Disorders - Substance Use Disorders
Lee, C. M., Neighbors, C., Lewis, M. A., Kaysen, D., Mittmann, A., Geisner, I. M., Atkins, D.
C., Zheng, C., Garberson, L. A., Kilmer, Jason R., Larimer, M. E.
Objective: Although recent studies have documented high-risk drinking occurring during Spring Break (SB), particularly on SB trips
with friends, published intervention studies are few. In the present study, we evaluated the efficacy of event specific prevention strategies for
reducing SB drinking among college students, compared to general prevention strategies and an assessment-only control group, as well as evaluated
inclusion of peers in interventions and mode of intervention delivery (in-person vs. web).; Method: Participants included 783 undergraduates (56.1%
women; average age = 20.5 years) intending to go on a SB trip with friends as well as to drink heavily on at least 1 day of SB. Participants
completed assessments prior to SB and were randomized to 1 of 5 intervention conditions: SB in-person Brief Alcohol Screening and Intervention for
College Students (BASICS; Dimeff, Baer, Kivlahan, & Marlatt, 1999), SB web BASICS, SB in-person BASICS with friend, SB web BASICS with friend,
general BASICS, or an attention control condition. Follow-up assessment was completed 1 week after SB.; Results: Although the SB web BASICS (with and
without friends) and general BASICS interventions were not effective at reducing SB drinking, results indicated significant intervention effects for
SB in-person BASICS in reducing SB drinking, particularly on trip days. Follow-up analyses indicated that change in descriptive norms mediated
treatment effect and reductions in drinking, whereas SB drinking intentions and positive expectancies did not.; Conclusions: Overall, results suggest
that an in-person SB-specific intervention is effective at reducing SB drinking, especially during trips. In contrast, interventions that contain
non-SB-related content, are web-based, or seek to involve friends may be less effective at reducing SB drinking.;
Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 82(2) : 189-201
- Year: 2014
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any), Alcohol
Use
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Motivational interviewing, includes Motivational Enhancing Therapy, Technology, comparing delivery mode (e.g. online vs. face-to-face)
Kellam, S. G., Wang, W., Mackenzie, A. C., Brown, C., Ompad, D. C., Or, F., Ialongo, N. S., Poduska, J. M., Windham, A.
The Good Behavior Game (GBG), a method of teacher classroom behavior management, was tested in first- and second-grade classrooms in 19
Baltimore City Public Schools beginning in the 1985-1986 school year. The intervention was directed at the classroom as a whole to socialize children
to the student role and reduce aggressive, disruptive behaviors, confirmed antecedents of a profile of externalizing problem outcomes. This article
reports on the GBG impact on the courses and interrelationships among aggressive, disruptive behavior through middle school, risky sexual behaviors,
and drug abuse and dependence disorders through ages 19-21. In five poor to lower-middle class, mainly African American urban areas, classrooms
within matched schools were assigned randomly to either the GBG intervention or the control condition. Balanced assignment of children to classrooms
was made, and teachers were randomly assigned to intervention or control. Analyses involved multilevel growth mixture modeling. By young adulthood,
significant GBG impact was found in terms of reduced high-risk sexual behaviors and drug abuse and dependence disorders among males who in first
grade and through middle school were more aggressive, disruptive. A replication with the next cohort of first-grade children with the same teachers
occurred during the following school year, but with minimal teacher mentoring and monitoring. Findings were not significant but generally in the
predicted direction. A universal classroom-based prevention intervention in first- and second-grade classrooms can reduce drug abuse and dependence
disorders and risky sexual behaviors. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).
Prevention Science, 15(Suppl 1) : S6-
S18
- Year: 2014
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions
Langford, R., Bonell, CP., Jones, HE., Pouliou, T., Murphy, SM., Waters, E., Komro, KA., Gibbs LF., Magnus, D., Campbell, R.
Background: The World Health Organization's (WHO's)
Health Promoting Schools (HPS) framework is an holistic, settings-based approach to promoting health and educational attainment in school. The
effectiveness of this approach has not been previously rigorously reviewed.Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of the Health Promoting Schools
(HPS) framework in improving the health and well-being of students and their academic achievement.Search methods: We searched the following
electronic databases in January 2011 and again in March and April 2013: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, EMBASE,
PsycINFO, CINAHL, Campbell Library, ASSIA, BiblioMap, CAB Abstracts, IBSS, Social Science Citation Index, Sociological Abstracts, TRoPHI, Global
Health Database, SIGLE, Australian Education Index, British Education Index, Education Resources Information Centre, Database of Education Research,
Dissertation Express, Index to Theses in Great Britain and Ireland, ClinicalTrials.gov, Current controlled trials, and WHO International Clinical
Trials Registry Platform. We also searched relevant websites, handsearched reference lists, and used citation tracking to identify other relevant
articles.Selection criteria: We included cluster-randomised controlled trials where randomisation took place at the level of school, district or
other geographical area. Participants were children and young people aged four to 18 years, attending schools or colleges. In this review, we define
HPS interventions as comprising the following three elements: input to the curriculum; changes to the school's ethos or environment or both; and
engagement with families or communities, or both. We compared this intervention against schools that implemented either no intervention or continued
with their usual practice, or any programme that included just one or two of the above mentioned HPS elements.Data collection and analysis: At least
two review authors identified relevant trials, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias in the trials. We grouped different types of interventions
according to the health topic targeted or the approach used, or both. Where data permitted, we performed random-effects meta-analyses to provide a
summary of results across studies.Main results: We included 67 eligible cluster trials, randomising 1443 schools or districts. This is made up of
1345 schools and 98 districts. The studies tackled a range of health issues: physical activity (4), nutrition (12), physical activity and nutrition
combined (18), bullying (7), tobacco (5), alcohol (2), sexual health (2), violence (2), mental health (2), hand-washing (2), multiple risk behaviours
(7), cycle-helmet use (1), eating disorders (1), sun protection (1), and oral health (1). The quality of evidence overall was low to moderate as
determined by the GRADE approach. 'Risk of bias' assessments identified methodological limitations, including heavy reliance on self-reported data
and high attrition rates for some studies. In addition, there was a lack of long-term follow-up data for most studies.We found positive effects for
some interventions for: body mass index (BMI), physical activity, physical fitness, fruit and vegetable intake, tobacco use, and being bullied.
Intervention effects were generally small but have the potential to produce public health benefits at the population level. We found little evidence
of effectiveness for standardised body mass index (zBMI) and no evidence of effectiveness for fat intake, alcohol use, drug use, mental health,
violence and bullying others; however, only a small number of studies focused on these latter outcomes. It was not possible to meta-analyse data on
other health outcomes due to lack of data. Few studies provided details on adverse events or outcomes related to the interventions. In addition, few
studies included any academic, attendance or school-related outcomes. We therefore cannot draw any clear conclusions as to the effectiveness of this
approach for improving academic achievement.Authors' conclusions: The resu ts of this review provide evidence for the effectiveness of some
interventions based on the HPS framework for improving certain health outcomes but not others. More well-designed research is required to establish
the effectiveness of this approach for other health topics and academic achievement.
Cochrane Database of Systematic
Reviews, (4) : CD008959
- Year: 2014
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders, Eating Disorders
(any), Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement
Mertens, J. R., Ward, C. L., Bresick, G. F., Broder,
T., Weisner, C. M.
Aims: To assess the effectiveness of brief
motivational intervention for alcohol and drug use in young adult primary care patients in a low-income population and country. Methods: A randomized
controlled trial in a public-sector clinic in Delft, a township in the Western Cape, South Africa recruited 403 patients who were randomized to
either single-session, nurse practitioner-delivered Brief Motivational Intervention plus referral list or usual care plus referral list, and followed
up at 3 months. Results: Although rates of at-risk alcohol use and drug use did not differ by treatment arm at follow-up, patients assigned to the
Brief Motivational Intervention had significantly reduced scores on ASSIST (Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test) for alcohol-
the most prevalent substance. Conclusion: Brief Motivational Intervention may be effective at reducing at-risk alcohol use in the short term among
low-income young adult primary care patients; additional research is needed to examine long-term outcomes. © The Author 2014. Medical Council on
Alcohol and Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.
Alcohol & Alcoholism, 49(4) : 430-438
- Year: 2014
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any), Alcohol
Use
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Motivational interviewing, includes Motivational Enhancing Therapy
Parsons, J. T., Lelutiu-
Weinberger, C.., Botsko, M., Golub, S. A.
Objective: Young gay and bisexual men (YGBM) are disproportionally at risk of HIV infection
due to sexual risk behaviors, which are often exacerbated by recreational drug use. However, there have been no evidence-based interventions
targeting substance-using YGBM. This study was designed to test a brief motivational interviewing (MI) intervention to reduce both risky sex and drug
use among HIV-negative YGBM.; Method: A total of 143 non-treatment-seeking YGBM (ages 18-29 years) who reported recent unprotected anal intercourse
(UAI) and recreational drug use were randomized to 4 sessions of MI or 4 sessions of content-matched education. Participants were followed every 3
months for 1 year, and behavior change was examined across conditions and time for aggregated and day-level drug use and UAI.; Results: Regardless of
condition, participants reported significant reductions in UAI and substance use over time. However, YGBM in the MI condition were 18% less likely to
use drugs and 24% less likely to engage in UAI than YGBM in the education condition.; Conclusions: The results support the utility of MI, compared
with a content-matched education condition, to significantly reduce both UAI and drug use among YGBM. Interventions may benefit from an emphasis on
substance use reductions, which might indirectly lead to less frequent UAI. Future research efforts should examine whether this type of brief MI
intervention is effective when delivered by clinic or community settings utilized by YGBM.;
Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 82(1) : 9-
18
- Year: 2014
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Motivational interviewing, includes Motivational Enhancing Therapy, Psychoeducation
Patnode, C. D., O'Connor, E., Rowland, M., Burda, B. U., Perdue, L. A., Whitlock, E. P.
Background: Drug use among youths is associated with negative health and social consequences. Even infrequent use increases the risk for
serious adverse events by increasing risk-taking behaviors in intoxicated or impaired persons.; Purpose: To systematically review the benefits and
harms of primary care-relevant interventions designed to prevent or reduce illicit drug use or the nonmedical use of prescription drugs among
youths.; Data Sources: PubMed, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials through 4 June 2013; MEDLINE through 31 August 2013;
and manual searches of reference lists and gray literature.; Study Selection: Two investigators independently reviewed 2253 abstracts and 144 full-
text articles. English-language trials of primary care-relevant behavioral interventions that reported drug use, health outcomes, or harms were
included.; Data Extraction: One investigator abstracted data from good- and fair-quality trials into prespecified evidence tables, and a second
investigator checked these data.; Data Synthesis: Six trials were included, 4 of which examined the effect of the intervention on a health or social
outcome. One trial found no effect of the intervention on marijuana-related consequences or driving under the influence of marijuana; 3 trials
generally found no reduction in depressed mood at 12 or 24 months. Four of the 5 trials assessing self-reported marijuana use found statistically
significant differences favoring the intervention group participants (such as a between-group difference of 0.10 to 0.17 use occasions in the past
month). Three trials also reported positive outcomes in nonmedical prescription drug use occasions.; Limitations: The body of evidence was small, and
there were heterogeneous measures of outcomes of limited clinical applicability. Trials primarily included adolescents with little or no substance
use.; Conclusion: Evidence is inadequate on the benefits of primary care-relevant behavioral interventions in reducing self-reported illicit and
pharmaceutical drug use among adolescents.; Primary Funding Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.;
Annals of Internal
Medicine, 160(9) : 612-620
- Year: 2014
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Universal prevention, At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any)
Magid,
V., Moreland, A. D.
A systematic review was conducted on the role of substance use initiation in subsequent use and substance-related problems among
adolescents. Specifically, we examine previous studies to identify whether age of onset predicts subsequent levels of misuse; we also posit reasons
for this association that have been suggested within the literature. In addition, the manuscript reviews literature suggesting that early onset of
substance use may serve as an outcome of more distal predictors (mediators) for substance use, as well as shows findings that early onset may be
predicted by other underlying factors. We also examine additional aspects of the relationship, including the context and characteristics of the
adolescents' first substance-using experience. Finally, we review currently available prevention programs with specific focus on prevention of early
substance use initiation and subsequent use. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).
Journal of Child
& Adolescent Substance Abuse, 23(2) : 78-86
- Year: 2014
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions
Morrison, K. L., Madden, G. J., Odum, A. L., Friedel, J. E., Twohig, M. P.
Delay discounting is one facet of impulsive decision making and involves
subjectively devaluing a delayed outcome. Steeply discounting delayed rewards is correlated with substance abuse and other problematic behaviors. To
the extent that steep delay discounting underlies these clinical disorders, it would be advantageous to find psychosocial avenues for reducing delay
discounting. Acceptance-based interventions may prove useful as they may help to decrease the distress that arises while waiting for a delayed
outcome. The current study was conducted to determine if a 60-90. minute acceptance-based training would change delay discounting rates among 30
undergraduate university students in comparison to a waitlist control. Measures given at pre- and posttraining included a hypothetical monetary delay
discounting task, the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II), and the Distress Tolerance Scale. Those assigned to the treatment group
decreased their discounting of delayed money, but not distress intolerance or psychological inflexibility when compared to the waitlist control
group. After the waiting period, the control group received the intervention. Combining all participants' pre- to posttreatment data, the
acceptance-based treatment significantly decreased discounting of monetary rewards and increased distress tolerance. The difference in AAQ-II
approached significance. Acceptance-based treatments may be a worthwhile option for decreasing delay discounting rates and, consequently, affecting
the choices that underlie addiction and other problematic behaviors. © 2014.
Behavior Therapy, 45(5) : 630-
639
- Year: 2014
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions
Moshki, M., Hassanzade, T., Taymoori, P.
Background: Drug abuse is now-a-days one of the
gravest social harms. Recent years have experienced a drastic rise in drug abuse among school and university students. Thus, the need for special
attention to the issue is deemed important. The present study was conducted with the aim of assessing the impact of life skills training on promotion
of drug abuse preventive behaviors. Methods: This field trial experimental study was conducted on 60 students of Gonabad Medical University selected
through quota random sampling and assigned randomly into two Intervention and control groups. Data were collected through a questionnaire, including
two sections of demographic information and drug abuse preventive behaviors. The questionnaire was first assessed as to its validity and reliability
and then administered both before and after educational intervention and also as a follow-up 4 years after intervention - Data were then analyzed
using t-tests and Chi-square. Results: Comparison of post-test mean scores of drug abuse preventive behaviors of both groups showed a significant
difference (P < 0.01) which remained stable 4 years after intervention. There was a significant relationship between father's educational level and
drug abuse preventive behaviors (P < 0.01). Conclusions: Life skills' training is effective in the promotion of drug abuse preventive behaviors of
university students.
International Journal of Preventive Medicine, 5(5) : 577-
583
- Year: 2014
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Skills training
Muriungi, S.
K., Ndetei, D. M.
Objective. To determine the effectiveness of psycho-education on symptom severity in depression, hopelessness, suicidality,
anxiety and risk of substance abuse among para-medical students at Kenya Medical Training College (KMTC). Methodology. A clinical trial drew
experimental (N=1 181) and control (N=1 926) groups from different KMTC campuses. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data: the
researcher-designed social demographic questionnaire was used at baseline only, while Beck's Depression Inventory, Beck's Hopelessness Scale,
Beck's Suicide Ideation Scale, Beck's Anxiety Inventory and World Health Organization alcohol, smoking and substance involvement screening test
(ASSIST) (for drug abuse) were used for baseline, mid-point and end-point assessments at 3-month intervals. The experimental group received a total
of 16 hours of structured psycho-education. All study participants gave informed consent. Results. Overall, there was no significant reduction in
symptom severity between the experimental and control groups at 3 months (p>0.05) but there was a significant difference at 6 months (p<0.05).
Conclusion. Psycho-education was effective in reducing the severity of symptoms of depression, hopelessness, suicidality, anxiety and risk of
substance abuse at 6 months.
South African Journal of Psychiatry, 19(2) : 41-
50
- Year: 2013
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders, Suicide or self-harm behaviours (excluding non-suicidal self-harm), Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Psychoeducation
Newton, A. S., Dong, K., Mabood, N., Ata, N., Ali,
S., Gokiert, R., Vandermeer, B., Tjosvold, L., Hartling, L., Wild, T. C.
Objective: Brief
intervention (BI) is recommended for use with youth who use alcohol and other drugs. Emergency departments (EDs) can provide BIs at a time directly
linked to harmful and hazardous use. The objective of this systematic review was to determine the effectiveness of ED-based BIs.; Methods: We
searched 14 electronic databases, a clinical trial registry, conference proceedings, and study references. We included randomized controlled trials
with youth 21 years or younger. Two reviewers independently selected studies and assessed methodological quality. One reviewer extracted and a second
verified data. We summarized findings qualitatively.; Results: Two trials with low risk of bias, 2 trials with unclear risk of bias, and 5 trials
with high risk of bias were included. Trials evaluated targeted BIs for alcohol-positive (n = 3) and alcohol/other drug-positive youth (n = 1) and
universal BIs for youth reporting recent alcohol (n = 4) or cannabis use (n = 1). Few differences were found in favor of ED-based BIs, and variation
in outcome measurement and poor study quality precluded firm conclusions for many comparisons. Universal and targeted BIs did not significantly
reduce alcohol use more than other care. In one targeted BI trial with high risk of bias, motivational interviewing (MI) that involved parents
reduced drinking quantity per occasion and high-volume alcohol use compared with MI that was delivered to youth only. Another trial with high risk of
bias reported an increase in abstinence and reduction in physical altercations when youth received peer-delivered universal MI for cannabis use. In 2
trials with unclear risk of bias, MI reduced drinking and driving and alcohol-related injuries after the ED visit. Computer-based MI delivered
universally in 1 trial with low risk of bias reduced alcohol-related consequences 6 months after the ED visit.; Conclusions: Clear benefits of using
ED-based BI to reduce alcohol and other drug use and associated injuries or high-risk behaviours remain inconclusive because of variation in
assessing outcomes and poor study quality.;
Pediatric Emergency Care, 29(5) : 673-684
- Year: 2013
- Problem: Substance Use Disorders (any), Alcohol
Use
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions
Melnyk, B. M., Jacobson, D., Kelly, S., Belyea, M., Shaibi, G., Small, L., O'Haver, J., Marsiglia, F. F.
Background: Although
obesity and mental health disorders are two major public health problems in adolescents that affect academic performance, few rigorously designed
experimental studies have been conducted in high schools. Purpose: The goal of the study was to test the efficacy of the COPE (Creating Opportunities
for Personal Empowerment) Healthy Lifestyles TEEN (Thinking, Emotions, Exercise, Nutrition) Program, versus an attention control program (Healthy
Teens) on: healthy lifestyle behaviors, BMI, mental health, social skills, and academic performance of high school adolescents immediately after and
at 6 months post-intervention. Design: A cluster RCT was conducted. Data were collected from January 2010 to May of 2012 and analyzed in 2012-2013.
Setting/participants: A total of 779 culturally diverse adolescents in the U.S. Southwest participated in the trial. Intervention: COPE was a
cognitive-behavioral skills-building intervention with 20 minutes of physical activity integrated into a health course, taught by teachers once a
week for 15 weeks. The attention control program was a 15-session, 15-week program that covered common health topics. Main outcome measures: Primary
outcomes assessed immediately after and 6 months post-intervention were healthy lifestyle behaviors and BMI. Secondary outcomes included mental
health, alcohol and drug use, social skills, and academic performance. Results: Post-intervention, COPE teens had a greater number of steps per day
(p=0.03) and a lower BMI (p=0.01) than did those in Healthy Teens, and higher average scores on all Social Skills Rating System subscales (p-values
<0.05). Teens in the COPE group with extremely elevated depression scores at pre-intervention had significantly lower depression scores than the
Healthy Teens group (p=0.02). Alcohol use was 12.96% in the COPE group and 19.94% in the Healthy Teens group (p=0.04). COPE teens had higher health
course grades than did control teens. At 6 months post-intervention, COPE teens had a lower mean BMI than teens in Healthy Teens (COPE=24.72, Healthy
Teens=25.05, adjusted M=-0.34, 95% CI=-0.56, -0.11). The proportion of those overweight was significantly different from pre-intervention to 6-month
follow-up (chi-square=4.69, p=0.03), with COPE decreasing the proportion of overweight teens, versus an increase in overweight in control
adolescents. There also was a trend for COPE Teens to report less alcohol use at 6 months (p=0.06). Conclusions: COPE can improve short- and more
long-term outcomes in high school teens. (copyright) 2013 American Journal of Preventive Medicine.
American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 45(4) : 407-415
- Year: 2013
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders, Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT), Physical activity, exercise