Disorders - depressive disorders
Butler, Stephen F., Budman, Simon H., Beardslee, William
Developed the self-administered videotape-based psychoeducation Family Depression Program (FDP), intended
to reduce risk in children of depressed parents and promote resiliency. The FDP consists of a videotape for the adult and for the child and a parent
manual. Participants were 74 families from outpatient mental health clinics with at least 1 depressed parent (aged 26-53 yrs) and at least 1 7-12 yr
old child. There were 94 child participants. Families were randomly assigned to receive the FDP after baseline assessment or to a wait-list control
group that received the FDP 6 wks later. Families were followed for 12 wks. Main outcome measures assessed safety, parental concerns and worry,
parental support and understanding, and family communication about depression. Results suggest the FDP is safe. Proximal risk-reduction was observed,
and it is concluded that the FDP represents a promising new approach for disseminating public health information in an era of limited medical
resources and wide availability of video technology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved).
National Academies of Practice Forum: Issues in Interdisciplinary
Care, 2(4) : 267-276
- Year: 2000
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Psychoeducation, Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)
Ambrosini, P. J.
OBJECTIVE: The review examined the historical progression and current status of
pharmacotherapy of child and adolescent major affective disorder. METHODS: A MEDLINE search was used to identify double-blind, placebo-controlled
studies of child and adolescent major depression. Only studies that used reliable diagnostic and recovery parameters were included. RESULTS: Few
well-designed studies have compared placebo and tricyclic antidepressants in the treatment of major depressive disorder in children and adolescents.
However, results consistently suggest that tricyclic antidepressants are not efficacious. Early results of double-blind placebo-controlled trials
with fluoxetine and paroxetine have shown a significant drug effect. However, the results are inconsistent, which could reflect the ways that
response to medication is defined, the ways that rating scales measure recovery, and uncertainties of dosing strategies with second-generation
antidepressants. Hypothesized reasons for the unique response pattern in youths include the changing hormonal status of children, the differential
maturation of the noradrenergic versus serotonergic neurotransmitter systems, and the possibility that a large proportion of depressed youths are in
the early stages of bipolar disorder, which is not effectively treated by these medications. CONCLUSIONS: Tricyclic antidepressants are not superior
to placebo for the treatment of child and adolescent major depressive disorder. Although two of three trials of second-generation antidepressants in
this age group have had negative results, data suggest that these drugs may be more promising. It is too early in our investigation to know whether
these agents will be effective in treating major depressive disorder in children and adolescents. [References: 48]
Psychiatric Services, 51(5) : 627-33
- Year: 2000
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Biological Interventions
(any), Antidepressants
(any)
Maneeton,
N., Srisurapanont, M.
The tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are effective for the treatment
of adult depression. However, their efficacy of these in the treatment of children and adolescents with depression is equivocal. Therefore, it is
necessary to determine the efficacy and acceptability of TCAs in the treatment of depressive disorders in children and adolescents. The databases of
MEDLINE (from 1966 to October 1999) and Controlled Clinical Trials Registered (from 1980 to October 1999) were searched for randomized-controlled
trials relevant to the use of TCAs for treating depressed children and adolescents. The reviewers also examined the reference lists of identified
papers and that of a previous meta-analysis. In each trial, both nonresponse rates and dropout rates were taken into account and extracted on an
intention-to-treat basis. The nonresponse-rate and dropout-rate odd ratios (ORs) with 95 per cent confidence intervals (95% CIs) of each trial and
the pooled non-response-rate and dropout-rate ORs (95% CIs) of all trials were computed. Nine trials included in this meta-analysis were 2
amitriptyline, 3 desipramine, 2 imipramine, and 2 nortriptyline studies. By using a fixed-effect model, the pooled nonresponse-rate OR (95% CI) and
the pooled dropout rate OR (95% CI) of antidepressant-treated group were 0.92 (0.57 to 1.47) and 2.14 (1.12 to 4.09), respectively. In summary, the
evidence so far does not support that TCAs are more effective or more acceptable than placebo in the treatment of depressive disorders in children
and adolescents. However, the studies of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and newer antidepressants for the treatment of these disorders
should be further investigated.
Journal of the Medical Association of
Thailand, 83(11) : 1367-74
- Year: 2000
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Biological Interventions
(any), Tricyclic antidepressants
Deas, Deborah, Randall, Carrie L., Roberts, James S., Anton,
Raymond F.
In order to preliminarily evaluate the efficacy, safety
and tolerability of the serotonin reuptake inhibitor, sertraline, in the treatment of adolescents with a primary depressive disorder and a comorbid
alcohol use disorder, a 12-wk, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of sertraline plus cognitive behavior group therapy was conducted. Ss were 10
outpatient treatment-seeking adolescents. Baseline assessment included the K-SADS, HAM-D, SCID, and the Time-Line Follow-Back. The HAM-D and the
Time-Line Follow-Back were performed weekly thereafter. Both groups showed a significant reduction in depression scores with an average reduction
between baseline and endpoint HAM-D score of -9.8, although there were no significant group differences. There was an overall reduction in Percent
Days Drinking (PDD) and in Drinks Per Drinking Day (DDD), however, there were no group differences. Depression responders tended to have higher
baseline PDD than non-responders and change in HAM-D scores tended to correlate with change in PDD. Our data support that sertraline is safe and well
tolerated in the treatment of adolescents with depression and alcohol dependence. Small sample size and cognitive behavior group therapy given to all
Ss may limit the lack of group differences. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2007 APA, all rights reserved).
Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical & Experimental, 15(6) : 461-
469
- Year: 2000
- Problem: Depressive Disorders, Alcohol
Use
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Biological Interventions
(any), Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT)
Peden, A. R., Hall, L. A., Rayens, M. K., Beebe, L. L.
PURPOSE: Although cognitive-behavioral interventions have
been successful in treating depression, no studies were found that focused solely on reducing negative thinking via group intervention as a means of
preventing depression in at-risk groups. The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to test the effectiveness of a cognitive-behavioral
group intervention in reducing depressive symptoms, decreasing negative thinking, and enhancing self-esteem in young women at risk for depression.
DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial with 92 college women ages 18 to 24 who were at risk for depression was conducted. METHOD: Participants were
randomly assigned to either the control or experimental group. The experimental group participated in a 6-week cognitive-behavioral group
intervention. Data on self-esteem, depressive symptoms, and negative thinking were collected via self-report questionnaires from control and
experimental groups at baseline, 1 month after the intervention, and at 6-month follow-up. Data were analyzed using mixed-model methodology and the
Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel chi-square test. FINDINGS: Compared to those in the control group, women who received the intervention had a greater decrease
in depressive symptoms and negative thinking and a greater increase in self-esteem, and these beneficial effects were maintained over 6-months.
CONCLUSIONS: The findings document the effectiveness of this cognitive-behavioral group intervention and indicate empirical support for the
beneficial effects of reducing negative thinking by the use of affirmations and thought-stopping techniques on women's mental health.
Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 32(2) : 145-
51
- Year: 2000
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT)
Thompson, E., Eggert, L., Herting, J.
This study explored the intervention
processes of an indicated prevention program for high-risk youth. It was hypothesized that intervention effects would be influenced by the direct and
mediating effects of teacher social support on both peer group support and perceived personal control. In turn, personal control was hypothesized to
mediate between teacher and peer group support, contributing to reductions in depression and suicide risk behaviors. The hypotheses were tested using
a three-wave, longitudinal design incorporating data from preintervention, 5-month follow-up, and 10-month follow-up assessments of 106 high-risk
youth divided into three comparison groups: two experimental, one control. For the two intervention groups, there were direct and/or indirect effects
of teacher and peer group support on personal control, depression, and suicide risk behaviors. The general hypothesis that personal control mediates
between support resources and reductions in depression and suicide risk behaviors received partial support across the study groups.
Suicide & Life-Threatening Behavior, 30(3) : 252-
271
- Year: 2000
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions
Wolchik, S.
A., West, S. G., Sandler, I. N., Tein, J. Y., Coatsworth, D., Lengua, L., Weiss, L., Anderson, E. R., Greene, S. M., Griffin, W.
A.
This study evaluated the efficacy of 2 theory-based preventive interventions for divorced families: a program
for mothers and a dual component mother-child program. The mother program targeted mother-child relationship quality, discipline, interparental
conflict, and the father-child relationship. The child program targeted active coping, avoidant coping, appraisals of divorce stressors, and mother-
child relationship quality. Families with a 9- to 12-year-old child (N = 240) were randomly assigned to the mother, dual-component, or self-study
program. Postintervention comparisons showed significant positive program effects of the mother program versus self-study condition on relationship
quality, discipline, attitude toward father-child contact, and adjustment problems. For several outcomes, more positive effects occurred in families
with poorer initial functioning. Program effects on externalizing problems were maintained at 6-month follow-up. A few additive effects of the dual-
component program occurred for the putative mediators; none occurred for adjustment problems.
Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 68(5) : 843-
56
- Year: 2000
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions, Self-help
Seligman, Me, Schulman, P., DeRubeis, R. J, Hollon, S. D.
A brief and inexpensive cognitive - behavioral prevention
program was given to university students at risk for depression. At risk was defined as being in the most pessimistic quarter of explanatory style.
231 students were randomized into either an 8-wk prevention workshop that met in groups of 10, once per week for 2 hr, or into an assessment-only
control group. Ss were followed for 3 yrs and the authors report the preventive effects of the workshop on depression and anxiety. First, the
workshop group had significantly fewer episodes of generalized anxiety disorder than the control group and showed a trend toward fewer major
depressive episodes. The workshop group had significantly fewer moderate depressive episodes but no fewer severe depressive episodes. Second, the
workshop group had significantly fewer depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms than the control group, as measured by self-report but not by
clinicians' ratings. Third, the workshop group had significantly greater improvements in explanatory style, hopelessness, and dysfunctional
attitudes than the control group and these were significant mediators of depressive symptom prevention in the workshop group. (PsycINFO Database
Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
Prevention &
Treatment, 2(Art 8) :
- Year: 1999
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions
Mufson, L., Weissman, M. M., Moreau, D., Garfinkel, R.
BACKGROUND: Psychotherapy is widely used for depressed adolescents, but evidence supporting its efficacy is sparse. METHODS: In a
controlled, 12-week, clinical trial of Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Depressed Adolescents (IPT-A), 48 clinic-referred adolescents (aged 12-18
years) who met the criteria for DSM-III-R major depressive disorder were randomly assigned to either weekly IPT-A or clinical monitoring. Patients
were seen biweekly by a \"blind\" independent evaluator to assess their symptoms, social functioning, and social problem-solving skills. Thirty-two
of the 48 patients completed the protocol (21 IPT-A-assigned patients and 11 patients in the control group). RESULTS: Patients who received IPT-A
reported a notably greater decrease in depressive symptoms and greater improvement in overall social functioning, functioning with friends, and
specific problem-solving skills. In the intent-to-treat sample, 18 (75%) of 24 patients who received IPT-A compared with 11 patients (46%) in the
control condition met recovery criterion (Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression score < or =6) at week 12. CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary findings
support the feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of 12 weeks of IPT-A in acutely depressed adolescents in reducing depressive symptoms and
improving social functioning and interpersonal problem-solving skills. Because it is a small sample consisting largely of Latino, low socioeconomic
status adolescents, further studies must be conducted with other adolescent populations to confirm the generalizability of the findings.
Archives of General
Psychiatry, 56(6) : 573-9
- Year: 1999
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Interpersonal therapy (IPT)
Gillham, Jane E., Reivich, Karen J.
Shows the effect of a program to prevent depression symptoms and episodes on
explanatory style. Long-term follow-up results of a school-based program designed to prevent depressive symptoms in 1995; Consequences of optimistic
versus pessimistic explanatory styles.
Psychological
Science, 10(5) : 461
- Year: 1999
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions
Clarke, G. N., Rohde, P., Lewinsohn, P. M., Hops,
H., Seeley, J. R.
OBJECTIVE: This trial examined the effects of both acute and
maintenance cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for depressed adolescents. METHOD: Adolescents with major depression or dysthymia (N = 123) were
randomly assigned to 1 of 3 eight-week acute conditions: adolescent group CBT (16 two-hour sessions); adolescent group CBT with a separate parent
group; or waitlist control. Subsequently, participants completing the acute CBT groups were randomly reassigned to 1 of 3 conditions for the 24-month
follow-up period: assessments every 4 months with booster sessions; assessments only every 4 months; or assessments only every 12 months. RESULTS:
Acute CBT groups yielded higher depression recovery rates (66.7%) than the waitlist (48.1%), and greater reduction in self-reported depression.
Outcomes for the adolescent-only and adolescent + parent conditions were not significantly different. Rates of recurrence during the 2-year follow-up
were lower than found with treated adult depression. The booster sessions did not reduce the rate of recurrence in the follow-up period but appeared
to accelerate recovery among participants who were still depressed at the end of the acute phase. CONCLUSIONS: The findings, which replicate and
expand upon a previous study, support the growing evidence that CBT is an effective intervention for adolescent depression.
Journal of the American Academy of Child &
Adolescent Psychiatry, 38(3) : 272-9
- Year: 1999
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT)
Avci, A., Diler, R. S., Kibar, M., Sezgin, F.
Purpose: In a prospective, randomized double-blind
5-week study, it was aimed to compare the efficacy of moclobemide with placebo in the treatment of young adolescents with major depressive disorder.
Methods: 9 girls and 11 boys, range 9-15 years, who fulfilled the criteria for major depressive disorder according to DSM-4 were evaluated at an
outpatient child and adolescent psychiatry clinic, and included in a double-blind study, comparing moclobemide and placebo during 5 weeks of
treatment. SPECT was used in evaluation. Children Depression Inventory (CDI), State and Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC-S, STAIC-T) were
given to the patients, and Children Depression Inventory for Parents (CDI-P) were given to the parents at the beginning and at the end of the study.
Clinical Global Impression (CGI) (Global Recovery, Severity and Adverse Effects) were recorded by the same child psychiatrists weekly. Adverse
Effects Forms were self-recorded by the children weekly. Results: At the end of the study the average score of Adverse Effects show statistically no
difference. Global recovery scores showed a statistically significant difference in favour of moclobemide group. There were reductions in anxiety and
depression scores in both groups at the end of study. In SPECT findings, regional cerebral blood flow increased significantly at anterofrontal and
left prefrontal regions at end of the study in moclobemide group. There were significant increases in right temporo-occipital and right temporal
regions in both study groups in favour of moclobemide group. Conclusion: Moclobemide was considered to be effective, tolerable and safe in young
adolescents.
Annals of Medical
Sciences, 8(1) : 31-40
- Year: 1999
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Biological Interventions
(any), Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) & ARIMAs