Disorders - Depressive Disorders
Parilli-Moser, I., Dominguez-Lopez, I., Trius-Soler, M., Castellvi, M., Bosch, B., Castro-Barquero, S., Estruch, R., Hurtado-Barroso, S., Lamuela-Raventos, R. M.
Background:
Peanuts are rich in bioactive compounds that may have a positive impact on memory and stress response. Objective(s): To evaluate the effect of
regular consumption of peanut products on cognitive functions and stress response in healthy young adults. Design(s): A three-arm parallel-group
randomized controlled trial was conducted in 63 healthy young adults that consumed 25 g/day of skin roasted peanuts (SRP, n = 21), 32 g/d of peanut
butter (PB, n = 23) or 32 g/d of a control butter made from peanut oil (free of phenolic compounds and fiber) (CB, n = 19) for six months. Polyphenol
intake, cognitive functions, and anxiety and depression scores were evaluated using validated tests. Fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and plasma
and fecal fatty acids were assessed by chromatographic methods. Urinary cortisol was quantified by an enzymatic method. Result(s): Comparing the two
interventions with the control, a significant reduction in anxiety scores was observed in the SRP compared to the CB group. After the intervention,
consumers of SRP and PB had an improved immediate memory (p = 0.046 and p = 0.011). Lower anxiety scores were associated with SRP and PB (p < 0.001
and p = 0.002, respectively) and lower depression scores with SRP, PB and CB (p = 0.007, p = 0.003 and p = 0.032, respectively). Memory functions and
stress response were significantly correlated with polyphenol intake, fecal SCFAs, plasma and fecal very long chain saturated fatty acids (VLCSFAs).
Conclusion(s): Regular peanut and peanut butter consumption may enhance memory function and stress response in a healthy young population. These
effects seem to be associated with the intake of peanut polyphenols, increased levels of fecal SCFAs, and unexpectedly, VLCSFAs, which were also
present in the control product. Copyright © 2021 The Author(s)
, 40(11) : 5556-5567
- Year: 2021
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Dietary advice, dietary change, Other complementary & alternative
interventions
Pang, N. T. P., Tio, V. C. S., Bhupendar-Singh, A. S., Tseu, M. W. L., Shoesmith, W. D., Abd-Rahim, M. A., Mohd-Kassim, M. A.
INTRODUCTION: COVID-19 has trickle down effects psychologically on multiple strata of society, particularly university students.
Apart from the worry of contracting or spreading COVID-19, Malaysian university students were also locked down in campuses, suffering significant
psychological distress. Hence, an online mindfulness intervention was proposed to alleviate psychological distress and improve psychological
flexibility and mindfulness. METHOD(S): The study was a quasi-experimental study, with university students as participants. Intervention group
participants were instructed to fill up online questionnaires which included basic demographics, as well as instruments assessing depression,
anxiety, stress, mindfulness, psychological flexibility and fear of COVID-19 before and after the one-hour intervention. The control group completed
pre- and postquestionnaires then subsequently crossed over to the intervention group. Repeated measures ANOVA was performed to assess time*group
effects. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION(S): 118 participants were involved in this study. There was significant difference in terms of anxiety (F(1, 116) =
34.361, p<.001, partial eta-squared = .229) and psychological flexibility between these two groups ( F(1, 116) = 11.010, p = .001, partial eta-
squared = .087), while depression, stress, mindfulness and fear of COVID-19 showed no difference. Results of this study corroborates the efficacy of
online single session mindfulness therapy as a viable short-term psychological intervention amidst financial and time constraint. As university
students are in the age group of highest incidences of depressive and anxiety disorders, it is crucial to utilize resources to address as many
students as possible to ensure maximal benefit.
, 11 :
- Year: 2021
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention, At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Mindfulness based
therapy
Ozogul,
A.
Introduction: The literature shows a high prevalence of psychopathological problems, anxiety and depression
among university students because of academic expectations, uncertain future plans, staying away from their family, economic issues and peer
relationships. Although these problems show high prevalence among university students, providing them a professional care is limited so most of
problems remain untreated. Nowadays the students use digital technologies commonly therefore web based and computer delivered interventions may be
useful for them to improve resilience and coping strategies. Objective(s): The intent of the study was to review systematically the impacts of web
based and computer delivered interventions regarding stress management among university students. Method(s): Several databases were searched with
using key words such as university students, online interventions, web based interventions and stress management. Randomised controlled studies were
reviewed. Result(s): We found 284 article with the key words. Only four of them met the including criterias. All results of reviewed articles show
that web based online interventions have an impact to reduce depression, stress and anxiety level among students. According to the results students
improved coping skills against stress after web based online sessions. Conclusion(s): The findings show that web based and computed delivered
interventions can be effective to improve resilience and reduce students' depression, anxiety and stress symptoms when compared non-interactive and
inactive controls. In addition online interventions regarding stress management may provide us to reach out large group of university students.
European Psychiatry, 64(Supplement 1) : S756-
S757
- Year: 2021
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)
Osborn, Tom L., Venturo-
Conerly, Katherine E., Arango, G., Roe, Elizabeth, Rodriguez, Micaela, Alemu, Rediet G., Gan, Jenny, Wasil, Akash R., Otieno,
Benny H., Rusch, Thomas, Ndetei, David M., Wasanga, Christine, Schleider, Jessica L., Weisz, John R.
Importance: Low-cost interventions for adolescent depression and anxiety are needed in low-resource
countries such as those in Sub-Saharan Africa. Objective: To assess whether Shamiri, a 4-week layperson-delivered group intervention that teaches
growth mindset, gratitude, and value affirmation, can alleviate depression and anxiety symptoms in symptomatic Kenyan adolescents. Design, setting,
and participants: This school-based randomized clinical trial included outcomes assessed at baseline, posttreatment, and 2-week and 7-month follow-up
from 4 secondary schools in Nairobi and Kiambu County, Kenya. Adolescents aged 13 to 18 years with elevated symptoms on standardized depression or
anxiety measures were eligible. Intent-to-treat analyses were used to analyze effects. Recruitment took place in June 2019; follow-up data were
collected in August 2019 and February 2020. Intervention: Adolescents were randomized to the Shamiri intervention or to a study skills control. All
adolescents in both conditions met in groups (mean group size, 9) for 60 minutes per week for 4 weeks. Main outcomes and measures: Primary outcomes
were depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-8 item) and anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 item) symptoms. Analyses of imputed data were
hypothesized to reveal significant reductions in depression and anxiety symptoms for adolescents assigned to Shamiri compared with those in the study
skills group. Results: Of 413 adolescents, 205 (49.6%) were randomized to Shamiri and 208 (50.4%) to study skills. The mean (SD) age was 15.5 (1.2)
years, and 268 (65.21%) were female. A total of 307 youths completed the 4-week intervention. Both Shamiri and study skills were rated highly useful
(4.8/5.0) and reduced symptoms of depression and anxiety, but analyses with imputed data revealed that youths receiving Shamiri showed greater
reductions in depressive symptoms at posttreatment (Cohen d = 0.35 [95% CI, 0.09-0.60]), 2-week follow-up (Cohen d = 0.28 [95% CI, 0.04-0.54]), and
7-month follow-up (Cohen d = 0.45 [95% CI, 0.19-0.71]) and greater reductions in anxiety symptoms at posttreatment (Cohen d = 0.37 [95% CI, 0.11-
0.63]), 2-week follow-up (Cohen d = 0.26 [95% CI, -0.01 to 0.53]), and 7-month follow-up (Cohen d = 0.44 [95% CI, 0.18-0.71]). Conclusions and
relevance: Both the Shamiri intervention and a study skills control group reduced depression and anxiety symptoms; the low-cost Shamiri intervention
had a greater effect, with effects lasting at least 7 months. If attrition is reduced and the clinical significance of outcome differences is
established, this kind of intervention may prove useful in other global settings where there are limited resources, mental illness stigma, or a
shortage of professionals and limited access to mental health care. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)
JAMA Psychiatry, 78(8) : 829-
837
- Year: 2021
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions
Orsolini, L., Pompili, S., Salvi, V., Volpe, U.
Background and Objectives: The Internet
is widely used and disseminated amongst youngsters and many web-based applications may serve to improve mental health care access, particularly in
remote and distant sites or in settings where there is a shortage of mental health practitioners. However, in recent years, specific digital
psychiatry interventions have been developed and implemented for special populations such as children and adolescents. Material(s) and Method(s):
Hereby, we describe the current state-of-the-art in the field of TMH application for young mental health, focusing on recent studies concerning
anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder and affective disorders. Result(s): After screening and selection process, a total of 56 studies focusing on
TMH applied to youth depression (n = 29), to only youth anxiety (n = 12) or mixed youth anxiety/depression (n = 7) and youth OCD (n = 8) were
selected and retrieved. Conclusion(s): Telemental Health (TMH; i.e., the use of telecommunications and information technology to provide access to
mental health assessment, diagnosis, intervention, consultation, supervision across distance) may offer an effective and efficacious tool to overcome
many of the barriers encountering in the delivery of young mental health care.
Medicina, 57(8) :
- Year: 2021
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Depressive Disorders
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Universal prevention, At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)
O’Dea, B., Subotic-Kerry,
M., King, C., Mackinnon, A. J., Achilles, M. R., Anderson, M., Parker, B., Werner-Seidler, A., Torok, M., Cockayne, N., Baker, S. T. E., Christensen,
H.
Background: Secondary schools have attempted to address gaps in help-seeking for mental health problems with little success. This trial
evaluated the effectiveness of a universal web-based service (Smooth Sailing) for improving help-seeking intentions for mental health problems and
other related outcomes among students. Method(s): A cluster randomised controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the 12-week outcomes of the Smooth
Sailing service among 1841 students from 22 secondary schools in New South Wales, Australia. Assignment was conducted at the school level. The
control condition received school-as-usual. The primary outcome was help-seeking intentions for general mental health problems at 12-weeks post-
baseline. Secondary outcomes included help-seeking behaviour, anxiety and depressive symptoms, psychological distress, psychological barriers to
help-seeking, and mental health literacy. Data were analysed using mixed linear models. This trial was registered with the Australian and New Zealand
Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12618001539224). Finding(s): At 12-weeks post-baseline, there was a marginal statistical difference in the relative
means of help-seeking intentions (effect size=0*10, 95%CI: -0*02-0*21) that favoured the intervention condition. Help-seeking from adults declined in
both conditions. There was a greater reduction in the number of students who \"needed support for their mental health but were not seeking help\" in
the intervention condition (OR: 2*08, 95%CI: 1*72-2.27, P<*0001). No other universal effects were found. Participants found the service easy to use
and understand; However, low motivation, time, forgetfulness, and lack of perceived need were barriers to use. Interpretation(s): Smooth Sailing led
to small improvements in help-seeking intentions. Refinements are needed to improve its effectiveness on other mental health outcomes and to increase
student uptake and engagement. Funding(s): HSBC and Graf Foundation. Copyright © 2021
The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific, 12 (no
pagination) :
- Year: 2021
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT), Psychoeducation, Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)
Nieto, I., Vazquez, C.
Background: Negative interpretation bias is a potential risk factor for
emotional disorders. In this study, we tested a clinically inspired 4-session online Cognitive Bias Modification-Interpretation (CBM-
IClin) program to modify negative interpretation biases. Method(s): We randomized one hundred and twenty-one volunteer young adults (Mean
age = 21.6 years, SD = 3.5; 85 % women) with varying levels of emotional distress to either an experimental or waitlist control group. Mediation
analyses were used to disentangle the associations between the intervention, changes in interpretation biases (assessed by both a self-report and an
experimental task), and changes in measures of cognitive vulnerability and symptoms of depression and anxiety. Result(s): The results showed that the
CBM-IClin could change negative interpretation biases. Also, it had a direct effect on the change in negative memory bias, an indirect
effect on the change in depression symptoms via the change in interpretation bias, and both direct and indirect effects on the change in self-
reported dysfunctional attitudes. Limitation(s): The study included a non-clinical sample of participants and it did not control for some potential
confounding factors (e.g., attentional disorders). Furthermore, participants' engagement during the sessions at home was not supervised. Conclusion
(s): The CBM-IClin is a potential tool to prevent and intervene in emotional disorders in young adults and could complement other
traditional CBM procedures or clinical interventions. Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd
, 83 (no pagination) :
- Year: 2021
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention, At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Attention/cognitive bias
modification
Moshe, I., Terhorst, Y., Philippi, P., Domhardt, M., Cuijpers, P., Cristea, I., Pulkki-Raback, L., Baumeister, H., Sander, L. B.
The high global prevalence of depression, together with the recent acceleration of
remote care owing to the COVID-19 pandemic, has prompted increased interest in the efficacy of digital interventions for the treatment of depression.
We provide a summary of the latest evidence base for digital interventions in the treatment of depression based on the largest study sample to date.
A systematic literature search identified 83 studies (N = 15,530) that randomly allocated participants to a digital intervention for depression
versus an active or inactive control condition. Overall heterogeneity was very high (I2 = 84%). Using a random-effects multilevel metaregression
model, we found a significant medium overall effect size of digital interventions compared with all control conditions (g = .52). Subgroup analyses
revealed significant differences between interventions and different control conditions (WLC: g = .70; attention: g = .36; TAU: g = .31),
significantly higher effect sizes in interventions that involved human therapeutic guidance (g = .63) compared with self-help interventions (g =
.34), and significantly lower effect sizes for effectiveness trials (g = .30) compared with efficacy trials (g = .59). We found no significant
difference in outcomes between smartphone-based apps and computer- and Internet-based interventions and no significant difference between human-
guided digital interventions and face-to-face psychotherapy for depression, although the number of studies in both comparisons was low. Findings from
the current meta-analysis provide evidence for the efficacy and effectiveness of digital interventions for the treatment of depression for a variety
of populations. However, reported effect sizes may be exaggerated because of publication bias, and compliance with digital interventions outside of
highly controlled settings remains a significant challenge. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Psychological
bulletin, 147(8) : 749-786
- Year: 2021
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention), Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)
Morikawa, A., Takayama, M., Yoshizawa, E.
Context:
Thought Field Therapy is an evidence-based method validated by 17 clinical trials, including five Randomized Controlled Trials. This study
investigates whether a single Thought Field Therapy session can improve psychological issues such as stress, depression, and performance anxiety in
university students. Method(s): Fifty university students were randomly assigned to an intervention group or a waitlist control group. The
intervention group received a single counseling session of Thought Field Therapy and was assessed by Subjective Units of Distress and Heart Rate
Variability before and after the session. The waitlist group received Thought Field Therapy and was administered the Profile of Mood States Second
Edition. All participants completed the latter after a waiting period of 1-3 weeks. Result(s): The 39 students who received Thought Field Therapy
showed significantly higher Heart Rate Variability post-compared to pre-therapy (p < .001). The 33 students who were assessed for Subjective Units of
Distress also reported significant improvements (p < .001) by a 91% reduction in distress for an average duration of 36 minutes. The Profile of Mood
States Second Edition score did not show significant improvements in the intervention group (n = 24) as compared to the control group (n = 15).
Conclusion(s): A brief intervention of Thought Field Therapy can reduce stress and psychological distress among university students, and increase
their physiological resilience in a limited timeframe, after a single session of counseling. However, the single session did not suffice to
significantly improve their psychological conditions over the long term. Copyright © 2021 The Authors
, :
- Year: 2021
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions, Acupuncture, acupressure
Moltrecht, B., Deighton, J., Patalay, P., Edbrooke-Childs, J.
Background: Research
investigating the role of emotion regulation (ER) in the development and treatment of psychopathology has increased in recent years. Evidence
suggests that an increased focus on ER in treatment can improve existing interventions. Most ER research has neglected young people, therefore the
present meta-analysis summarizes the evidence for existing psychosocial intervention and their effectiveness to improve ER in youth. A systematic
review and meta-analysis was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Twenty-one randomized-control-trials (RCTs) assessed changes in ER
following a psychological intervention in youth exhibiting various psychopathological symptoms. We found moderate effect sizes for current
interventions to decrease emotion dysregulation in youth (g = - 0.46) and small effect sizes to improve emotion regulation (g = 0.36). Significant
differences between studies including intervention components, ER measures and populations studied resulted in large heterogeneity. This is the first
meta-analysis that summarizes the effectiveness for existing interventions to improve ER in youth. The results suggest that interventions can enhance
ER in youth, and that these improvements correlate with improvements in psychopathology. More RCTs including larger sample sizes, different age
groups and psychopathologies are needed to increase our understanding of what works for who and when. Copyright © 2020, The Author(s).
European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 30(6) : 829
-848
- Year: 2021
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders, Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any)
Miklowitz, D. J., Schneck, C., Chang, K.
Objectives: There are recognizable risk factors for the onset of
bipolar disorder (BD) in children and adolescents with a family history of BD: depression, hypomania, mood instability, and anxiety. In high-risk
youth defined by these criteria, we examined whether family-focused treatment (FFT) was more effective than standard psychoeducation in reducing the
rate of mood disorder episodes and suicidal thinking/behavior over a follow-up of 1 to 4 years. Method(s): We randomly allocated 127 symptomatic
youth (mean age = 13.2 years) with either MDD or unspecified (subthreshold) bipolar disorder to: a) 12 sessions of FFT; or b) 6 sessions of standard
psychoeducation, both of which are given in 4 months. Youth in both conditions received medications for mood disorder and comorbid conditions when
clinically indicated. An independent evaluator interviewed the youth and parent(s) every 4 months for up to 48 months to measure mood disorder
symptoms, recovery/recurrence, and individual and family functioning. Result(s): Youth in FFT did not differ from those in standard psychoeducation
on time to recovery from their index symptoms. However, youth in FFT had longer periods between recovery and emergence of the next mood disorder
episode (chi2 = 5.44; p = 0.02; hazard ratio, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.48-0.92), and between randomization and next mood episode (chi2 =
4.44; p = 0.03; hazard ratio, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.35-0.97) compared to youth in standard psychoeducation. Youth in both conditions showed improvements in
symptom severity over time, although distinct course patterns were observed over 1 to 4 years of follow-up. Youth in FFT had lower levels of suicidal
thinking and behavior than youth in the comparison condition. Conclusion(s): FFT appears to be an effective early intervention for youth at high risk
for BD, especially for preventing new-onset depressive episodes. Treatment appears to be most effective when levels of family conflict are reduced.
There is considerable heterogeneity in the course of mood symptoms in high-risk youth, and treatment may need to be revisited in booster sessions to
have long-term effects. BRD, FT, P Copyright © 2021
Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 60(10
Supplement) : S262
- Year: 2021
- Problem: Bipolar Disorders, Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Family therapy, Psychoeducation
Marquez-Morales, L., El-Kassis, E. G., Cavazos-Arroyo, J., Rocha-Rocha, V., Martinez-Gutierrez, F., Perez-Armendariz,
B.
Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota has been associated with different illnesses and emotional disorders such as stress. Traditional fermented
foods that are rich in probiotics suggest modulation of dysbiosis, which protects against stress-induced disorders. The academic stress was evaluated
in medical students using the SISCO Inventory of Academic Stress before and after ingestion of an aguamiel-based beverage fermented with
Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus paracasei and Lactobacillus brevis (n = 27) and a control group (n = 18). In addition, microbial phyla in
feces were quantified by qPCR. The results showed that the consumption of 100 mL of a beverage fermented with lactic acid bacteria (3 x
108 cfu/mL) for 8 weeks significantly reduced academic stress (p = 0.001), while the control group (placebo intervention) had no
significant changes in the perception of academic stress (p = 0.607). Significant change (p = 0.001) was shown in the scores for environmental
demands, and physical and psychological factors. Consumption of the fermented beverage significantly increased the phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes
but not Gammaproteobacteria. No significant changes were found in the control group, except for a slight increase in the phylum Firmicutes. The
intake of this fermented beverage suggest a modulation of gut microbiota and possible reduction in stress-related symptoms in university students,
without changing their lifestyle or diet. Copyright © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Nutrients, 13(5) (no pagination) :
- Year: 2021
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Dietary advice, dietary change, Vitamins and supplements