Disorders - Substance Use Disorders
Jones, D. J., Olson, A. L., Forehand, R., Gaffney, C. A., Zens, M. S., Bau, J. J.
Four years of longitudinal data from 2,153 families with a 5th- or 6th-grade preadolescent
participating in a family-focused pediatric primary-care-based prevention program were used to examine whether prevention effects were moderated by
positive parenting and/or adolescent gender. Alcohol and tobacco use, internalizing problems, and externalizing problems were examined. Although
findings revealed no main effect of the prevention program, positive parenting and adolescent gender were moderators of internalizing problems and
adolescent gender was a moderator of externalizing problems. Clinical implications and future directions for research are discussed. copyright 2005
Association for Advancement of Behavior Therapy.
Behavior Therapy, 36(4) : 347-
355
- Year: 2005
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions
Elliott, Lawrence, Orr,
Linda, Watson, Lynsey, Jackson, Andrew
This paper reviews the international scientific evidence on the effectiveness of secondary prevention interventions for young drug
users. The review provides insight into the effectiveness of interventions that have been evaluated using moderately strong research designs. Most of
the studies included are from the United States of America. Some interventions are effective in reducing drug use and associated problems while
others have no or mixed effect. Those successful in reducing drug use include behavior therapy, Minnesota 12-step programs, residential care, and
general drug treatment. Those with either no effect or mixed effect include schools interventions. Involving parents and other agencies may enhance
an intervention's effect. There is a lack of good quality studies outside the USA. Future interventions should focus on either low- or high-risk
groups of young drug users. Future research should be conducted on a wider range of services for young people and include non-medical outcomes such
as communication skills, schooling, employment, family relations, and economic costs. [References: 37]
Adolescence, 40(157) : 1-22
- Year: 2005
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any)
Williams, Christopher, Griffin, Kenneth W., Macaulay, Araxi P., West, Tara L., Gronewold,
Elizabeth
The purpose of the present study was to examine the efficacy of a substance abuse-preventive intervention using CD-ROM technology among
adolescents in the sixth and seventh grades (12- to 13-years-old). The CD-ROM program used interactive audio and video content to teach social
resistance skills, general personal and social competence skills, and normative education. Rates of substance-use behavior attitudes, knowledge,
normative expectations, and related variables were examined. From approximately 23 schools, students (n = 123) were randomly assigned to either
receive the CD-ROM preventive intervention (n = 61) or to serve as a control group (n = 62). Study participants were 50% male, predominantly white
(75%), and 94% came from two-parent families. Self-report data were collected using a self-administered web-based survey. Findings indicated that
there were significant intervention effects on pro-drug attitudes, normative expectations for peer and adult substance use, anxiety reduction skills,
and relaxation skills knowledge, with intervention students reporting improved scores on these outcomes at the posttest relative to control students.
Findings indicate that a substance abuse-preventive intervention derived from an effective, school-based prevention approach is efficacious when
delivered using CD-ROM technology. Research is needed to determine potential differences in the efficacy of CD-ROM prevention tools delivered in
schools compared to home settings.
Substance Use & Misuse, 40(6) : 869-78
- Year: 2005
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Psychoeducation, Skills training, Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)
Terzian, M. A., Fraser, M. W.
For many youths, aggressive behavior and drug use have roots in conduct problems that begin in early childhood. Many preventive
interventions-universal, selective, and indicated-are based on this finding. These programs are designed to interrupt developmental trajectories that
lead to delinquency, drug abuse, and other serious social problems. A number of prevention programs have been developed and tested in public schools.
Surprisingly, although family risk factors loom large in the etiology of conduct problems, few school-based programs have involved families. This
study reviews six family-oriented, school-based programs that have produced promising findings in rigorous evaluations. The purpose of this paper is
to describe these programs and distill from them core family-oriented prevention strategies for use in public school settings. Based on our review,
these include: (a) strengthening the skills of both children and parents; (b) creating opportunities for parents and teachers to communicate more
readily; (c) promoting bonds of attachment between children and parents and between parents and teachers; and (d) involving teachers in training on
managing classroom disruptions, understanding peer dynamics, and promoting positive learning environments in their classrooms. copyright 2004
Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Aggression & Violent Behavior, 10(4) : 407-
435
- Year: 2005
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions
St-Pierre, Tena L., Osgood, D. Wayne, Mincemoyer, Claudia C., Kaltreider, D.
Lynne, Kauh, Tina J.
Reported are results of an independent effectiveness study of the Project ALERT drug prevention
program implemented in eight Pennsylvania middle schools by outside program leaders employed by Cooperative Extension. In this randomized, 2-cohort
longitudinal evaluation, 1,649 seventh-grade students completed a pretest and four waves of posttests over the 2-year program and 1-year follow-up.
Project ALERT's effectiveness was tested through a 3-level hierarchical linear model. Analyses failed to yield any positive effects for substance
use or mediators for use in the adult or teen-assisted delivery of the curriculum. An extensive set of additional analyses detected no differential
program effects by student risk level, gender, school, or level of implementation quality. Potential explanations for outcomes relative to Project
ALERT's original effectiveness trial are discussed, as well as implications for future research, including the need to conduct independent
effectiveness studies of previously validated programs in a variety of contexts.
Prevention Science, 6(4) : 305-17
- Year: 2005
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Psychoeducation, Skills training
Tait, Robert J., Hulse, Gary K., Robertson, Suzanne I., Sprivulis, Peter
C.
We evaluated the 12-month outcomes of a
brief intervention, enhanced by a consistent support person, which aimed to facilitate referral attendance for substance use treatment following a
hospital alcohol or other drug (AOD) presentation. Outcomes were assessed as: attendance for substance use treatment; the number of hospital AOD ED
presentations; change in AOD consumption and psychological wellbeing (GHQ-12). We recruited 127 adolescents, with 60 randomised to the intervention
and 67 receiving usual care. At 12 months, 87 (69%) were re-interviewed. Significantly more of the intervention than the usual care group (12 versus
4) had attended a treatment agency. Excluding the index presentations, there were 66 AOD hospital presentations post intervention, with the
proportion of AOD events falling for the intervention group, whilst no change occurred for the usual care group. Irrespective of randomisation, those
who attended for substance use treatment had a greater decline in total self-reported drug use than the remainder. Both intervention and usual care
groups had improved GHQ-12 scores by 12 months, with reduction in GHQ scores correlated with reduced drug use. In conclusion, while brief
intervention in ED only has limited success in facilitating adolescents to attend for subsequent AOD treatment, it can significantly reduce the
number of AOD related ED presentations.
Drug & Alcohol Dependence, 79(3) : 359-
63
- Year: 2005
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions
Werch, Chudley E., Moore, Michele M., Diclemente, Carlo C., Owen, Deborah M., Carlson, Joan M., Jobli, Edessa
Objective. The purpose of this study was to
compare the effects of a single drug, i.e., alcohol, against a multiple drug preventive intervention. Methods. A controlled trial was conducted with
448 8th grade students (mean age = 13 years old) from an inner-city middle school (n = 216) and a rural junior high school (n = 232) in 2000-2001.
Students were randomized within school, and 3-month post-intervention follow-up data were collected. Results. Two risk/protective factors were found
to differ significantly in favor of youth receiving the single drug alcohol intervention (p's = 0.03), while the frequency of alcohol use and two
additional risk/protective factors approached significance (p's < 0.10). Conclusion. These findings support the potential efficacy of a brief,
single drug preventive intervention over a brief, multi-drug intervention in producing short-term alcohol outcomes for adolescents, and indicate
differential effects of interventions for subgroups of substance using youth. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved) (journal
abstract).
Substance Use & Misuse, 40(8) : 1085-1101
- Year: 2005
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions
Simons-Morton,
Bruce, Haynie, Denise, Saylor, Keith, Crump, Aria Davis, Chen, Rusan
This study evaluated the effects of a school-based intervention on growth trajectories of smoking, drinking, and antisocial behavior
among early adolescents. Seven middle schools were randomized to intervention or comparison conditions and students in two successive cohorts (n =
1484) provided five waves of data from sixth to ninth grade. The Going Places Program, included classroom curricula, parent education, and school
environment components. Latent growth curve analyses demonstrated significant treatment group effects, including reducing increases in friends who
smoke, outcome expectations for smoking, and smoking progression, but had non-significant effects on drinking or antisocial behavior. The Going
Places Program was effective in preventing increases in smoking progression, but its efficacy as a more cross-cutting problem behavior preventive
intervention was not confirmed.
Prevention Science, 6(3) : 187-97
- Year: 2005
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Psychoeducation, Skills training
Schinke,
Steven, Schwinn, Traci
This study developed and tested a gender-specific intervention for preventing substance
abuse among adolescent girls. Delivered on CD-ROM by computer, the program was compared with a conventional substance abuse prevention program
delivered live in a group setting. Seventh-grade girls in New York City middle schools completed pretests, and, by school, were randomly assigned to
receive either gender-specific computer intervention (GSI) or conventional intervention, and were posttested. Analyses of pretest to posttest gain
scores showed GSI girls compared to girls receiving conventional intervention to possess a larger repertoire of stress-reduction methods, to report
lower approval of cigarettes, alcohol, and drugs, to identify more unhealthy ways to deal with stress, to report lower likelihood of cigarette use or
alcohol consumption if asked to do so by best friends, and to hold stronger plans to avoid cigarettes, alcohol, and drugs in the next year. These
modest findings lend credence to the promise of gender-specific, computerized interventions for substance abuse prevention among adolescent
girls.
American Journal of Drug & Alcohol Abuse, 31(4) : 609-
16
- Year: 2005
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions, Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)
Schinke, Steven P., Schwinn, Traci M., Di Noia, Jennifer, Cole,
Kristin C.
Objective: This study tested a CD-ROM intervention with and without a
parent involvement component to reduce risk of alcohol use among an urban sample of early adolescents. Method: Youths (N=514, mean age 11.5 years at
recruitment) were assigned randomly by community site to receive the CD-ROM intervention, the CD-ROM plus parent intervention, or no intervention.
All youths completed pretest, posttest and three annual follow-up measurements. After pretesting, youths and parents received their respective
interventions. Results: Main effects of the intervention and for measurement occasion as well as interaction effects of the intervention by
measurement occasion were seen for substance use and related outcomes. Over time, youths in all 3 groups reported increased use of alcohol, tobacco
and marijuana; youths who received the interventions reported smaller increases than control youths. At 3-year follow-up, alcohol use was lower for
CD-ROM plus parent intervention youths than for CD-ROM only youths, who, in turn, reported less use than controls. Cigarette use was lower for youths
in either intervention group than in the control group at posttest and at 1-, 2- and 3-year follow-ups. Marijuana use was lower for youths in either
intervention than for controls at 1-, 2- and 3-year follow-ups. Youths in both intervention groups outperformed control youths at posttest and at 1-
and 3-year follow-ups on levels of negative and peer influence toward substance use. Finally, at the 3-year follow-up, youths in the CD-ROM plus
parent intervention group reported more family involvement in their alcohol use prevention efforts than did youths in the CD-ROM group, who, in turn,
reported more positive levels of family involvement than youths in the control group. Conclusions: Study findings modestly support the CD-ROM
intervention with and without the parent intervention to reduce alcohol use risks among urban early adolescents. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007
APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).
Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 65(4) : 443-
449
- Year: 2004
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Skills training, Other Psychological Interventions, Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)
Schinke, S. P., Di Noia, J., Glassman, J. R.
This research evaluated a computer-mediated intervention for preventing drug abuse and violence. Research participants
were economically disadvantaged youth, defined as early adolescents from households with family incomes below the Federal poverty line. Based on
cognitive-behavioral skills approaches shown effective in past research, computer intervention was compared with conventionally delivered
intervention in a pretest-posttest, control group design. Outcome findings revealed that youth assigned to the computer or conventional intervention
arms achieved more positive pretest-to-posttest gain scores than youth in the control arm on several variables. These variables were: how youth
regarded people who used drugs, strategies for avoiding trouble, and ways for controlling their tempers. One item, the ability to refuse drug offers,
favored youth in the conventional intervention arm over those in the computer or control arms. Combined with prior work on computer-delivered
interventions, data from this study lend added support to the viability of computer approaches for preventing drug abuse, violence, and other problem
behavior among early adolescent youth. copyright 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Addictive
Behaviors, 29(1) : 225-229
- Year: 2004
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Skills training, Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)
Spoth, Richard, Redmond, Cleve, Shin, Chungyeol, Azevedo, Kari
This study examines the effects of 2 brief family-focused interventions on the trajectories of
substance initiation over a period of 6 years following a baseline assessment. The 2 interventions, designed for general-population families of
adolescents, were the 7-session Iowa Strengthening Families Program (ISFP) (Molgaard & Spoth, 2001) and the 5-session Preparing for the Drug Free
Years Program (PDFY) (Catalano, Kosterman, Haggerty, Hawkins, & Spoth, 1999). Thirty-three rural public schools were randomly assigned to the ISFP,
the PDFY, or a minimal-contact control condition. The authors evaluated the curvilinear growth observed in school-level measures of initiation using
a logistic growth curve analysis. Alcohol and tobacco composite use indices--as well as lifetime use of alcohol, cigarettes, and marijuana--and
lifetime drunkenness, were examined. Significant intervention-control differences were observed, indicating favorable delays in initiation in the
intervention groups. (c) 2004 APA, all rights reserved
Journal of Consulting &
Clinical Psychology, 72(3) : 535-42
- Year: 2004
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions