Disorders - depressive disorders
Antypa, N., Smelt, A. H. M., Strengholt, A., VanDerDoes, A. J.
W.
Beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acids have been reported for several psychiatric
disorders, particularly for depression. Association studies show a relationship between omega-3 intake and depression risk. Meta-analyses of clinical
trials have shown a moderate effect of supplementation on depressive symptoms, but not on normal mood states. Few studies have investigated effects
on cognition. The purpose of this study was to examine effects of omega-3 supplements on cognition and mood of recovered depressed individuals.
Seventy-one participants were randomized to receive either omega-3 or placebo for four weeks in a randomized double-blind design. Results showed
small effects of omega-3 supplementation on aspects of emotional decision-making and on self-reported states of depression and tension. Some of the
effects were confounded by learning effects. No significant effects were observed on memory, attention, cognitive reactivity and depressive symptoms.
While inconclusive, the present findings may indicate that omega-3 supplementation has selective effects on emotional cognition and mood in recovered
depressed participants. (copyright) The Author(s) 2012.
Journal of Psychopharmacology, 26(5) : 738-
743
- Year: 2012
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Relapse prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Fish oil (Omega-3 fatty acids), Omega 3 fatty
acids (e.g. fish oil, flax oil)
Arpin-Cribbie, C., Irvine, J., Ritvo,
P.
This study assessed the effectiveness of a web-based cognitive behavioral intervention (CBT) in reducing perfectionism and
psychological distress in post-secondary students. Participants assessed as high in perfectionism (n=77) were randomized to one of three 10-week,
web-based, intervention conditions (no treatment [NT], general stress management [GSM], or CBT). Results indicated the CBT condition was effective in
reducing perfectionism, and supported a pattern of significantly greater improvement than observed in participants in the GSM or NT conditions. While
both CBT and GSM demonstrated capacities to significantly reduce distress, for CBT participants changes in perfectionism were significantly
correlated with changes in depression and anxiety. Results offer support for the effectiveness of web-based CBT in positively affecting
perfectionist-related problems. Given the considerable proportion of individuals who suffer from perfectionism-related distress, the intervention's
apparent effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and ease of dissemination warrant future replication studies.
Psychotherapy Research, 22(2) : 194-207
- Year: 2012
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT), Other Psychological Interventions, Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)
Brody, G. H., Chen, Y. F., Kogan, S. M., Yu, T., Molgaard, V. K., DiClemente, R. J., Wingood, G. M.
OBJECTIVES: The present research addressed the following important
question in pediatricmedicine: Can participation in a new family-centered preventive intervention, the Strong African American Families-Teen (SAAF-T)
program, deter conduct problems, substance use, substance use problems, and depressive symptoms among rural black adolescents across 22 months?
METHODS: Data were collected from 502 black families in rural Georgia, assigned randomly to SAAF-T or an attention control condition. The prevention
condition consisted of 5 consecutive meetings at community facilities with separate, concurrent sessions for caregivers and adolescents followed by a
caregiver-adolescent session in which families practiced skills they learned in the separate sessions. Adolescents self-reported conduct problem
behaviors, substance use, substance use problems, and depressive symptoms at ages 16 years (pretest) and 17 years 10 months (long-term assessment).
RESULTS: Adolescents who participated in SAAF-T evinced lower increases in conduct problem behavior, substance use, substance use problems, and
depressive symptom frequencies than did adolescents in the attention control condition across the 22 months between pretest and long-term assessment.
CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to demonstrate efficacy in a prevention program designed to deter conduct problems, substance use, substance use
problems, and depressive symptoms among rural black adolescents. Because SAAF-T is a manualized, structured program, it can be easily disseminated to
public health agencies, schools, churches, boys' and girls' clubs, and other community organizations. Copyright (copyright) 2012 by the American
Academy of Pediatrics.
Pediatrics, 129(1) : 108-
115
- Year: 2012
- Problem: Depressive Disorders, Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Skills training, Other Psychological Interventions
Bowden, D., Gaudry, C., An, S. C., Gruzelier, J.
This randomised trial compared the effects of Brain Wave
Vibration (BWV) training, which involves rhythmic yoga-like meditative exercises, with Iyengar yoga and Mindfulness. Iyengar provided a contrast for
the physical components and mindfulness for the mental components of BWV. 35 healthy adults completed 10 75-minute classes of BWV, Iyengar, or
Mindfulness over five weeks. Participants were assessed at pre- and postintervention for mood, sleep, mindfulness, absorption, health, memory, and
salivary cortisol. Better overall mood and vitality followed both BWV and Iyengar training, while the BWV group alone had improved depression and
sleep latency. Mindfulness produced a comparatively greater increase in absorption. All interventions improved stress and mindfulness, while no
changes occurred in health, memory, or salivary cortisol. In conclusion, increased well-being followed training in all three practices, increased
absorption was specific to Mindfulness, while BWV was unique in its benefits to depression and sleep latency, warranting further research. Copyright
(copyright) 2012 Deborah Bowden et al.
Evidence-based
Complementary & Alternative Medicine, 2012 :
- Year: 2012
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Psychological Interventions
(any), Mindfulness based
therapy, Mind-body exercises (e.g. yoga, tai chi, qigong)
Boogar, Isaac Rahimian
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of
Teasdale Cognitive Therapy on depression reduction in guidance and high school students. To do so, 60 boys and 60 girls were randomly selected from
guidance and high school students in Shahreza city. These students were randomly assigned to four experimental and four control groups. Each group
consisted of 15 subjects. Experimental groups received 10 weekly sessions of intervention but the control groups did not receive such an
intervention. Before and after intervention, all participants were interviewed by using Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders
(SCID-I) and they also completed Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). The results of analysis of covariance showed that Teasdale Cognitive Therapy
significantly reduced the depression mean scores of the experimental groups as compared to the control groups. It is concluded that Teasdale
Cognitive Therapy, as a useful method of intervention, could be applied to decrease the depression of students. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012
APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
Psychological Research, 14(2) : 25-40
- Year: 2012
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention, At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT)
Archer, J., Bower, P., Gilbody, S., Lovell, K., Richards, D., Gask, L., Dickens, C., Coventry, P.
Common mental health problems, such as
depression and anxiety, are estimated to affect up to 15% of the UK population at any one time, and health care systems worldwide need to implement
interventions to reduce the impact and burden of these conditions. Collaborative care is a complex intervention based on chronic disease management
models that may be effective in the management of these common mental health problems. To assess the effectiveness of collaborative care for patients
with depression or anxiety. We searched the following databases to February 2012: The Cochrane Collaboration Depression, Anxiety and Neurosis Group
(CCDAN) trials registers (CCDANCTR-References and CCDANCTR-Studies) which include relevant randomised controlled trials (RCTs) from MEDLINE (1950 to
present), EMBASE (1974 to present), PsycINFO (1967 to present) and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL, all years); the World
Health Organization (WHO) trials portal (ICTRP); ClinicalTrials.gov; and CINAHL (to November 2010 only). We screened the reference lists of reports
of all included studies and published systematic reviews for reports of additional studies. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of collaborative care
for participants of all ages with depression or anxiety. Two independent researchers extracted data using a standardised data extraction sheet. Two
independent researchers made 'Risk of bias' assessments using criteria from The Cochrane Collaboration. We combined continuous measures of outcome
using standardised mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We combined dichotomous measures using risk ratios (RRs) with 95%
CIs. Sensitivity analyses tested the robustness of the results. We included seventy-nine RCTs (including 90 relevant comparisons) involving 24,308
participants in the review. Studies varied in terms of risk of bias.The results of primary analyses demonstrated significantly greater improvement in
depression outcomes for adults with depression treated with the collaborative care model in the short-term (SMD -0.34, 95% CI -0.41 to -0.27; RR
1.32, 95% CI 1.22 to 1.43), medium-term (SMD -0.28, 95% CI -0.41 to -0.15; RR 1.31, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.48), and long-term (SMD -0.35, 95% CI -0.46 to
-0.24; RR 1.29, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.41). However, these significant benefits were not demonstrated into the very long-term (RR 1.12, 95% CI 0.98 to
1.27).The results also demonstrated significantly greater improvement in anxiety outcomes for adults with anxiety treated with the collaborative care
model in the short-term (SMD -0.30, 95% CI -0.44 to -0.17; RR 1.50, 95% CI 1.21 to 1.87), medium-term (SMD -0.33, 95% CI -0.47 to -0.19; RR 1.41, 95%
CI 1.18 to 1.69), and long-term (SMD -0.20, 95% CI -0.34 to -0.06; RR 1.26, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.42). No comparisons examined the effects of the
intervention on anxiety outcomes in the very long-term.There was evidence of benefit in secondary outcomes including medication use, mental health
quality of life, and patient satisfaction, although there was less evidence of benefit in physical quality of life. Collaborative care is associated
with significant improvement in depression and anxiety outcomes compared with usual care, and represents a useful addition to clinical pathways for
adult patients with depression and anxiety.
Cochrane Database of Systematic
Reviews, 10 : CD006525
- Year: 2012
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention), Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Case management, Other service delivery and improvement
interventions
Buchanan, J. L.
The National Institute of Mental Health recommends that interventions be
designed to prevent the onset of clinical depression in at-risk groups. College students are included in those groups identified as at risk. This
article reports on 16 U.S. clinical trials, conducted with samples of college-aged students between 1987 and 2011, to identify effective depression-
prevention strategies. Recommendations from the review of these studies include additional research to determine prevention strategies for the
college student population and the use of evidence-based prevention strategies in nursing practice to improve the quality of life for this at-risk
population. (copyright) 2012 Elsevier Inc.
Archives of Psychiatric
Nursing, 26(1) : 21-42
- Year: 2012
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any)
Clore, J. L., Gaynor, S. T.
It is important to evaluate not only
comprehensive treatment packages, but also specific procedures to determine their contribution to the change process. The current study examined the
efficacy of cognitive modification (CM) techniques compared to supportive therapy (ST) for university students reporting significant internalizing
distress. CM consisted of three sessions of Fluency Training (FT) to increase positive self-statements and three sessions of Thought Record (TR)
training in challenging negative thoughts. Participants (N = 57) were randomized to CM or ST and assessed at pre-, mid-, post-treatment, 1- and 3-
month follow-ups. Intent-to-treat analyses suggested that CM produced greater changes in internalizing distress and positive thinking, which was
especially apparent at midtreatment with small-to-medium differences consistently favoring CM at post-treatment and follow-up. These data suggest
that change in CM was beyond that attributable to time spent with an engaged therapist who provided a treatment rationale, subsequent intervention
and homework assignment. (copyright) 2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.
Cognitive
Therapy & Research, 36(1) : 58-71
- Year: 2012
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Supportive
therapy, Attention/cognitive bias
modification
Dias, M., Pagnin, D., de-Queiroz-Pagnin, V., Reis, R.
L., Olej, B.
To assess the effects of electroacupuncture on
stress-related symptoms-sleep disorders, anxiety, depression and burnout-in medical students, and provide data to inform a power analysis to
determinate numbers for future trials. Twenty-five students were randomly assigned to an electroacupuncture (n=12) group or control group (n=13) that
did not receive treatment. Electroacupuncture was applied at a continuous frequency 2 Hz for 20 min once a week for 8 weeks at sites on the
extremities, face, ear and scalp. The outcomes of the students treated with electroacupuncture were compared with those of the control group at the
endpoint, controlling the influence of baseline scores. The instruments used were self-administered questionnaires that comprised the validated
Portuguese version of the mini-sleep questionnaire (MSQ), the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), the Beck
depression inventory (BDI), the Beck anxiety inventory, the Maslach burnout inventory-student survey (MBI-SS), and World Health Organization quality
of life assessment - abbreviated version (WHOQOL-bref). The medical students treated with electroacupuncture showed a significant decrease compared
with the control group for MSQ scores (p=0.04) and PSQI (p=0.006). After treatment, 75% students in the electroacupuncture group presented a good
sleep quality, compared with 23.1% of the students in the control group. No significant difference on daytime sleepiness was shown by the ESS. The
electroacupuncture group showed significant improvement on depressive symptoms (BDI), the emotional exhaustion and cynicism dimensions of burnout
(MBI-SS) and physical health (WHOQOL-bref). Electroacupuncture was associated with a significant reduction of stress-related symptoms, but because of
the study design the authors cannot say what proportion of the reduction was due to needle stimulation.
Acupuncture in Medicine, 30(2) : 89-95
- Year: 2012
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Acupuncture, acupressure
Davies, C., Malik, A., Pictet, A., Blackwell, S. E., Holmes, E. A.
Spontaneous negative mental images have been extensively
researched due to the crucial role they play in conditions such as post-traumatic stress disorder. However, people can also experience spontaneous
positive mental images, and these are little understood. Positive images may play a role in promoting healthy positive mood and may be lacking in
conditions such as depression. However, they may also occur in problematic states of elevated mood, such as in bipolar disorder. Can we apply an
understanding of spontaneous imagery gained by the study of spontaneous negative images to spontaneous positive images? In an analogue of the trauma
film studies, 69 volunteers viewed an explicitly positive (rather than traumatic) film. Participants were randomly allocated post-film either to
perform a visuospatial task (the computer game 'Tetris') or to a no-task control condition. Viewing the film enhanced positive mood and immediately
post-film increased goal setting on a questionnaire measure. The film was successful in generating involuntary memories of specific scenes over the
following week. As predicted, compared with the control condition, participants in the visuospatial task condition reported significantly fewer
involuntary memories from the film in a diary over the subsequent week. Furthermore, scores on a recognition memory test at 1 week indicated an
impairment in voluntary recall of the film in the visuospatial task condition. Clinical implications regarding the modulation of positive imagery
after a positive emotional experience are discussed. Generally, boosting positive imagery may be a useful strategy for the recovery of depressed
mood. Copyright (copyright) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 19(4) : 341-351
- Year: 2012
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions
Fleming,
T., Dixon, R., Frampton, C., Merry, S.
Adolescents excluded from mainstream education have high mental health needs. The use of computerized
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (cCBT) has not been investigated with this group. To test the efficacy of the SPARX cCBT programme for symptoms of
depression among adolescents in programmes for students excluded or alienated from mainstream education. Adolescents (32; 34% Maori, 38% Pacific
Island, 56% male) aged 13-16 with Child Depression Rating Scale Revised (CDRS-R) scores indicating possible through to almost certain depressive
disorder were randomized to SPARX to be completed over the following 5 weeks (n = 20) or to waitlist control (n = 12). Assessments were at baseline,
5 weeks and 10 weeks. Those in the wait condition were invited to complete SPARX after the 5 week assessment. Most participants (n = 26, 81%)
completed at least 4 levels of SPARX and 22 (69%) completed all 7 levels. Among the 30 (94%) participants who began treatment as randomized and
provided 5-week data, significant differences were found between cCBT and wait groups on the CDRS-R (baseline to 5-week mean change -14.7 versus -
1.1, p<.001), remission (78% vs. 36%, p = .047) and on the Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale (-4.6 vs. +3.2 p = .05) but not on other self-rating
psychological functioning scales. In intent-to-treat analyses CDRS-R changes and remission remained significant. Gains were maintained at 10-week
follow-up. SPARX appears to be a promising treatment for students with symptoms of depression who are in alternative schooling programmes for those
excluded from mainstream education.
Behavioural & Cognitive
Psychotherapy, 40(5) : 529-541
- Year: 2012
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT), Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)
Forehand, R., Thigpen, J. C., Parent, J., Hardcastle, E. J., Bettis,
A., Compas, B. E.
This study examined the role of parent depressive symptoms as a
mediator of change in behaviorally observed positive and negative parenting in a preventive intervention program. The purpose of the program was to
prevent child problem behaviors in families with a parent who has current or a history of major depressive disorder. One hundred eighty parents and
one of their 9- to 15-year-old children served as participants and were randomly assigned to a family group cognitive-behavioral (FGCB) intervention
or a written information (WI) comparison condition. At two months after baseline, parents in the FGCB condition had fewer depressive symptoms than
those in the WI condition, and these symptoms served as a mediator for changes in negative, but not positive, parenting at 6 months after baseline.
The findings indicate that parent depressive symptoms are important to consider in family interventions with a parent who has current or a history of
depression. PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved.
Journal of
Family Psychology, 26(4) : 532-541
- Year: 2012
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT), Psychoeducation