Disorders - Substance Use Disorders
Xin, R., Fitzpatrick, O. M., Ho-Lam-Lai, P., Weisz, J.
R., Price, M. A.
Asian American (AsA) youth comprise a large and fast-growing
proportion of the U. S. population. AsA youth have comparable and sometimes higher rates of mental health concerns compared to White youth, but are
significantly less likely to access mental health services. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) was originally designed by and for White and Western
populations, but might provide clinical benefits for AsA youth because several CBT characteristics overlap with some AsA values (e.g., directive
therapeutic style; family involvement). Despite this promise, there has yet to be a synthesis of evidence on the effectiveness of CBT, either
culturally-adapted or non-adapted, for AsA youth. A systematic narrative review identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of CBT conducted with
AsA youth. Electronic databases used included PsycINFO, Web of Science, PubMed, and ProQuest. Our search yielded 2,059 articles, of which, 8 RCTs
(386 participants) met inclusion criteria. Studies were heterogeneous across targeted problems (e.g., phobia, depression) and age (M = 8.4-22.1
years). Findings suggest that both culturally-adapted and non-adapted CBT (3 and 5 RCTs, respectively) were effective in reducing a range of
emotional and behavioral problems for AsA youth. The dearth of studies with AsA youth underscores the need for enhancing the cultural responsiveness
of clinical research and practice, as well as harnessing community-engaged methods to improve the accessibility and uptake of evidence-based mental
health services for AsA youth. Copyright © 2022 Society of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology.
Evidence-Based Practice in Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 7(2) : 198-
212
- Year: 2022
- Problem: Specific
Phobia, Depressive Disorders, Eating Disorders
(any), Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Universal prevention, Disorder established (diagnosed disorder), At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT)
Valente, J. Y., Cogo-Moreira, H., Sanchez, Z. M.
This study
evaluated the effectiveness of a drug and violence resistance educational program (Programa Educacional de Resistencia as Drogas e a Violencia-
PROERD) on latent substance use profiles over a 9-month follow-up period. Two PROERD curricula were evaluated through a cluster randomized controlled
trials with two parts that included a total of 4030 fifth-and seventh-grade students in 30 public schools in Sao Paulo. The intervention groups
received 10 PROERD classes delivered by trained police officers, while the control group received no intervention. The primary outcome measures were
drug use (any alcohol use, binge drinking, tobacco, marijuana, and inhalants) in the past 6 months, which was assessed using a pretest and a posttest
9 months later. Latent transition analysis was employed to investigate the effect of the intervention on the probabilities associated with the
transition across drug use profiles. Latent drug use profiles are underlying subgroups of individuals similar to each other regarding their pattern
of polysubstance use. Two different latent drug use profiles were revealed among the fifth graders (abstainers/low users and alcohol users/binge
drinkers) and three drug use profiles among the seventh graders (abstainers/low users, alcohol users/binge drinkers, and polydrug users). For both,
there was no evidence of the effect of PROERD on drug transition probabilities. In conclusion, the intervention was not successful in changing
transitions across adolescent drug use profiles. Thus, the failure of the intervention to affect students' substance use profiles suggests that it
should be reconsidered before it is implemented further in Brazilian schools. Copyright © 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer
Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Journal of prevention (2022), 43
(4) : 529-548
- Year: 2022
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention, At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Skills training
Tinner, L., Palmer, J. C., Lloyd, E. C., Caldwell, D. M., MacArthur, G. J., Dias,
K., Langford, R., Redmore,
J., Wittkop, L., Watkins, S. H., Hickman, M., Campbell, R.
BACKGROUND: Engagement in multiple substance use risk
behaviours such as tobacco smoking, alcohol and drug use during adolescence can result in adverse health and social outcomes. The impact of
interventions that address multiple substance use risk behaviours, and the differential impact of universal versus targeted approaches, is unclear
given findings from systematic reviews have been mixed. Our objective was to assess effects of interventions targeting multiple substance use
behaviours in adolescents. METHOD(S): Eight databases were searched to October 2019. Individual and cluster randomised controlled trials were
included if they addressed two or more substance use behaviours in individuals aged 8-25 years. Data were pooled in random-effects meta-analyses,
reported by intervention and setting. Quality of evidence was assessed using GRADE. Heterogeneity was assessed using between-study variance, tau2 and
I2, and the p-value of between-study heterogeneity statistic Q. Sensitivity analyses were undertaken using the highest and lowest intra-cluster
correlation coefficient (ICC). RESULT(S): Of 66 included studies, most were universal (n=52) and school-based (n=41). We found moderate quality
evidence that universal school-based interventions are likely to have little or no short-term benefit (up to 12 months) in relation to alcohol use
(OR 0.94, 95% CI: 0.84, 1.04), tobacco use (OR 0.98, 95% CI: 0.83, 1.15), cannabis use (OR 1.06, 95% CI: 0.86, 1.31) and other illicit drug use (OR
1.09, 95% CI: 0.85, 1.39). For targeted school-level interventions, there was low quality evidence of no or a small short-term benefit: alcohol use
(OR 0.90, 95% CI: 0.74-1.09), tobacco use (OR 0.86, 95% CI: 0.66, 1.11), cannabis use (OR 0.84, 95% CI: 0.66-1.07) and other illicit drug use (OR
0.79, 95% CI 0.62-1.02). There were too few family-level (n=4), individual-level (n=2) and combination level (n=5) studies to draw confident
conclusions. Sensitivity analyses of ICC did not change results. CONCLUSION(S): There is low to moderate quality evidence that universal and targeted
school-level interventions have no or a small beneficial effect for preventing substance use multiple risk behaviours in adolescents. Higher quality
trials and study reporting would allow better evidence syntheses, which is needed given small benefit of universal interventions can have high public
health benefit. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2014, Issue 11. Art. No.: CD011374. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD011374.
Copyright © 2022. The Author(s).
BMC public health, 22
(1) : 1111
- Year: 2022
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Universal prevention, At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any)
Theurel,
A., Witt, A., Shankland, R.
The mental
health of university students is a serious public health issue. The alarming trend of high levels of untreated psychological distress observed during
the COVID-19 pandemic highlights the need for prevention programs. Digital tools are a promising means of delivering such programs. Web-based
programs are acceptable and effective at improving mental health problems and general mental well-being. However, the usefulness of such digital
prevention approaches to address the multiple issues raised by the COVID-19 pandemic needs to be tested. The current study assessed the effectiveness
of an 8-week online intervention, integrating a variety of evidence-based strategies for improving French university students' mental health.
Students were assigned to: (1) the online self-help program ETUCARE (n = 53), or (2) the control condition (n = 50). All the participants completed
pre- and post-intervention questionnaires that assessed mental health problems and psychological well-being. The findings revealed that, compared to
the control group, participation in the online program was associated with higher levels of psychological well-being post-test and fewer clinical
symptoms of psychological distress, anxiety, and alcohol consumption. These preliminary findings suggest that the ETUCARE program is a promising
multicomponent intervention to buffer the mental health consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in French university students.
International Journal of Environmental Research & Public Health [Electronic
Resource], 19(16) : 22
- Year: 2022
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders, Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention, At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions, Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)
Tanner-Smith, E. E., Parr, N. J., Schweer-Collins, M., Saitz, R.
AIMS: To estimate effects of brief substance use
interventions delivered in general medical settings.\rMETHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials conducted since 1990 of
brief substance use interventions in patients of any age or severity level recruited in general medical settings. Primary outcomes were any measure
of substance use or substance-related consequences (indexed with Hedges' g and risk ratios). Mixed-effects meta-regressions were used to estimate
overall effects and predictors of effect variability. Analyses were conducted separately by brief intervention (BI) target substance: alcohol only or
drugs.\rFINDINGS: A total of 116 trials (64 439 participants) were identified; 111 (62 263 participants) provided effect size data and were included
in the meta-analysis. Drug-targeted BIs yielded significant small improvements in multiple drug/mixed substance use (Hedges' g ( g ) = 0.08; 95% CI
= 0.002, 0.15), but after adjusting for multiple comparisons, they did not produce significant effects on cannabis use ( g = 0.06; 95% CI = 0.001,
0.12), alcohol use ( g = 0.08; 95% CI = -0.0003, 0.17), or consequences ( g = 0.05; 95% CI = 0.01, 0.10). Drug-targeted BIs yielded larger
improvements in multiple drug/mixed substance use when delivered by a general practitioner ( g = 0.19; 95% CI = 0.187, 0.193). Alcohol-targeted BIs
yielded small beneficial effects on alcohol use ( g = 0.12; 95% CI 0.08, 0.16), but no evidence of an effect on consequences ( g = 0.05; 95% CI = -
0.04, 0.13). However, alcohol-targeted BIs only had beneficial effects on alcohol use when delivered in general medical settings ( g = 0.17; 95% CI =
0.10, 0.24); the findings were inconclusive for those delivered in emergency department/trauma centers ( g = 0.05; 95% CI = 0.00, 0.10).
\rCONCLUSIONS: When delivered in general medical settings, alcohol-targeted brief interventions may produce small beneficial reductions in drinking
(equivalent to a reduction in 1 drinking day per month). There is limited evidence regarding the effects of drug-targeted brief interventions on drug
use.
Addiction, 117(4) : 877-
889
- Year: 2022
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Universal prevention, At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions
Sterling, S., Parthasarathy, S., Jones, A., Weisner, C., Metz, V., Hartman, L., Saba, K., Kline-Simon, A. H.
Purpose:
Screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) may impact future comorbidity and healthcare utilization among adolescents screening
positive for substance use or mood problems. Method(s): In a randomized trial sample, we compared an SBIRT group to usual care for substance use,
mental health, medical diagnoses, and healthcare utilization over 7 years postscreening. Result(s): In logistic regression models adjusting for
patient characteristics, the SBIRT group had lower odds of any substance (Odds Ratio[OR] = 0.80, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 0.66-.98), alcohol
(OR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.51-0.94), any drug (OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.54-0.98), marijuana (OR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.50-0.98), and tobacco (OR = 0.83, 95% CI
= 0.69-1.00) diagnoses, and lower odds of any inpatient hospitalizations (OR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.41-0.85) compared with usual care. Negative binomial
models examining number of visits among adolescents with at least one visit of that type found that those in the SBIRT group had fewer primary care
(incidence rate ratio[iRR] = 0.90, p < .05) and psychiatry (iRR = 0.64, p < .01) and more addiction medicine (iRR = 1.52, p < .01) visits over 7
years compared with usual care. In posthoc analyses, we found that among Hispanic patients, those in the SBIRT group had lower odds of any substance,
any drug and marijuana use disorder diagnoses compared with usual care, and among Black/African American patients, those in the SBIRT group had lower
odds of alcohol use disorder diagnoses compared with usual care. Discussion(s): Beneficial effects of adolescent SBIRT on substance use and
healthcare utilization may persist into young adulthood. Copyright © 2021 Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine
Journal of Adolescent Health, 71(4 Supplement) : S15-
S23
- Year: 2022
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions
Spoth, R., Redmond, C., Shin, C., Trudeau, L., Greenberg, M.
T., Feinberg, M. E., Welsh, J.
This study evaluated emerging adult effects of the PROmoting School-Community-University Partnerships to Enhance Resilience
(PROSPER) universal prevention delivery system implemented in middle schools. Twenty-eight rural school districts were randomized to intervention and
control conditions, with 1985 nineteen-year-old participants (90.6% White, 54.1% female) evaluated through age 25. Intent-to-treat, multi-level,
point-in-time analyses of covariance and growth analyses were conducted. Outcomes were assessed with self-report measures of substance misuse
(lifetime, current, frequency) and conduct problem behaviors. Analyses showed very limited point-in-time effects; there were growth pattern effects
on measures of illicit drugs, non-prescribed drugs, cigarettes, and drug problems. When risk moderation was observed, it favored higher-risk
participants. These emerging adult effects concerning slower growth of lifetime misuse combine with more robust adolescent stage findings to support
PROSPER's public health value.
Child Development, 93(4) : 925-
940
- Year: 2022
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions
Siljeholm, O., Edvardsson, K., Hammarberg, A.
Background: The use of alcohol and
illicit substances is responsible for a large part of the burden of disease amongst young adults globally. Despite this, many young adults never
enter treatment, which leads to increased risks in the present (e.g. injury, violence, economic loss) as well as later in a life perspective (e.g.
development of dependence, mental health problems, premature death). There is preliminary evidence that more young adults with a problematic
substance use could be motivated to enter treatment by interventions targeting their parents, providing the parents with support, coping strategies
and approaches for behavioral change. The aim of this trial was to compare Community Reinforcement And Family Training (CRAFT) to treatment as usual
(TAU) for parents of young adults showing a problematic substance use but who refuse to enter treatment. Method(s): A randomized controlled trial
compared the efficacy of CRAFT (8 individualmanual-based sessions) for parents of young adults (15-24 years old) (N = 58), to an active control group
(N = 57) receiving TAU (5 sessions of individual manual-based counselling sessions). Assessment of outcomes was conducted at baseline and after 6, 12
and 24 weeks. Primary outcome was treatmentseeking in the young adult as reported by the parent. Secondary outcomes included young adult
alcohol-/substance use and related consequences, parental mental health, relationship happiness, quality of life and parental self-efficacy.
Preliminary results: Approximately 30%of the parents reported that their young adult entered treatment for substance use at some point during the 24
-week follow-up period. No differences were found between participants in CRAFT vs TAU. Significant reductions in young adult alcohol- and substance
use and substance related consequences were reported by parents in both conditions between baseline and 24-weeks follow-up. Parents in both
conditions also reported increased relational happiness with the young adult, increased quality of life and parental self-efficacy. Preliminary
conclusions: The preliminary results from the current study suggest that engaging parents in manual-based support programs could be an efficient
strategy in motivating young adults with a problematic substance use to enter treatment, while simultaneously being beneficial for the parents. Such
preventive interventions could potentially have a large impact on both individual and public health levels.
Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 46(Supplement
1) : 230A
- Year: 2022
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions
Segrott, J., Gillespie, D., Lau, M., Holliday, J., Murphy, S., Foxcroft, D., Hood, K., Scourfield, J., Phillips, C., Roberts, Z., Rothwell, H., Hurlow, C., Moore, L.
Objectives The Strengthening Families Programme 10-14 (SFP10-14) is a USA-developed universal group-based intervention
aiming to prevent substance misuse by strengthening protective factors within the family. This study evaluated a proportionate universal
implementation of the adapted UK version (SFP10-14UK) which brought together families identified as likely/not likely to experience/present
challenges within a group setting. Design Pragmatic cluster-randomised controlled effectiveness trial, with families as the unit of randomisation and
embedded process and economic evaluations. Setting The study took place in seven counties of Wales, UK. Participants 715 families (919
parents/carers, 931 young people) were randomised. Interventions Families randomised to the intervention arm received the SFP10-14 comprising seven
weekly sessions. Families in intervention and control arms received existing services as normal. Outcome measures Primary outcomes were the number of
occasions young people reported drinking alcohol in the last 30 days; and drunkenness during the same period, dichotomised as 'never' and '1-2
times or more'. Secondary outcomes examined alcohol/tobacco/substance behaviours including: cannabis use; weekly smoking (validated by salivary
cotinine measures); age of alcohol initiation; frequency of drinking >5 drinks in a row; frequency of different types of alcoholic drinks; alcohol-
related problems. Retention: primary analysis included 746 young people (80.1%) (alcohol consumption) and 732 young people (78.6%) (drunkenness).
Results There was no evidence of statistically significant between-group differences 2 years after randomisation for primary outcomes (young
people's alcohol consumption in the last 30 days adjusted OR=1.11, 95% CI 0.72 to 1.71, p=0.646; drunkenness in the last 30 days adjusted OR=1.46,
95% CI 0.83 to 2.55, p=0.185). There were no statistically significant between-group differences for other substance use outcomes, or those relating
to well-being/stress, and emotional/behavioural problems. Conclusions Previous evidence of effectiveness was not replicated. Findings highlight the
importance of evaluating interventions when they are adapted for new settings. Trial registration number ISRCTN63550893.Cite Now. Copyright © Author
(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022.
BMJ Open, 12(2) (no
pagination) :
- Year: 2022
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any), Alcohol
Use
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions
Scott, K., Becker, S. J., Helseth, S. A., Saldanha, I. J., Balk, E. M., Adam, G. P., Konnyu, K. J., Steele, D. W.
BACKGROUND: Co-occurring mental health and substance use (SU) disorders among adolescents are common, with two-thirds of adolescents
who seek SU treatment also requiring support for mental health. Primary care physicians play a key role in the pharmacological treatment of mental
health disorders among adolescents, however, little is known about the impact of these treatments on SU outcomes. OBJECTIVE(S): This systematic
review summarizes the evidence regarding commonly used pharmacotherapy interventions for mental health and their impact on adolescent SU. METHOD(S):
Literature searches were conducted across five databases as part of a larger systematic review of adolescent SU interventions. Studies were screened
for eligibility by two researchers, and study data were extracted regarding study design, patient and treatment characteristics and results. Risk of
bias analyses and qualitative syntheses were completed to evaluate the strength of the evidence and the impact of pharmacotherapy on SU outcomes.
RESULT(S): Ten randomized controlled trials exploring seven pharmacotherapies met criteria for inclusion. All studies had low to moderate risk of
bias. Four studies evaluated pharmacotherapy for co-occurring depression and SU, three evaluated attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and SU, and
three evaluated bipolar disorder and SU. Five of the 10 studies also included a behavioural intervention. We found no evidence that pharmacotherapy
for co-occurring mental health diagnoses impacted SU. CONCLUSION(S): Family medicine clinicians prescribing pharmacotherapy for mental health should
be aware that additional interventions will likely be needed to address co-occurring SU. Copyright © The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford
University Press. All rights reserved.For permissions, please e-mail: [email protected].
Family Practice, 39(2) : 301-310
- Year: 2022
- Problem: Bipolar Disorders, Depressive Disorders, Suicide or self-harm with comorbid mental disorder, Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention), Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Biological Interventions
(any), Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), Antidepressants
(any), Atypical Antipsychotics (second
generation), Anticonvulsants/mood stabilisers (excl. lithium), Lithium, Medications used to treat substance abuse
Savaglio, M., O'Donnell, R., Hatzikiriakidis,
K., Vicary, D., Skouteris, H.
Australia has undergone significant youth mental health reform
over the past 10 years, leading to numerous studies examining the effects of community-based mental health care programs for Australian youth.
However, no synthesis of this literature currently exists. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to: (1) describe the types of community-based
mental health programs that have been delivered to Australian youth in the past 10 years; and (2) examine their impact in improving young people's
mental health symptomology and psychosocial functioning. A systematic search of the peer-reviewed literature was conducted. Studies were included if
they evaluated the extent to which such programs improved mental health symptomology (e.g., depression, anxiety, substance use) and/or psychosocial
outcomes (e.g., social functioning, school engagement, employment) for Australian youth aged 10-25 years. Thirty-seven studies were included. Four
types of community-based youth mental health care programs were identified: therapy (n=16), case management (n=9), integrated 'one-stop-shop' (n=6)
and lifestyle (n=6) programs. The majority of therapeutic programs were effective in reducing mental health symptomology. Case management and
integrated approaches consistently yielded significant improvements in both symptomology and psychosocial outcomes. Lifestyle programs were effective
in alleviating depressive symptoms, but inconclusive for other outcomes. This review provides support for youth-friendly, systemic, multidisciplinary
and integrated assertive outreach models of community mental health care to improve outcomes for young Australians experiencing mental health
concerns. Several recommendations for future research are provided to strengthen the local evidence-base supporting community mental health programs
to ultimately enhance young people's life trajectory. Copyright © 2022. The Author(s).
, 16 :
- Year: 2022
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders, Eating Disorders
(any), Psychosis Disorders, Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention), Disorder established (diagnosed disorder), First episode (psychosis only)
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any)
Sahker, E., Luo, Y., Sakata, M., Toyomoto, R., Hwang, C., Yoshida, K., Watanabe, N., Furukawa, T. A.
BACKGROUND: The
efficacy of brief intervention (BI) for unhealthy drug use in outpatient medical care has not been sufficiently substantiated through meta-analysis
despite its ongoing global delivery. This study aims to determine the efficacy of BI for unhealthy drug use and the expected length of effects, and
describe subgroup analyses by outpatient setting.\rMETHODS: Trials comparing BI with usual care controls were retrieved through four databases up to
January 13, 2021. Two reviewers independently screened, selected, and extracted data. Primary outcomes included drug use frequency (days used) and
severity on validated scales at 4-8 months and were analyzed using random-effects model meta-analysis.\rRESULTS: In total, 20 studies with 9182
randomized patients were included. There was insufficient evidence to support the efficacy of BI for unhealthy drug use among all outpatient medical
care settings for use frequency (SMD = -0.07, 95% CI = -0.17, 0.02, p = 0.12, I2 = 37%, high certainty of evidence) and severity (SMD = -
0.27, 95% CI = -0.78, 0.24, p = 0.30, I2 = 98%, low certainty of evidence). However, post hoc subgroup analyses uncovered significant
effects for use frequency by setting (interaction p = 0.02), with significant small effects only in emergency departments (SMD = -0.15, 95% CI = -
0.25, -0.04, p < 0.01). Primary care, student health, women's health, and HIV primary care subgroups were nonsignificant. Primary care BI revealed
nonsignificant greater average use in the treatment group compared to usual care.\rDISCUSSION: BI for unhealthy drug use lacks evidence of efficacy
among all outpatient medical settings. However, small effects found in emergency departments may indicate incremental benefits for some patients.
Clinical decisions for SBI or specialty treatment program referrals should be carefully considered accounting for these small effects in emergency
departments.\rRegistration: Prospero (crd42020157733).
Journal of General Internal Medicine, 37(8) : 2041-
2049
- Year: 2022
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions