Disorders - Substance Use Disorders
Smith, Edward A., Swisher, John D., Vicary, Judith R, Bechtel, Lori J., Minner, Daphne, Henry, Kimberly L., Palmer, Raymond
This study reports on findings from the first two years of a study to compare
a standard Life Skills Training (LST) program with an infused (I-LST) approach. Nine small, rural school districts were randomly assigned to LST, I-
LST, or control conditions in grade seven. The LST program significantly reduced alcohol use, binge drinking, marijuana use, and inhalant use after
one year for females, and the I-LST program significantly reduced smoking, binge drinking, and marijuana use for females. At the end of the second
year the I-LST program continued to impact female smoking, but all other results were non-significant. There were no effects on males at either time
point. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).
Journal of Alcohol & Drug Education, 48(1) : 51-
70
- Year: 2004
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Skills training
Tait, Robert J., Hulse, Gary K., Robertson, Suzanne I.
AIMS: To evaluate the effectiveness of a brief intervention enhanced by a consistent support person in facilitating attendance for substance
use treatment following a hospital alcohol or other drug (AOD) presentation. PARTICIPANTS: We recruited 127 adolescents (aged 12-19 years) from
hospital emergency departments, 57 were female. Sixty were randomly assigned to receive the intervention and 67 to receive standard hospital care.
For the purpose of comparison, normative data were also collected (at baseline) from 122 non-AOD presenting adolescents. INTERVENTION: The brief
intervention involved identifying impediments to treatment service attendance and facilitating attendance via a consistent support person. RESULTS:
At 4 months, a significantly greater proportion of the intervention group, both daily and \"occasional\" drug users, had attended treatment than the
usual care group. Regardless of attendance at the treatment service the intervention group showed a greater improvement in GHQ-12 scores than the
usual care group. Across groups, a greater proportion of those who attended treatment moved to \"safer\" drug use behaviour (non-hazardous alcohol
consumption and/or non-injecting drug use (IDU)), and showed a greater decline on a composite total drug use score. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescent
attendance for treatment can be improved by brief intervention with harmful substance use behaviours reduced for both \"occasional\" and daily users.
Improvements in psychosocial well-being is observed regardless of attendance at a treatment service.
Drug & Alcohol Dependence, 74(3) : 289-
96
- Year: 2004
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions
Stanton, B., Cole, M., Galbraith, J., Li, X., Pendleton, S., Cottrel, L., Marshall, S., et-al
Background: Although numerous
interventions have been demonstrated to reduce targeted adolescent risk behaviors for brief periods, sustained behavior changes covering multiple
risk behaviors have been elusive. Objective: To determine whether a parental monitoring intervention (Informed Parents and Children Together
[ImPACT]) with and without boosters can further reduce adolescent truancy, substance abuse, and sexual risk behaviors and can alter related
perceptions 24 months after intervention among youth who have all received an adolescent risk-reduction intervention, Focus on Kids (FOK). Design:
Randomized, controlled, 3-celled longitudinal trial. Setting: Thirty-five low-income, urban community sites. Participants: Eight hundred seventeen
African American youth aged 13 to 16 at baseline. Intervention: All youth participated in FOK, an 8-session, theory-based, small group, face-to-face
risk-reduction intervention, 496 youth and parents received the 1-session ImPACT intervention (a videotape and discussion), 238 of the ImPACT youth
also received four 90-minute FOK boosters delivered in small groups. Main Outcome Measures: Responses at baseline and 24 months after intervention to
a questionnaire assessing risk and protective behaviors and perceptions. Analyses used General Linear Modeling, intraclass correlation coefficient,
analysis of covariance, and multiple comparisons with least significant difference test adjustment. Results: After adjusting for the intraclass
correlation coefficient, 6 of 16 risk behaviors were significantly reduced (P[less-than or equal to].05) among youth receiving ImPACT compared with
youth who only received FOK (respectively, mean number of days suspended, 0.65 vs 1.17; carry a bat as a weapon, 4.1% vs 9.6%; smoked cigarettes,
12.5% vs 22.7%; used marijuana, 18.3% vs 26.8%; used other illicit drugs, 1.4% vs 5.6%; and, asked sexual partner if condom always used, 77.9% vs
64.9%). Four of the 7 theory-based subscales reflected significant protective changes among youth who received ImPACT. ImPACT did not produce any
significant adverse effects on behaviors or perceptions. Conclusion: A parent monitoring intervention can significantly broaden and sustain
protection beyond that conferred through an adolescent risk-reduction intervention.
Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 158(10) : 947-
955
- Year: 2004
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions
West, Steven L., O'Neal, Keri K.
OBJECTIVES: We provide an updated meta-analysis
on the effectiveness of Project D.A.R.E. in preventing alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug use among school-aged youths. METHODS: We used meta-
analytic techniques to create an overall effect size for D.A.R.E. outcome evaluations reported in scientific journals. RESULTS: The overall weighted
effect size for the included D.A.R.E. studies was extremely small (correlation coefficient = 0.011; Cohen d = 0.023; 95% confidence interval = -0.04,
0.08) and nonsignificant (z = 0.73, NS). CONCLUSIONS: Our study supports previous findings indicating that D.A.R.E. is ineffective.
American Journal of Public Health, 94(6) : 1027-9
- Year: 2004
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Psychoeducation, Skills training
Vaughn, Michael G., Howard, Matthew O.
Objective: A
synthesis was conducted to assess outcome findings and methodological characteristics of controlled evaluations of adolescent substance abuse
treatments. Method: Extensive computerized and manual bibliographic searches were employed to identify controlled evaluations of adolescent substance
abuse treatment. Meta-analytic techniques were utilized to gauge effect sizes across studies to determine which interventions are most effective. An
index of methodological quality was computed for each study using ratings of 13 study design factors. Interventions were classified by a combination
of their design strength, achievement of desired effect, and other evidence factors. Results: Findings indicate that multidimensional family therapy
and cognitive-behavioral group treatment received the highest level of evidentiary support. Seven other interventions showed evidence of
effectiveness as well. Conclusions: Several interventions are effective for treating adolescent substance abuse. These treatments are psycho-social
in nature, exist within a structured framework, and should be appealing to social work practitioners. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all
rights reserved) (journal abstract).
Research on Social Work Practice, 14(5) : 325-335
- Year: 2004
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any)
Kavanagh, David J., Young, Ross, White, Angela, Saunders, John B., Wallis,
Jeff, Shockley, Natalie, Jenner, Linda, et-al
Substance misuse is common in early psychosis, and impacts
negatively on outcomes. Little is known about effective interventions for this population. We report a pilot study of brief intervention for
substance misuse in early psychosis (Start Over and Survive: SOS), comparing it with Standard Care (SC). Twenty-five in-patients aged 18-35 years
with early psychosis and current misuse of non-opioid drugs were allocated randomly to conditions. Substance use and related problems were assessed
at baseline, 6 weeks and 3, 6 and 12 months. Final assessments were blind to condition. All 13 SOS participants who proceeded to motivational
interviewing reported less substance use at 6 months, compared with 58% (7/12) in SC alone. Effects were well maintained to 12 months. However, more
SOS participants lived with a relative or partner, and this also was associated with better outcomes. Engagement remained challenging: 39% (16/41)
declined participation and 38% (5/13) in SOS only received rapport building. Further research will increase sample size, and address both engagement
and potential confounds.
Drug & Alcohol Review, 23(2) : 151-
5
- Year: 2004
- Problem: Psychosis Disorders, Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Motivational interviewing, includes Motivational Enhancing Therapy
Furr-Holden, C., Ialongo, Nicholas S., Anthony, James C., Petras, Hanno, Kellam, Sheppard G.
In this randomized prevention trial, we sought to quantify the potential early impact of two
developmentally inspired universal preventive interventions on the risk of early-onset alcohol, inhalant, tobacco, and illegal drug use through early
adolescence. Participants were recruited as they entered first grade within nine schools of an urban public school system. Approximately, 80% of the
sample was followed from first to eighth grades. Two theory-based preventive interventions, (1) a family-school partnership (FSP) intervention and
(2) a classroom-centered (CC) intervention, were developed to improve early risk behaviors in primary school. Generalized estimating equations (GEE)
multivariate response profile regressions were used to estimate the relative profiles of drug involvement for intervention youths versus controls,
i.e. youth in the standard educational setting. Intervention status was not associated with risk of starting alcohol, inhalants, or marijuana use,
but assignment to the CC intervention was associated with reduced risk of starting to use other illegal drugs by early adolescence, i.e. heroin,
crack, and cocaine powder. This study adds new evidence on intervention-associated reduced risk of starting illegal drug use. (PsycINFO Database
Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved).
Drug & Alcohol Dependence, 73(2) : 149-
158
- Year: 2004
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions
Ghosh-Dastidar, Bonnie, Longshore, Douglas L., Ellickson, Phyllis L., McCaffrey, Daniel F.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of a revised state-of-the-art drug prevention program, Project ALERT, on risk
factors for drug use in mostly rural midwestern schools and communities. Fifty-five middle schools from South Dakota were randomly assigned to
treatment or control conditions. Treatment-group students received 11 lessons in Grade 7 and 3 more in Grade 8. Effects for 4276 eighth graders were
assessed 18 months after baseline. Results indicate that Project ALERT had statistically significant effects on all the targeted risk factors
associated with cigarette and marijuana use and more modest gains with the pro-alcohol risk factors. The program helped adolescents at low, moderate,
and high risk for future use, with the effect sizes typically stronger for the low- and moderate-risk groups. Thus, school-based drug prevention
programs can lower risk factors that correlate with drug use, help low- to high-risk adolescents, and be effective in diverse school
environments.
Health Education &
Behavior, 31(3) : 318-34
- Year: 2004
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Psychoeducation, Skills training
Gil, Andres G., Wagner, Eric F., Tubman, Jonathan G.
AIMS: This study presents preliminary analyses examining the effects of an alcohol and other drug use (AOD)
intervention with minority juvenile offenders. Furthermore, the study investigates the impact of cultural factors on baseline AOD use among Hispanic
and African American youth, as well as on treatment outcome. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Participants were 213 juvenile offenders referred for
treatment (mean age = 15.7 years), 97 of whom have completed treatment to date. The intervention was carried out in clinics placed within the
neighborhoods in which the participants resided. Intervention Alcohol Treatment Targeting Adolescents in Need (ATTAIN) is a controlled clinical trial
evaluating the effectiveness of a brief motivational, cognitive behavioral intervention, guided self-change (GSC). Participants are assigned randomly
to the individual format of guided self-change (I-GSC), the family involved format of guided self-Change (F-GSC), choice of one of these two, or a
waiting list control condition. Only participants involved in active intervention are included in the present report. MEASUREMENTS: Data were
collected via structured face-to-face interviews. Alcohol and marijuana use measures were collected using the Time-line Follow-back interview (TLFB).
FINDINGS: There were significant reductions in alcohol and marijuana use for all ethnic groups from baseline to post-intervention. Cultural factors
(discrimination, acculturation, ethnic pride and cultural mistrust) were associated with pre-intervention levels of alcohol and marijuana use. Among
Hispanics, pre-intervention level of substance use were higher among foreign-born than US-born youth. Analyses conducted with the US-born Hispanic
group showed that ethnic orientation and ethnic pride were associated positively with greater reductions in alcohol use. CONCLUSIONS: The
intervention provided through ATTAIN appears to be effective with a multi-ethnic population of juvenile delinquents. Cultural factors, such as ethnic
orientation and ethnic mistrust, appear to constitute amenability to treatment factors, with US-born Hispanic youth lower in acculturation responding
better to the intervention.
Addiction, 99 Suppl 2 : 140-
50
- Year: 2004
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions, Self-help
McCambridge, Jim, Strang, John
AIM: To test whether a single session of motivational interviewing
(discussing alcohol, tobacco and illicit drug use) would lead successfully to reduction in use of these drugs or in perceptions of drug-related risk
and harm among young people. DESIGN: Cluster randomized trial, allocating 200 young people in the natural groups in which they were recruited to
either motivational interviewing (n=105) or non-intervention education-as-usual control condition (n=95). SETTING: Ten further education colleges
across inner London. PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred young people (age range 16-20 years) currently using illegal drugs, with whom contact was established
through peers trained for the project. INTERVENTION: The intervention was adapted from the literature on motivational interviewing in the form of a
1-hour single-session face-to-face interview structured by a series of topics. MEASUREMENTS: Changes in self-reported cigarette, alcohol, cannabis
and other drug use and in a range of drug-specific perceptions and other indicators of risk and harm. Measurement at recruitment and follow-up
interview 3 months later. FINDINGS: A good follow-up rate (89.5%; 179 of 200) was achieved. In comparison to the control group, those randomized to
motivational interviewing reduced their of use of cigarettes, alcohol and cannabis, mainly through moderation of ongoing drug use rather than
cessation. Effect sizes were 0.37 (0.15-0.6), 0.34 (0.09-0.59) and 0.75 (0.45-1.0) for reductions in the use of cigarettes, alcohol and cannabis,
respectively. For both alcohol and cannabis, the effect was greater among heavier users of these drugs and among heavier cigarette smokers. The
reduced cannabis use effect was also greater among youth usually considered vulnerable or high-risk according to other criteria. Change was also
evident in various indicators of risk and harm, but not as widely as the changes in drug consumption. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides the first
substantial evidence of non-treatment benefit to be derived among young people involved in illegal drug use in receipt of motivational interviewing.
The targeting of multiple drug use in a generic fashion among young people has also been supported.
Addiction, 99(1) : 39-
52
- Year: 2004
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Motivational interviewing, includes Motivational Enhancing Therapy
Morral, Andrew R., McCaffrey, Daniel F., Ridgeway,
Greg
Whereas
strong efficacy research has been conducted on novel treatment approaches for adolescent substance abusers, little is known about the effectiveness
of the substance abuse treatment approaches most commonly available to youths, their families, and referring agencies. This report compares the 12-
month outcomes of adolescent probationers (N = 449) who received either Phoenix Academy, a therapeutic community for adolescents that uses a
treatment model that is widely implemented across the U.S., or an alternative probation disposition. Across many pretreatment risk factors for
relapse and recidivism, groups were well matched after case-mix adjustment. Repeated measures analyses of substance use, psychological functioning,
and crime outcomes collected 3, 6, and 12 months after the baseline interview demonstrated that Phoenix Academy treatment is associated with superior
substance use and psychological functioning outcomes over the period of observation. As one of the most rigorous evaluations of the effectiveness of
a traditional community-based adolescent drug treatment program, this study provides evidence that one such program is effective. Implications of
this finding for the dissemination of efficacious novel treatment approaches are discussed. (c) 2004 APA
Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 18(3) : 257-
68
- Year: 2004
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Other service delivery and improvement
interventions
McBride, Nyanda
This paper
provides an up-to-date systematic review of the school drug education literature (to June 2001) and identifies components that have the potential for
creating effective drug education programmes in schools. This paper is a summary of a 150-page review. The review adopts a well-defined search
methodology, specific selection criteria, and has made a series of recommendations based on the findings of past reviews and recent primary studies
that met the selection criteria. The review is inclusive of reviews and recent primary studies that involved young people in school settings that
encompassed a classroom intervention, included drug-related behavioural measures and had a positive impact on students' drug-related behaviours. The
review identifies several areas that should be the focus of future programmes. These include timing and programming issues, content and delivery
issues, teacher training, and dissemination. There is much refinement that can occur in school drug education implementation and research. The way
forward is to continue to create and test interventions that bring together all components of the development, implementation and evaluation of
school drug education that are effective in creating behaviour change, and that are practical to the school setting. [References: 26]
Health Education Research, 18(6) : 729-
42
- Year: 2003
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any)