Disorders - depressive disorders
Weissman, M. M., Wickramaratne, P., Pilowsky, D.J., Poh, E., Batten, L. A., Hernandez, M., Flament, M. F., Stewart, J. A., McGrath, P., Blier, P., Stewart, J.W.
Objective: Observational studies show that when a
depressed mother's symptoms remit, her children's psychiatric symptoms decrease. Using randomized treatment assignment, the authors sought to
determine the differential effects of a depressed mother's treatment on her child. Method: The study was a randomized double-blind 12-week trial of
escitalopram, bupropion, or the combination of the two in depressed mothers (N=76), with independent assessment of their children (N=135; ages 7-17
years). Results: There were no significant treatment differences in mothers' depressive symptoms or remission. Children's depressive symptoms and
functioning improved significantly among those whose mothers were in the escitalopram group (compared with those whose mothers were in the bupropion
and combination treatment groups). Only in the escitalopram group was significant improvement of mother's depression associated with improvement in
the child's symptoms. Exploratory analyses suggested that this may be due to changes in parental functioning: Mothers in the escitalopram group
reported significantly greater improvement, compared with the other groups, in their ability to listen and talk to their children,who as a group
reported that their mothers were more caring over the 12 weeks. Maternal baseline negative affectivity appeared to moderate the effect of maternal
treatment on children, although the effect was not statistically significant. Children of mothers with low negative affectivity improved in all
treatment groups. Children of mothers with high negative affectivity improved significantly only for those whose mothers were in the escitalopram
group. Conclusions: The effects of the depressed mother's improvement on her children may depend on her type of treatment. Depressed mothers with
high anxious distress and irritability may require medications that reduce these symptoms in order to show the effect of her remission on her
children. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).
The American Journal of
Psychiatry, 172(5) : 450-459
- Year: 2015
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Other service delivery and improvement
interventions
White, D. J., Cox, K. H. M., Peters, R., Pipingas, A., Scholey, A.
B.
This study
explored the effects of four-week multi-vitamin and mineral (MVM) supplementation on mood and neurocognitive function in healthy, young adults.
Fifty-eight healthy adults, 18 - 40 years of age (M= 25.82 years, SD = 4.87) participated in this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial,
in which mood and blood biomarkers were assessed at baseline and after four weeks of supplementation. Compared to placebo, MVM supplementation was
associated with significantly lowered homocysteine and increased blood B-vitamin levels (p < 0.01). MVMtreatment was also associated with
significantly improved mood, as measured by reduced scores on the \"depression-dejection\" subscale of the Profile of Mood States (p = 0.018). These
findings suggest that the four weeks of MVM supplementation may have beneficial effects on mood, underpinned by elevated B-vitamins and lowered
homocysteine in healthy young adults.
Nutrients, 7(11) : 9005-
9017
- Year: 2015
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Vitamins and supplements
Wiegand, S., Bianchi, W., Quinn, T. A., Best, M., Fotopoulos, T.
Context: During medical education, many students experience psychological distress, including symptoms
such as fatigue, stress, and depression.; Objective: To evaluate the effect of osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) on self-perceived fatigue,
stress, and depression in first-year osteopathic medical students.; Methods: This randomized controlled pilot study with repeated measures was
conducted at the Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine-Bradenton in Florida during the fall 2012 semester. First-year osteopathic medical
students voluntarily enrolled in the study and were randomly assigned to directed OMT (D-OMT), nondirected OMT (ND-OMT), or control groups. The D-OMT
and ND-OMT groups received treatment by osteopathic physicians weekly for 4 weeks. The control group received no treatment. All groups completed the
Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), the Self-Perceived Stress Scale (SPSS), and the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders Patient Health
Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) depression scale before treatment (pretest), after 2 treatments (midtest), and after 4 treatments (posttest).; Results: All
participants self-reported as white and single, with both sexes equally represented, and had an mean age of 24 years. Analysis of ESS scores revealed
a statistically significant decrease in the D-OMT group from pretest and posttest scores and a statistically significant increase in the ND-OMT group
from pretest to midtest but not from pretest to posttest scores. No statistically significant differences were noted in the control group scores on
this measure. No statistically significant differences were seen in the SPSS or PHQ-9 scores from pretest to midtest or pretest to posttest in any of
the 3 groups.; Conclusion: The D-OMT regimen used in the current study produced a statistically significant decrease in self-perceived fatigue in
first-year osteopathic medical students. Osteopathic manipulative treatment represents a potential modality to reduce self-perceived distress in
medical students. Further research is warranted.; © 2015 The American Osteopathic Association.
Journal of the American Osteopathic Association, 115(2) : 84-
93
- Year: 2015
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Other complementary & alternative
interventions
Tang, T. C., Yang, P., Yen, C. F., Liu, T. L.
In this case-control study, we aimed to
assess the intervention effects of foursession eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) on reducing the severity of disaster-related
anxiety, general anxiety, and depressive symptoms in Taiwanese adolescents who experienced Typhoon Morakot. A total of 83 adolescents with
posttraumatic stress disorder related to Typhoon Morakot, major depressive disorder, or current moderate or high suicide risk after experiencing
Typhoon Morakot were allocated to a four-session course of EMDR (N=41) or to treatment as usual (TAU; N = 42). A multivariate analysis of covariance
was performed to examine the effects of EMDR in reducing the severity of disaster-related anxiety, general anxiety, and depressive symptoms in
adolescents by using preintervention severity values as covariates. The multivariate analysis of covariance results indicated that the EMDR group
exhibited significantly lower preintervention severity values of general anxiety and depression than did the TAU group. In addition, the
preintervention severity value of disaster-related anxiety in the EMDR group was lower than that in the TAU group (p=0.05). The results of this study
support that EMDR could alleviate general anxiety and depressive symptoms and reduce disaster-related anxiety in adolescents experiencing major
traumatic disasters.
Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences, 31(7) : 363-
369
- Year: 2015
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder), At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR)
Steenbergen, L., Sellaro, R., van-Hemert, S., Bosch, J. A., Colzato, L. S.
Background: Recent insights into the role of the
human microbiota in cognitive and affective functioning have led to the hypothesis that probiotic supplementation may act as an adjuvant strategy to
ameliorate or prevent depression. Objective: Heightened cognitive reactivity to normal, transient changes in sad mood is an established marker of
vulnerability to depression and is considered an important target for interventions. The present study aimed to test if a multispecies probiotic
containing Bifidobacterium bifidum W23, Bifidobacterium lactis W52, Lactobacillus acidophilus W37, Lactobacillus brevis W63, Lactobacillus casei W56,
Lactobacillus salivarius W24, and Lactococcus lactis (W19 and W58) may reduce cognitive reactivity in non-depressed individuals. Design: In a
triple-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, pre- and post-intervention assessment design, 20 healthy participants without current mood disorder
received a 4-week probiotic food-supplement intervention with the multispecies probiotics, while 20 control participants received an inert placebo
for the same period. In the pre- and post-intervention assessment, cognitive reactivity to sad mood was assessed using the revised Leiden index of
depression sensitivity scale. Results: Compared to participants who received the placebo intervention, participants who received the 4-week
multispecies probiotics intervention showed a significantly reduced overall cognitive reactivity to sad mood, which was largely accounted for by
reduced rumination and aggressive thoughts. Conclusion: These results provide the first evidence that the intake of probiotics may help reduce
negative thoughts associated with sad mood. Probiotics supplementation warrants further research as a potential preventive strategy for depression.
(PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).
Brain, Behavior & Immunity, 48 : 258-
264
- Year: 2015
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Vitamins and supplements
O'Dea, B., Calear, A. L., Perry, Y.
Purpose of review: Depression and anxiety are prevalent among adolescents; however, many
young people do not seek help from professional services. This is due, in part, to the inadequacies of existing healthcare systems. This article aims
to review the current evidence for e-health interventions for depression and anxiety in youth, as a potential solution to the gaps in mental health
service provision. Recent findings: Five randomized controlled trials reporting on e-health interventions for youth depression or anxiety were
identified. Of these, two trials focused exclusively on anxiety symptoms, and three trials examined both anxiety and depression. The majority of
trials assessed online cognitive behavioral therapy and focused on prevention rather than treatment. In all but one trial, results demonstrated
positive effects for the e-health interventions, relative to the control. Summary: There is growing evidence for the effectiveness of online
cognitive behaviour therapy interventions for reducing the level of anxiety and depressive symptoms in adolescents aged between 12 and 18 years, when
delivered in school and clinical settings, with some level of supervision. However, there are a number of gaps in the literature. More research is
needed to strengthen the evidence base for prevention and treatment programs that are delivered via the internet, particularly for depression.
(PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).
Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 28(4) : 336-
342
- Year: 2015
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Universal prevention, At risk (indicated or selected prevention), Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)
Tandon,
S. D., Latimore, A. D., Clay, E., Mitchell, L., Tucker, M., Sonenstein, F. L.
Importance: Recent estimates indicate that 6.5 million adolescents and young adults in the United States are neither in school nor
working. These youth have significant mental health concerns that require intervention.; Objective: To determine whether a mental health
intervention, integrated into an employment training program that serves adolescents and young adults disconnected from school and work, can reduce
depressive symptoms and improve engaged coping strategies.; Design, Setting, and Participants: A quasi-experimental study was conducted; 512
adolescents and young adults newly enrolling in one employment training program site were intervention participants, while 270 youth from a second
program site were enrolled as controls. Participants were aged 16 to 23 years and not in foster care. Study recruitment took place from September 1,
2008, to May 31, 2011, with follow-up data collection occurring for 12 months after recruitment. Propensity score matching adjusted for observed
baseline differences between the intervention and control groups.; Main Outcomes and Measures: Depressive symptoms measured on a Center for
Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and engaged coping strategies.; Results: The mean age of participants was 19 years, 93.7% were African
American, and 49.4% were male. Six- and 12-month follow-up rates were 61.0% (n = 477) and 56.8% (n = 444), respectively. Males in the intervention
group with high baseline depressive symptoms exhibited a statistically significant decrease in depressive symptoms at 12 months (5.64-point reduction
in CES-D score; 95% CI, -10.30 to -0.96; P =?.02) compared with similar males in the control group. A dosage effect was observed at 12 months after
the intervention, whereby males with greater intervention exposure showed greater improvement in depressive symptoms compared with similar males with
lower intervention doses (effect on mean change in CES-D score, -3.37; 95% CI, -6.72 to -0.09; P =?.049). Males and females in the intervention group
were more likely than participants in the control group to increase their engaged coping skills, with statistically significant differences found for
males (effect on mean change in CES-D score, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.14-0.50; P =?.001) and females (effect on mean change in CES-D score, 0.19; 95% CI,
0.01-0.37; P =?.047) at 12 months.; Conclusions and Relevance: Given the growing number of adolescents and young adults using employment training
programs and the mental health needs of this population, increased efforts should be made to deliver mental health interventions in these settings
that usually focus primarily on academic and job skills. Ways to extend the effect of intervention for females and those with lower levels of
depressive symptoms should be explored.;
JAMA Psychiatry, 72(1) : 31-39
- Year: 2015
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Psychoeducation, Individual placement and support (IPS), vocational
interventions, Other service delivery and improvement
interventions
Papakostas, G. I., Ostergaard, S. D., Iovieno, N.
Objective: To review factors influencing placebo response and
clinical trial outcome in depression, and suggest ways to optimize trial success in mood disorders.; Data Sources: PubMed searches were conducted by
cross-referencing the terms depression, depressive with placebo, clinical trial, and clinical trials for studies published in English between 1970
and September 2013.; Study Selection: Relevant abstracts were identified in PubMed, including clinical trials, quantitative studies, and qualitative
research. We obtained and reviewed relevant articles and utilized their information to synthesize the present review.; Data Extraction: Included
articles were grouped in the following areas of relevance: (1) biological validity of illness, (2) baseline severity of illness, (3) chronicity of
the index episode of depression, (4) age of participants, (5) medical and psychiatric comorbidity, (6) probability of receiving placebo, (7) use of
prospective treatment phases (lead-in) (8) dosing schedule, (9) trial duration, (10) frequency of follow-up assessments, and (11) study outcome
measure.; Results: Several key elements emerge as critical to the ultimate success of a clinical trial, including the probability of receiving
placebo, study duration, dosing schedule, visit frequency, the use of blinded lead-in phases, the use of centralized raters, illness severity and
duration, and comorbid anxiety.; Conclusions: Our increasing understanding of the placebo response in clinical trials of major depressive disorder
lends to a, gradually, more predictable phenomenon and, hopefully, to one that becomes lesser in magnitude and variability. Several elements have
emerged that seem to play a critical role in trial success, gradually reshaping the design of clinical, translational, as well as mechanistic studies
in depression.; © Copyright 2015 Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc.
Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 76(4) : 456-466
- Year: 2015
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions
Pennant, M. E., Loucas, C. E., Whittington, C., Creswell, C., Fonagy,
P., Fuggle, P., Kelvin, R., Naqvi, S., Stockton, S., Kendall, T., Bevington, D., Fairburn, C., Keen, D., Lamb, S., Larsson, L., Murphy, M., Pilling, S., Pugh, K., Ringwood, S., Sealey, C., Williams, P.
One quarter of children and young people (CYP) experience anxiety and/or depression before
adulthood, but treatment is sometimes unavailable or inadequate. Self-help interventions may have a role in augmentingtreatment and this work aimed
to systematically review the evidence for computerised anxiety and depression interventions in CYP aged 5-25 years old. Databases were searched for
randomised controlled trials and 27 studies were identified. For young people (12-25 years) with risk of diagnosed anxiety disorders or depression,
computerised CBT (cCBT) had positive effects for symptoms of anxiety (SMD-0.77, 95% CI-1.45 to-0.09, k=6, N=220) and depression (SMD-0.62, 95% CI-
1.13 to-0.11, k=7, N=279). In a general population study of young people, there were small positive effects for anxiety (SMD-0.15, 95% CI-0.26 to-
0.03; N=1273) and depression (SMD-0.15, 95% CI-0.26 to-0.03; N=1280). There was uncertainty around the effectiveness of cCBT in children (5-11
years). Evidence for other computerised interventions was sparse and inconclusive. Computerised CBT has potential for treating and preventing anxiety
and depression in clinical and general populations of young people. Further program development and research is required to extend its use and
establish its benefit in children.
Behaviour Research & Therapy, 67 : 1-18
- Year: 2015
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention), Disorder established (diagnosed disorder), Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)
Rickhi, B., Kania-Richmond, A., Moritz, S., Cohen, J., Paccagnan, P., Dennis, C., Liu, M., Malhotra, S., Steele, P., Toews,
J.
Background: Depression in
adolescents and young adults is a major mental health condition that requires attention. Research suggests that approaches that include spiritual
concepts and are delivered through an online platform are a potentially beneficial approach to treating/managing depression in this population. The
purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an 8-week online spirituality informed e-mental health intervention (the LEAP Project) on
depression severity, and secondary outcomes of spiritual well-being and self-concept, in adolescents and young adults with major depressive disorder
of mild to moderate severity. Methods: A parallel group, randomized, waitlist controlled, assessor-blinded clinical pilot trial was conducted in
Calgary, Alberta, Canada. The sample of 62 participants with major depressive disorder (DSM-IV-TR) was defined by two age subgroups: adolescents
(ages 13 to 18 years; n = 31) and young adults (ages 19 to 24 years; n = 31). Participants in each age subgroup were randomized into the study arm
(intervention initiated upon enrolment) or the waitlist control arm (intervention initiated after an 8-week wait period). Comparisons were made
between the study and waitlist control arms at week 8 (the point where study arm had completed the intervention and the waitlist control arm had not)
and within each arm at four time points over 24-week follow-up period. Results: At baseline, there was no statistical difference between study and
waitlist participants for both age subgroups for all three outcomes of interest. After the intervention, depression severity was significantly
reduced; comparison across arms at week 8 and over time within each arm and both age subgroups. Spiritual well-being changes were not significant,
with the exception of an improvement over time for the younger participants in the study arm (p = 0.01 at week 16 and p = 0.0305 at week 24). Self-
concept improved significantly for younger participants immediately after the intervention (p = 0.045 comparison across arms at week 8; p = 0.0175 in
the waitlist control arm) and over time in the study arm ( p = 0.0025 at week 16). In the older participants, change was minimal, with the exception
of a significant improvement in one of six factors (vulnerability) in study arm over time (p = 0.025 at week 24). Conclusions: The results of the
LEAP Project pilot trial suggest that it is an effective, online intervention for youth ages 13 to 24 with mild to moderate major depressive disorder
with various life situations and in a limited way on spiritual well-being and self-concept. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00985686.
Registered 24 September 2009.
BMC Complementary & Alternative
Medicine, 15(1) :
- Year: 2015
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions, Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)
Porter, L. S., Porter, B. O., McCoy, V., Bango-Sanchez,
V., Kissel, B., Williams, M., Nunnewar, S.
Purpose This
study aimed to determine whether a blended Infant Massage-Parenting Enhancement Program (IMPEP) improved maternal psychosocial health outcomes
(parenting stress, depressive symptoms, self-esteem, maternal attachment) and maternal-infant interaction among substance-addicted mothers (SAMs)
actively engaged in outpatient rehabilitation. Methods Designed as a randomized, three-group controlled trial testing two levels of psychoeducational
intervention (IMPEP vs. PEP) and a control group (standard care parenting resources), the study was conducted in two substance abuse centers in
southeast Florida on a convenience sample of 138 recovering SAM-infant pairs. IMPEP or PEP classes were held weekly on Weeks 2-5, with data collected
at baseline (Week 1), Week 6, and Week 12 via structured interviews, observation (Observation Checklist on Maternal-Infant Interaction), and self-
administered questionnaires (Abidin Parenting Stress Index, Beck Depression Inventory, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Muller's Maternal Attachment
Inventory), analyzed descriptively and inferentially using Kruskall-Wallis analysis of variance and post hoc Wilcoxon rank sum and Mann-Whitney U
tests. Results Both IMPEP and PEP groups had significantly increased Parenting Stress Index scores (decreased parenting stress) and decreased Beck
Depression Inventory scores (decreased depressive symptoms) compared to controls at Week 12, whereas there were no clinically meaningful differences
among study groups in Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Muller's Maternal Attachment Inventory, or Observation Checklist on Maternal-Infant Interaction
scores. Only the IMPEP group showed significant improvements in both psychological and physical (waist-hip ratio) measures of parenting stress over
time. Conclusions The findings suggest that infant massage blended into a structured parenting program has value-added effects in decreasing
parenting stress and maternal depressive symptoms, but not on SAM's self-esteem, attachment, or maternal-infant interaction.
Asian Nursing Research, 9(4) : 318-
327
- Year: 2015
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Psychological Interventions
(any), Psychoeducation, Massage
Pedrelli, P., Borsari, B.
Almost half of college students in the US report engaging in heavy episodic drinking (HED), a behavior associated with increased risk
for physical injury, sexual and/or physical assault, driving while intoxicated, suicidal behavior and death. Many students report drinking heavily in
order to cope with aversive mood states and HED is more frequent among students with depressive symptoms. This combination of depressive symptoms and
the use of alcohol to cope with them increases risk for negative consequences and worsening long-term impairment. However, no empirically supported
treatments are available for students with depressive symptoms who report concurrent HED. To address this gap, we developed a treatment program
integrating a Brief Motivational Intervention (BMI) with an empirically supported treatment for depressive symptoms, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
(CBT). This presentation will discuss the development and current evidence of its effectiveness in an ongoing randomized controlled trial.
Participants are undergraduate students reporting mild to severe depressive symptoms and HED who are randomized to eight therapy sessions of (i) CBT
Depression or (ii) CBT-Depression + BMI. To date, 19 undergraduate college students (84% females, Age = 19.6 + 1.3) have completed the trial and an
additional 10 students are undergoing treatment. Preliminary results indicate that CBT + BMI is feasible, is associated with better alcohol outcome
than CBT alone (Cohen's d = 0.71 vs. 0.51) and with less reduction of depressive symptoms (Cohen's d = 1.30 vs. 1.51). Additionally, BMI + CBT is
associated with greater improvement in problem solving skills (Cohen's d = 0.86 vs. d = 0.18) and readiness to change (Cohen's d = 0.42 vs. d =
0.35). Increase during the course of treatment in seeking social support as a coping strategy is associated with decrease in HED (r = 0.49, p =
0.03). Decrease in drinking to cope is directly associated with a decrease in weekly drinks (r = 0.49; p = 0.04) and inversely related with coping
with an aggressive style (r = -0.71, p < 0.01). Changes in depressive symptoms and alcohol consumption were not associated with each other.
Preliminary findings suggest that an integrated intervention may be more beneficial to reduce hazardous drinking among college students with co-
occurring symptoms. Moreover, focusing on enhancing social support as well as problem solving skills and lowering aggressive coping may be mechanisms
of the observed effects.
Alcoholism:
Clinical & Experimental Research, 39 : 269A
- Year: 2015
- Problem: Depressive Disorders, Alcohol
Use
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT), Motivational interviewing, includes Motivational Enhancing Therapy