Disorders - Substance Use Disorders
Friedman, Alfred S., Terras, Arlene, Glassman, Kimberly
In this prevention-early intervention project, for inner-city, low SES, court-adjudicated male
adolescents, conducted in a residential treatment center, new admissions were randomly assigned to either a program participant group (in a triple-
modality social learning program in the classroom), or to a control group. Results: The follow-up assessment (N = 251), at six months after discharge
to home and community, showed that the program group reported a significantly greater degree of reduction in drug use/abuse, and in the selling of
drugs, but not in alcohol use, or in illegal violent behavior, or in school problems. By means of dosage and process analyses, it was determined that
(1) it was the Botvin LST program that was effective in reducing substance use/abuse and the selling of drugs; and (2) that those participants who
participated more positively in the Prothrow-Stith Anti-Violence program reduced their violent behavior at follow-up to a significantly greater
degree. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).
Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse, 11(4) : 43-65
- Year: 2002
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Skills training
Morris, Julie, Parker, Howard, Aldridge,
Judith
Based on North American evidence that multi-component drugs prevention programmes have an impact on reducing young
people's drug taking, the Integrated Programme (IP) was designed and delivered to adolescents (aged 12-17 yrs) in northern England during 1998-1999.
The IP was evaluated by comparing the attitudes and drug-taking behaviour of nearly 2000 young people before and after programme delivery. Action
sites (which received the IP) and comparison sites (which did not) were randomly allocated once baseline survey measurements had been taken.
Controlling for key variables multiple logistic regression was used to measure the odds ratio of drug taking on 20 measures for young people in both
action and comparison sites based on a follow-up survey. The results suggested that young people who received the IP were more likely to reduce
harder drug use and maintain a softer drug-taking repertoire than those in the comparison sites. However, these 'gains' were small and inconsistent
and the IP had no impact on reducing initiation/first trying rates. The results were thus only indicative that such programmes might be effective in
the UK context. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved).
Drugs: Education, Prevention & Policy, 9(2) : 153-
168
- Year: 2002
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions
Marques, A. C., Formigoni, M. L.
AIMS AND DESIGN: A randomized clinical trial was performed to evaluate the
influence of two formats of cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy (individual vs. group) in the treatment of alcohol and/or drug dependent patients.
SETTING: Public outpatient drug dependence service. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred and fifty-five alcohol and/or drug-dependent patients. INTERVENTION:
The patients were randomly assigned to individual (n = 77) or group (n = 78) treatment formats. The treatment was developed into two phases:
acquisition (eight sessions) and maintenance (nine sessions), distributed over an 8-month period. MEASUREMENTS: Alcohol and drug use, severity of
dependence, and alcohol- and drug-related problems were evaluated at pre-treatment and 15 months after admission to treatment. FINDINGS: At follow-up
evaluation both groups of patients presented similar levels of drug consumption, dependence and associated problems. Although group-treated patients
reported slightly higher levels of alcohol consumption (both at baseline and follow-up) differences between the formats disappear if baseline levels
are included as covariates. Compliance with treatment and a measure of drug severity were predictors of success for the drug dependents. The number
of sessions attended and high GGT levels at admission were positively correlated with success for the alcohol dependents. CONCLUSIONS: The two
modalities presented similar outcomes and, as the group format could present a better cost-benefit ratio, it may be used without decreasing
compliance with treatment or treatment effectiveness.
Addiction, 96(6) : 835-
46
- Year: 2001
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT)
Dent, Clyde W., Sussman, Steve, Stacy, Alan
W.
Examined the generalizability of a successful
classroom-based prevention program developed for youth at alternative high schools (high risk) to youth at general high schools. A replication of a
previously tested prevention program in a general high school population was conducted with 1-year follow-up data. Classrooms within each of three
schools (n=1208) were randomly assigned to two conditions, classroom education or standard care control. Statistically significant effects on alcohol
and illicit drug use were achieved in this population through a 1-year period following the program, although effects were not achieved on cigarette
smoking and marijuana use. These results suggest that this program (Project Towards No Drug Abuse) has applicability to a wide range of older teens.
(PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved).
Preventive Medicine, 32(6) : 514-
520
- Year: 2001
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions
Azrin, Nathan H., Donohue,
Brad, Teichner, Gordon A., Crum, Thomas, Howell, Jennifer, DeCato, Leah A.
There is a strong comorbid relationship between conduct and substance disorders in youth. However, there is an absence of controlled studies
that have explicitly examined treatment efficacy in this dually-diagnosed population. In the present study, 56 such youth (aged 12-17 yrs) were
randomly assigned to receive either individual-cognitive therapy or family-behavioral therapy. Subjects in both intervention groups demonstrated
significant improvements in their conduct and reductions in their use of illicit drugs from pre-treatment to post-treatment, and these results were
maintained at follow-up. Measures of youth satisfaction with parents, parent satisfaction with youth, and overall mood of these youth demonstrated
similar improvements and closely corresponded with improvements in standardized measures of conduct and drug use. No significant differences were
found in conduct or reductions of illicit drug use between subjects in the two intervention conditions at post-treatment, or at 6-month follow-up.
Study implications are discussed in light of these results. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved).
Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse, 11(1) : 1-43
- Year: 2001
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT), Family therapy, Problem solving therapy (PST)
Waldron, Holly Barrett, Slesnick, Natasha, Brody, Janet L., Charles, W., Thomas,
R.
This randomized clinical trial evaluated individual cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), family therapy, combined individual and family
therapy, and a group intervention for 114 substance-abusing adolescents. Outcomes were percentage of days marijuana was used and percentage of youths
achieving minimal use. Each intervention demonstrated some efficacy, although differences occurred for outcome measured, speed of change, and
maintenance of change. From pretreatment to 4 months, significantly fewer days of use were found for the family therapy alone and the combined
interventions. Significantly more youths had achieved minimal use levels in the family and combined conditions and in CBT. From pretreatment to 7
months, reductions in percentage of days of use were significant for the combined and group interventions, and changes in minimal use levels were
significant for the family, combined, and group interventions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).
Journal of Consulting & Clinical
Psychology, 69(5) : 802-813
- Year: 2001
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT), Family therapy, Psychoeducation
Spoth, R. L., Redmond, C., Shin, C.
This study examined the long-term substance use outcomes of 2 brief interventions designed for general population families of young
adolescents. Thirty-three public schools were randomly assigned to 3 conditions: the 5-session Preparing for the Drug Free Years Program, the 7-
session Iowa Strengthening Families Program, and a minimal contact control condition. The pretest involved 667 6th graders and their families.
Assessments included multiple measures of initiation and current use of alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana. Pretest data were collected in the 6th grade
and the reported follow-up data were collected in the 10th grade. Significant intervention-control differences in initiation and current use were
found for both interventions. It is concluded that brief family skills-training interventions designed for general populations have the potential to
reduce adolescent substance use and thus have important public health implications.
Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 69(4) : 627-
42
- Year: 2001
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Skills training, Other Psychological Interventions
Schinke, S. P., Tepavac, L., Cole,
K. C.
This study
developed and tested skills- and community-based approaches to prevent substance abuse among Native American youth. After completing pretest
measurements, 1,396 third- through fifth-grade Native American students from 27 elementary schools in five states were divided randomly by school
into two intervention arms and one control arm. Following intervention delivery, youths in all arms completed posttest measurements and three annual
follow-up measurements. Youths in schools assigned to the intervention arms learned cognitive and behavioral skills for substance abuse prevention.
One intervention arm additionally engaged local community residents in efforts to prevent substance use among Native American youth. Outcome
assessment batteries measured youths' reported use of smoked and smokeless tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana. Over the course of the 3.5-year study,
increased rates of tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use were reported by youths across the three arms of the study. Though cigarette use was
unaffected by intervention, follow up rates of smokeless tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use were lower for youths who received skills intervention
than for youths in the control arm. Community intervention components appeared to exert no added beneficial influence on youths' substance use,
beyond the impact of skills intervention components alone. Finally, gender differences were apparent across substances, measurements, and study arms,
with girls smoking more cigarettes and boys using more smokeless tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana.
Addictive Behaviors, 25(3) : 387-97
- Year: 2000
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Skills training
Winters, Ken C., Stinchfield, Randy D., Opland, Elizabeth, Weller, Christine, Latimer, William W.
Compares drug use
outcome data at 6 and 12 mo post-treatment among 3 groups of adolescents: those who completed treatment, those who did not and those on a waiting
list. The authors also compared residential and outpatient samples on outcome among treatment completers. 245 drug clinic-referred adolescents (aged
12-18 yrs), all of whom met at least one Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-III-Revised (DSM-III-R) substance dependence disorder.
179 Ss received either complete or incomplete, Minnesota Model treatment principles combining 12-step and psychotherapy approaches). There were 66
waiting list Ss. In addition to demographics and clinical background variables the authors measures included treatment involvement, treatment setting
and drug use frequency at intake and follow-up. The results indicated that completing treatment was associated with far superior outcome compared to
those who did not complete treatment or receive any at all. Favorable treatment outcome for drug abuse was about 2 to 3 times more likely if
treatment was completed. Additionally, there were no outcome differences between residential and outpatient group. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007
APA, all rights reserved).
Addiction, 95(4) : 601-612
- Year: 2000
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions
Tobler, Nancy S., Roona, Michael R., Ochshorn, Peter, Marshall, Diana G., Streke, Andrei V., Stackpole, Kimberly M.
This paper reports on a meta-analysis of 207 universal school-based drug
prevention programs that compared the self-reported drug use of treatment to control or comparison youth. Programs are classified into Interactive
and Non-Interactive groups based on a combination of content and delivery method. Weighted categorical and weighted regression methods have been used
to determine the attributes that most effectively reduce, delay, or prevent drug use, including program size, type of control group and leader
attrition, target drug, intensity, grade, special population and level of drug use. Program type and size are found to be significant predictors of
effectiveness. Non-interactive lecture-oriented prevention programs that stress drug knowledge or affective development show small effects.
Interactive programs that foster development of interpersonal skills show significantly greater effects that decrease with large-scale
implementations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).
Journal of Primary Prevention, 20(4) : 275-
336
- Year: 2000
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement
Aseltine, Robert H., Jr., Dupre, Matthew, Lamlein, Pamela
Presents results of a 3-yr evaluation of Across Ages, an intergenerational approach to drug and alcohol prevention. The
program consists of 3 elements: (1) a mentoring program in which youths are matched with older adults who provide ongoing support and encouragement
in weekly interactions; (2) community service activities designed to promote involvement with and better understanding of the frail elderly; and (3)
a school-based life skills curriculum. Approximately 400 6th grade students took part in the evaluation over a 3 yr period. Students' classes were
randomly assigned to 1 of 3 experimental conditions: the mentor condition, the curriculum condition, and the control condition. Youths involved in
the study completed questionnaires on 3 occasions: prior to the initiation of program activities, at the conclusion of the program, and again 6 mo
following the cessation of program activities. Results indicate that mentoring is associated with lower levels of problem behavior and substance use
and higher levels of self-confidence, self-control, cooperation, and attachment to both the school and the family. Students receiving mentoring
report lower levels of alcohol use. In contrast, few positive effects of the life skills curriculum or community service activities are observed.
(PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved).
Adolescent &
Family Health, 1(1) : 11-20
- Year: 2000
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Skills training, Other Psychological Interventions
Fishbein, Martin, von
Haeften, I., Hall-Jamieson, K., Johnson, B., Ahern, R.
Rapid changes in technology make it increasingly
important to understand the impact of modes of presentation and the use of computers to obtain data. In order to begin to explore the effects of new
technologies in the domain of anti-drug public service announcements (PSAs), 154 adolescents (aged 9-17 yrs) from the Boys and Girls Clubs of
Metropolitan Philadelphia were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 series of 6 anti-drug PSAs or a series of 6 political PSAs (control). Half the Ss viewed
and evaluated the PSAs on a laptop computer, while the other half viewed the PSAs on a TV monitor and evaluated them using a paper and pencil self-
completion questionnaire. As expected, sets of anti-drug PSAs were judged to be more effective in helping people avoid drugs than the set of
political PSAs. There were, however, important differences in effectiveness as a function of gender and ethnicity. In addition, in contrast to
previous research, there were only minimal differences between the use of computer methodology and the more traditional TV and paper and pencil
methodology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved).
Psychology, Health & Medicine, 5(3) : 259-270
- Year: 2000
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Psychoeducation, Technology, comparing delivery mode (e.g. online vs. face-to-face)