control (65 schools, 3,532 students) or to a 12-session standardized program based on the comprehensive social influence
model (78 schools, 3,547 students). Alcohol use and frequency of alcohol-related problem behaviors were investigated through a self-completed
anonymous questionnaire at baseline and 18 months thereafter. The association between intervention and changes in alcohol-related outcomes was
expressed as odds ratio (OR), estimated by multilevel regression model. Results: The preventive program was associated with a decreased risk of
reporting alcohol-related problems (OR = .78, 95% confidence intervals [CI] = .63.98), although this reduction was not statistically significant in
the subgroup of 743 current drinkers at baseline. The risk for alcohol consumption was not modified by exposure to the program (OR = .93, 95% CI =
.791.09). In the intervention group, nondrinkers and occasional drinkers at baseline progressed toward frequent drinking less often than in the
control group. Conclusions: School curricula based on the comprehensive social-influence model can delay progression to frequent drinking and reduce
occurrence of alcohol-related behavioral problems in European students. These results, albeit moderate, have potentially useful implications at the
population level. (copyright) 2011 Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. All rights reserved.
Journal of Adolescent Health, 48(2) : 182-
188
- Year: 2011
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Psychoeducation, Skills training
Stein, L. A. R., Clair, M., Lebeau, R., Colby, S. M., Barnett, N. P., Golembeske, C., Monti, P. M.
Background: The impact of depressed mood on Motivational Interviewing (MI) to reduce risky behaviors and consequences in incarcerated
adolescents was examined in this brief report. Methods: Adolescents (N= 189) were randomly assigned to receive MI or Relaxation Training (RT).
Results: At 3-month follow-up assessment, MI significantly reduced risks associated with marijuana use, with a trend towards reducing risks
associated with alcohol use. There was also a trend for depressive symptoms to be associated with reduced risks after release. Interaction effects
were non-significant, indicating no moderating effects for depressed mood on treatment outcome. Conclusions: MI may be a useful treatment for
incarcerated adolescents in order to reduce risks and consequences associated with substance use after release. (copyright) 2011 Elsevier Ireland
Ltd.
Drug & Alcohol Dependence, 118(2-3) : 475-478
- Year: 2011
- Problem: Depressive Disorders, Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Psychological Interventions
(any), Motivational interviewing, includes Motivational Enhancing Therapy, Relaxation
Stein, L. A. R., Lebeau, R., Colby, S. M., Barnett, N.
P., Golembeske, C., Monti, P. M.
Objective:
Motivational interviewing to reduce alcohol and marijuana use among incarcerated adolescents was evaluated. Method: Adolescents (N = 162, 84% male; M
= 17.10 years old) were randomly assigned to receive motivational interviewing or relaxation training, with follow-up assessment 3 months after
release. Results: Compared with those who received relaxation training, adolescents who received motivational interviewing had lower rates of alcohol
and marijuana use at follow-up, with some evidence for moderating effects of depression. At low levels of depression, adolescents who received
motivational interviewing had lower rates of use. Adolescents who received relaxation training and who had high levels of depressive symptoms early
in incarceration showed less use at follow-up than those low in depressive symptoms who received relaxation training. Conclusions: This brief
motivational interviewing intervention during incarceration reduces alcohol and marijuana use after release. In addition, depressive symptoms early
in incarceration should be considered in treating these adolescents, but more work is needed to extend follow-up period and account for the impact of
depression on outcomes.
Journal of Studies on Alcohol & Drugs, 72(3) : 497-
506
- Year: 2011
- Problem: Depressive Disorders, Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Psychological Interventions
(any), Motivational interviewing, includes Motivational Enhancing Therapy, Relaxation
Stormshak, Elizabeth A., Connell, Arin M., Veronneau, Marie-
Helene, Myers, Michael W., Dishion, Thomas J., Kavanagh, Kathryn, Caruthers, Allison S.
This study examined the impact of the Family Check-Up (FCU) and linked
intervention services on reducing health-risk behaviors and promoting social adaptation among middle school youth. A total of 593 students and their
families were randomly assigned to receive either the intervention or middle school services as usual. Forty-two percent of intervention families
engaged in the service and received the FCU. Using complier average causal effect analyses, engagement in the intervention moderated intervention
outcomes. Families who engaged in the intervention had youth who reported lower rates of antisocial behavior and substance use over time than did a
matched control sample. Results extend previous research indicating that a family-centered approach to supporting youth in the public school setting
reduced the growth of antisocial behavior, alcohol use, tobacco use, and marijuana use throughout the middle school years.\r© 2011 The Authors. Child
Development © 2011 Society for Research in Child Development, Inc.
Child Development, 82(1) : 209-225
- Year: 2011
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention, At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions
Tibbits, M. K., Smith, E. A., Caldwell, L. L., Flisher, A. J.
This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of the HealthWise South Africa HIV and substance abuse prevention program at
impacting adolescents' polydrug use and sexual risk behaviors. HealthWise is a school-based intervention designed to promote social-emotional
skills, increase knowledge and refusal skills relevant to substance use and sexual behaviors, and encourage healthy free time activities. Four
intervention schools in one township near Cape Town, South Africa were matched to five comparison schools (N = 4040). The sample included equal
numbers of male and female participants (Mean age = 14.0). Multiple regression was used to assess the impact of HealthWise on the outcomes of
interest. Findings suggest that among virgins at baseline (beginning of eighth grade) who had sex by Wave 5 (beginning of 10th grade), HealthWise
youth were less likely than comparison youth to engage in two or more risk behaviors at last sex. Additionally, HealthWise was effective at slowing
the onset of frequent polydrug use among non-users at baseline and slowing the increase in this outcome among all participants. Program effects were
not found for lifetime sexual activity, condomless sex refusal and past-month polydrug use. These findings suggest that HealthWise is a promising
approach to HIV and substance abuse prevention.
Health Education
Research, 26(4) : 653-663
- Year: 2011
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Psychoeducation, Skills training
Wagner,
E. F., Hospital, M. M., Graziano, J. N., Morris, S., Gil, A. G.
The purpose of the current study was to conduct a randomized, controlled trial of a brief school-based
Guided-Self Change (GSC) program with minority youth. This study evaluated the effectiveness of this intervention program in reducing alcohol use
among participants who presented with co-occurring substance use and violent behavior. Gender and race/ethnicity were also examined as predictors of
treatment response. Participants in the current study were recruited across 17 high schools in the Miami-Dade Public School system. The sample
included 514 adolescents, aged 15-18 years old (M 16.24, SD 1.16) and was racially/ ethnically diverse: Hispanic 57%, African American 23%, white 6%
and other 14%. We used structural equation modeling (SEM-MPlus) to compare GSC treatment vs. standard care (SC) control condition participants on
changes in alcohol use over a 9 month time period using the Time Line Follow Back as the primary measure of alcohol use. Results showed that at
posttreatment, GSC participants on average drank alcohol 1.09 days less than those in the SC condition (Cohen's d = 0.60). At the 3-month follow-up,
the GSC group drank alcohol 0.41 days less than those in the SC condition (Cohen's d = 0.35). Furthermore, for each additional drinking day reported
at posttreatment, the number of drinking days were 0.15 days higher at 3 months. Since the GSC participants were drinking significantly less
frequently than the SC group at posttreatment, this contributed to the GSC participants drinking less frequently than SC participants at the 3 month
follow-up. Formal interaction contrasts were performed to test for gender and race/ethnicity moderated effects. Results indicated that GSC appeared
to be equally effective for males and females and for Hispanics and African Americans. Given that underage drinking is a pressing public health
problem, and minority adolescents typically underutilize substance use intervention services, it is critical to reach this population in an effective
manner. The present study's findings are significant in that school-based settings were successfully utilized to recruit minority youth for
participation, and the culturally responsive treatment facilitated engagement and retention. Moreover, treatment participants exhibited significant
reductions in alcohol use post treatment. In sum, GSC appears to be a promising approach for reducing adolescent drinking problems across genders and
among diverse racial/ethnic groups.
Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research, 35 : 143A
- Year: 2011
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions
Thomas, Roger E., Lorenzetti, Diane, Spragins, Wendy
Background: Many adolescents receive mentoring. There is no systematic review if mentoring prevents
alcohol and drug use.; Objectives: Assess effectiveness of mentoring to prevent adolescent alcohol/drug use.; Search Methods: Cochrane CENTRAL (issue
4), MEDLINE (1950-to July 2011), EMBASE (1980-to July 2011), 5 other electronic and 11 Grey literature electronic databases, 10 websites, reference
lists, experts in addictions and mentoring.; Selection Criteria: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of mentoring in adolescents to prevent
alcohol/drug use.; Data Collection and Analysis: We identified 2,113 abstracts, independently assessed 233 full-text articles, 4 RCTs met inclusion
criteria. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed risks of bias. We contacted investigators for missing information.; Main Results:
We identified 4 RCTs (1,194 adolescents). No RCT reported enough detail to assess whether a strong randomisation method was used or allocation was
concealed. Blinding was not possible as the intervention was mentoring. Three RCTs provided complete data. No selective reporting.Three RCTs provided
evidence about mentoring and preventing alcohol use. We pooled two RCTs (RR for mentoring compared to no intervention = 0.71 (95% CI = 0.57 to 0.90,
P value = 0.005). A third RCT found no significant differences.Three RCTs provided evidence about mentoring and preventing drug use, but could not be
pooled. One found significantly less use of \"illegal\" drugs,\" one did not, and one assessed only marijuana use and found no significant
differences.One RCT measured \"substance use\" without separating alcohol and drugs, and found no difference for mentoring.; Authors' Conclusions:
All four RCTs were in the US, and included \"deprived\" and mostly minority adolescents. Participants were young (in two studies age 12, and in two
others 9-16). All students at baseline were non-users of alcohol and drugs. Two RCTs found mentoring reduced the rate of initiation of alcohol, and
one of drug usage. The ability of the interventions to be effective was limited by the low rates of commencing alcohol and drug use during the
intervention period in two studies (the use of marijuana in one study increased to 1% in the experimental and to 1.6% in the control group, and in
another study drug usage rose to 6% in the experimental and 11% in the control group). However, in a third study there was scope for the intervention
to have an effect as alcohol use rose to 19% in the experimental and 27% in the control group. The studies assessed structured programmes and not
informal mentors.;
Cochrane
Database of Systematic Reviews, (11) : CD007381
- Year: 2011
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Universal prevention, At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions
Werb, Dan, Mills, Edward J., Debeck, Kora, Kerr,
Thomas, Montaner, Julio S. G., Wood, Evan
Background: Anti-illicit-drug public-service
announcements (PSAs) have become a cornerstone of drug policy in the USA. However, studies of the effectiveness of these interventions have not been
subjected to a systematic evaluation.; Methods: The authors searched 10 electronic databases along with major conference abstract databases (from
inception until 15 February 2010) for all articles and abstracts that evaluated the effectiveness of anti-illicit-drug PSAs. The authors evaluated
all studies that assessed intention to use illicit drugs and/or levels of illicit-drug use after exposure to PSAs, and conducted meta-analyses of
these studies.; Results: The authors identified seven randomised trials (n=5428) and four observational trials (n=17 404). Only one randomised trial
showed a statistically significant benefit of PSAs on intention to use illicit drugs, and two found evidence that PSAs significantly increased
intention to use drugs. A meta-analysis of eligible randomised trials demonstrated no significant effect. Observational studies showed evidence of
both harmful and beneficial effects.; Conclusion: Existing evidence suggests that the dissemination of anti-illicit-drug PSAs may have a limited
impact on the intention to use illicit drugs or the patterns of illicit-drug use among target populations.;
Journal of Epidemiology & Community
Health, 65(10) : 834-840
- Year: 2011
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions
Shek, D. T. L., Yu, L.
The present study attempts to examine the longitudinal impact of a curriculum-based
positive youth development program, entitled the Project P.A.T.H.S. (Positive Adolescent Training through Holistic Social Programmes), on adolescent
problem behavior in Hong Kong. Using a longitudinal randomized group design, six waves of data were collected from 19 experimental schools (n = 3,797
at Wave 1) in which students participated in the Project P.A.T.H.S. and 24 control schools (n = 4,049 at Wave 1). At each wave, students responded to
questions asking about their current problem behaviors, including delinquency and use of different types of drugs, and their intentions of engaging
in such behaviors in the future. Results based on individual growth curve modeling generally showed that the participants displayed lower levels of
substance abuse and delinquent behavior than did the control students. Participants who regarded the program to be helpful also showed lower levels
of problem behavior than did the control students. The present findings suggest that the Project P.A.T.H.S. is effective in preventing adolescent
problem behavior in the junior secondary school years. (copyright)2011 with author. Published by TheScientificWorld.
The Scientific World Journal, 11 : 546-
567
- Year: 2011
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions
Sevy, S., Robinson, D. G., Sunday, S., Napolitano, B., Miller, R., McCormack, J., Kane, J.
The purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy
of olanzapine and risperidone for the acute treatment of first-episode schizophrenia patients with cannabis use disorders. This secondary analysis of
a previously published study included 49 first-episode patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, or schizoaffective
disorder and a co-occurring lifetime diagnosis of cannabis use disorders randomly assigned to treatment with either olanzapine (n = 28) or
risperidone (n = 21) for 16. weeks. The olanzapine group did not differ significantly from the risperidone group for initial response rates of
positive symptoms, and rates of cannabis use or alcohol use during the study. Positive symptoms and the Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms
(SANS) global asociality-anhedonia scores improved over time but did not differ between study medications. In both groups, cannabis use during the
study was higher in patients who used cannabis within three months of the admission. Thus, our results suggest that olanzapine and risperidone had a
similar initial efficacy on psychotic symptoms and substance use in first-episode patients with co-occurring cannabis use disorders. If clinicians
are choosing between olanzapine versus risperidone treatment for this population, their decision should be based upon factors other than symptom
response and short-term substance misuse. (copyright) 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Psychiatry Research, 188(3) : 310-314
- Year: 2011
- Problem: Psychosis Disorders, Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder), First episode (psychosis only)
-
Treatment and intervention: Biological Interventions
(any), Typical Antipsychotics (first generation), Atypical Antipsychotics (second
generation)
Santisteban, D. A., Mena, M. P., McCabe, B.
E.
A small randomized trial investigated
a new family-based intervention for Hispanic adolescents who met DSM-IV criteria for substance abuse disorder. The Culturally Informed and Flexible
Family-Based Treatment for Adolescents (CIFFTA) is a tailored/adaptive intervention that includes a flexible treatment manual and multiple treatment
components. The study used an \" add on\" design to isolate the effects on substance abuse, behavior problems, and parenting practices attributable
to the newly developed components. Twenty-eight Hispanic adolescents and their families were randomized either to the experimental treatment or to
traditional family therapy (TFT) and were assessed at baseline and 8-month follow-up. Despite the small sample, results revealed statistically
significant time - treatment effects on both self-reported drug use (marijuana + cocaine), F(1, 22) = 10.59, p < .01, (eta)2 = .33 and adolescent
reports of parenting practices, F(1, 22) = 9.01, p < .01, (eta)2 = .29. Both sets of analyses favored CIFFTA participants. There was a significant
time - treatment effect, F(1, 22) = 6.72, p = .02, (eta)2 = .23, favoring CIFFTA on parent report of parenting practices using a composite that
matched the variables used for adolescents, but only a nonsignificant trend, F(1, 22) = 2.43, p = .13, (eta)2 = .10, with a composite that used all
parenting subscales. Parent reports of adolescent behavior problems did not show a significant time or time - treatment effect. These results show
the promise of this adaptive treatment for substance abuse in Hispanic adolescents and suggest the need for a larger randomized trial to fully
investigate this treatment. (copyright) 2011 American Psychological Association.
Journal of Family
Psychology, 25(4) : 610-614
- Year: 2011
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Family therapy, Other Psychological Interventions, Other service delivery and improvement
interventions