Disorders - depressive disorders
Craig, S. L., Leung, V. W. Y., Pascoe, R., Pang, N., Iacono, G., Austin, A., Dillon, F.
Digital mental health interventions may enable access
to care for LGBTQA+ youth and young adults that face significant threats to their wellbeing. This study describes the preliminary efficacy of AFFIRM
Online, an eight-session manualised affirmative cognitive behavioural group intervention delivered synchronously. Participants (Mage = 21.17; SD =
4.52) had a range of sexual (e.g., queer, lesbian, pansexual) and gender (e.g., non-binary, transgender, cisgender woman) iden-tities. Compared to a
waitlist control (n = 50), AFFIRM Online participants (n = 46) experienced significantly reduced depression (b = -5.30, p = 0.005, d = 0.60) and
improved appraisal of stress as a challenge (b = 0.51, p = 0.005, d = 0.60) and having the resources to meet those challenges (b = 0.27, p = 0.059, d
= 0.39) as well active coping (b = 0.36, p = 0.012, d = 0.54), emotional support (b = 0.38, p = 0.017, d = 0.51), instrumental support (b = 0.58, p <
0.001, d = 0.77), positive framing (b = 0.34, p = 0.046, d = 0.42), and planning (b = 0.41, p = 0.024, d = 0.49). Participants reported high
acceptability. This study highlights the potential of digital interventions to impact LGBTQA+ youth mental health and explores the feasibility of
digital mental health to support access and engagement of youth with a range of identities and needs (e.g., pandemic, lack of transportation, rural
locations). Findings have implications for the design and delivery of digital interventions for marginalised youth and young adults. Copyright © 2021
by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
International Journal of Environmental Research and
Public Health, 18(4) : 1-18
- Year: 2021
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention, At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT), Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)
Courtney, D., Cheung, A., Strauss, J., Battaglia, M., Henderson, J., Bennett, K., Mitchell, R., Wang, K., Wang, W., Szatmari, P.
Objectives: Current treatment approaches for MDD in adolescents (MDD-A) have limited benefit. To explore the role of comprehensive care,
our group created a care pathway for the treatment of MDD-A in collaboration with youth and clinicians with reference to recommendations from a
high-quality clinical practice guideline. The pathway is called CARIBOU-1, which involves assessment, education, therapy, caregiver support,
medications, and measurement-based care over 20 weeks. This pilot study's aim was to assess the feasibility of a larger clinical trial of the
CARIBOU-1 pathway relative to treatment as usual (TAU). Method(s): Participants were adolescents (ages 14-18 years) with MDD, recruited from academic
outpatient clinics. Allocation to CARIBOU-1 or TAU was by site of presentation. Feasibility outcomes of interest included recruitment rates,
clinician fidelity to the pathway, data completion efficiency for the primary clinical outcome (Childhood Depression Rating Scale-Revised [CDRS-R];
completed at baseline and every 4 weeks over a 20-week span) and retention rates. Clinical outcomes were also described using linear mixed-effects
modeling adjusted for baseline scores. Result(s): A total of 66 youth participants were recruited into the trial over 15 months: 35 into CARIBOU-1
and 31 into TAU. Clinicians demonstrated good fidelity to the pathway; 88% on a checklist developed a priori. Data collection efficiency was 78% with
respect to ideal CDRS-R data collection points. The vast majority of participants (83%) completed the CDRS-R at the 20-week endpoint. Both groups
showed improvement in depressive symptoms on the CDRS-R over time (beta = -2.08; 95% CI, -3.54 to -0.62; p = 0.005); however, the treatment x time
interaction term was not significant (p = 0.99), indicating that both groups improved at the same rate. This finding is confounded because
participants in the CARIBOU-1 arm reported significantly greater severity in depression relative to participants in the TAU arm (z = 2.44; p =
0.015). Conclusion(s): Our results show good feasibility of conducting a definitive cluster controlled trial of the CARIBOU-1 pathway. Randomization
in the definitive trial will be important to account for baseline differences between groups and potential bias due to referral patterns. Larger
sample sizes will also be needed to ensure adequate power to detect group differences. DDD, ADOL, TREAT Copyright © 2021
Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 60(10Suppl) : S179-
S180
- Year: 2021
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Biological Interventions
(any), Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Other service delivery and improvement
interventions
Correll, C. U., Cortese, S., Croatto, G., Monaco, F., Krinitski, D., Arrondo, G., Ostinelli, E., Zangani, C., Fornaro, M., Estrade, A., Fusar-Poli, P., Carvalho, A. F., Solmi, M.
Top-tier evidence on the safety/tolerability
of 80 medications in children/adolescents with mental disorders has recently been reviewed in this jour-nal. To guide clinical practice, such data
must be combined with evidence on efficacy and acceptability. Besides medications, psychosocial inter-ventions and brain stimulation techniques are
treatment options for children/adolescents with mental disorders. For this umbrella review, we systematically searched network meta-analyses (NMAs)
and meta-analyses (MAs) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating 48 medications, 20 psychosocial interventions, and four brain stimulation
techniques in children/adolescents with 52 different mental disorders or groups of mental disorders, reporting on 20 different efficacy/acceptability
outcomes. Co-primary outcomes were disease-specific symptom reduction and all-cause discontinuation (\"acceptability\"). We included 14 NMAs and 90
MAs, reporting on 15 mental disorders or groups of mental disorders. Overall, 21 medications outperformed placebo regarding the co-primary outcomes,
and three psychosocial interventions did so (while seven outperformed waiting list/no treatment). Based on the meta-analytic evidence, the most
convincing efficacy profile emerged for amphetamines, methylphenidate and, to a smaller extent, behavioral therapy in attention-deficit/hyperactivity
disorder; aripiprazole, risperidone and several psychosocial interventions in autism; risperidone and behavioral interventions in disruptive behavior
disorders; several antipsychotics in schizophrenia spectrum disorders; fluoxetine, the combination of fluoxetine and cognitive behavioral therapy
(CBT), and interpersonal therapy in depression; aripiprazole in mania; fluoxetine and group CBT in anxiety disorders; fluoxetine/selective serotonin
reuptake inhibitors, CBT, and behavioral therapy with exposure and response prevention in obsessive-compulsive disorder; CBT in post-traumatic stress
disorder; imipramine and alarm behavioral intervention in enuresis; behavioral therapy in encopresis; and family therapy in anorexia nervosa. Results
from this umbrella review of interventions for mental disorders in children/adolescents provide evidence-based information for clinical decision
making.Copyright © 2021 World Psychiatric Association
World Psychiatry, 20(2) : 244-
275
- Year: 2021
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Bipolar Disorders, Depressive Disorders, Anorexia Nervosa, Psychosis Disorders, Suicide or self-harm behaviours (excluding non-suicidal self-harm)
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Biological Interventions
(any), Psychological Interventions
(any)
Chung, J.
O., Li, W. H., Ho, K., Lam, K. K., Cheung, A. T., Ho, L. L., Lin, J. J., Lopez, V.
There is growing concern about mental health problems among juveniles. Evidence shows that adventure-based training can reduce
depressive symptoms in school children. However, a rigorous empirical investigation of the effectiveness of such training in enhancing resilience
among juveniles has not yet been performed. In this study, a randomized controlled trial was conducted to examine the effectiveness of adventure-
based training in enhancing resilience and self-esteem and reducing depressive symptoms among juveniles. Secondary school students from grades 7 to 9
(aged 12-16 years) who attended the Integrated Children and Youth Services Centre in a large public housing estate in Hong Kong from December 20,
2018 to November 25, 2019 were invited to participate in this study. We randomly assigned 228 eligible adolescents to an experimental group (n = 115)
that received a 2-day/1-night adventure-based training or a placebo control group (n = 113) that received 2 days of leisure activities organized by
the Integrated Children and Youth Services Centre. Data were collected at baseline and 3 and 6 months after the corresponding interventions. The
primary outcome was resilience at 6 months. The secondary outcomes were depressive symptoms and self-esteem at 6 months. Compared with the placebo
control group, the experimental group showed significantly higher resilience (p = 0.001) and fewer depressive symptoms (p = 0.02) at 6 months, and
significantly higher self-esteem at 3 months (p = 0.04), but not at 6 months (p = 0.12). However, the generalizability of the findings is limited as
we used a convenience sample. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)
Research in Nursing & Health, 44(3) : 438-448
- Year: 2021
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention, At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Psychological Interventions
(any), Psychoeducation, Physical activity, exercise
Bruhns, A., Ludtke, T., Moritz, S., Bucker, L.,
Background: Depressive symptoms
are one of the most common and ever-increasing mental health problems among students worldwide. Conventional treatment options, particularly
psychotherapy, do not reach all students in need of help. Internet- and mobile-based interventions are promising alternatives for narrowing the
treatment gap.\rObjective: In the framework of a randomized controlled trial, we aim to investigate the effectiveness, acceptance, and side effects
of a self-help smartphone app (MCT & More) based on cognitive behavioral therapy, mindfulness, acceptance and commitment therapy, and metacognitive
training in a sample of students with self-reported depressive symptoms. Furthermore, we were interested in examining the influence of treatment
expectations and attitudes toward internet- and mobile-based interventions on treatment adherence and effectiveness.\rMethods: A total of 400
students were recruited via open access websites and randomized to either the intervention group (n=200), who received access to the self-help
smartphone app MCT & More for a period of 4 weeks, or to a wait-list control group (n=200). The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (depression) served as
the primary outcome parameter, and the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (self-esteem) and the global item of the World Health Organization Quality of
Life-abbreviated version (quality of life) served as the secondary outcome parameters. The Attitudes Towards Psychological Online Interventions was
used to measure attitudes toward internet- and mobile-based interventions. Outcome expectations were assessed using the Patient Questionnaire on
Therapy Expectation and Evaluation, and side effects were assessed using the Inventory for Assessing Negative Effects of Psychotherapy. Results:
Per-protocol (PP), complete-case, and intention-to-treat analyses showed a significantly higher reduction in depressive symptoms (PP: F1,222=3.98;
P=.047; d=0.26) and a significantly higher increase in self-esteem (PP: F1,220=8.79; P=.003; d=0.40) in the intervention group than in the wait-list
control group. Most participants regularly used the self-help smartphone app (91/120, 75.8%, at least once a week). The more positive the attitude
toward internet- and mobile-based interventions (r=0.260; P=.004) and the more positive the outcome expectation (r=0.236; P=.009), the more
frequently the self-help smartphone app was used. Conclusions: The effectiveness of the self-help smartphone app MCT & More was demonstrated among
students with depressive symptoms compared with a wait-list control group. The app could be offered regularly as a low-threshold intervention to
enhance students' health. Trial Registration: German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00020941; https://tinyurl.com/pr84w6er\r(JMIR Mhealth Uhealth
2021;9(7):e26498) doi: 10.2196/26498
JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 9(7) : 1-
19
- Year: 2021
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT), Other Psychological Interventions, Mindfulness based
therapy, Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)
Brent, D. A.
Objectives: To report on the 32-week outcome of the
Brief Behavioral Therapy (BBT) for Pediatric Anxiety and Depression in Primary Care clinical trial. Method(s): A total of 185 youths aged 8 to 17
years with anxiety and/or depression identified through 9 pediatric primary care (PPC) settings in San Diego and Pittsburgh were randomized to
receive Assisted Referral to Care (ARC) or up to 12 sessions of BBT over 16 weeks. The primary outcome was clinical response across anxiety and
depression, defined as a Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement Score of <=2. Secondary outcomes included interview-rated functioning, depression,
and anxiety. Here, we report on outcomes at 32 weeks after randomization. All analyses with primary outcomes are corrected for multiple comparisons
using the false discovery rate procedure. Result(s): At 32 weeks, BBT was superior to ARC with respect to response (67.5% versus 43.1%, q = 0.03,
number needed to treat [NNT] = 5) and functioning (d = 0.49, q = 0.04). BBT was superior to ARC with respect to its impact on anxiety (f = 0.21) but
not depressive symptoms (f = 0.05). These findings persisted after controlling for the number of sessions received. Ethnicity moderated the impact of
BBT on outcome (NNT for Hispanic youths = 2), because of a much lower response rate to ARC in Hispanic than in non-Hispanic youths (16.7% versus
49.2%, p = 0.04). Conclusion(s): BBT is a promising intervention that can be effectively delivered in PPC and may be particularly effective for
Hispanic patients. Further work is indicated to improve its impact on depressive symptoms and to test BBT against other treatments delivered in
pediatric primary care. AD, DDD, TREAT Copyright © 2021
Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 60(10
Supplement) : S117
- Year: 2021
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention), Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT), Other Psychological Interventions, Other service delivery and improvement
interventions
Belski, N., Abdul-Rahman, Z., Youn,
E., Balasundaram, V., Diep, D.
Background:
Depression and anxiety disorders are considered to be among the greatest burdens of disease in children and adolescents. Recent literature has
reported music therapy to be a safe and potentially effective intervention for the treatment of depression and anxiety. This systematic review
examined the effectiveness of music therapy in reducing the symptom severity of depression and/or anxiety among children and adolescents. Method(s):
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were obtained from a systematic search of nine major English databases from inception to January 2021. Studies
were categorized by outcome, music therapy technique and follow-up period. Result(s): Seven RCTs (n = 589) were included. Four RCTs had some concern
of bias, while three had high risk of bias. Statistical pooling was not appropriate due to clinical heterogeneity. Four studies (n = 428) favoured
music therapy for improvement of depressive symptoms at short- and intermediate-term follow-ups compared to control. One study (n = 106) favoured
music therapy for improvement of anxiety symptoms at short-term follow-up compared to control. No studies favoured any control over music therapy for
symptom improvement of depression and/or anxiety. Conclusion(s): Limited evidence suggests music therapy is an effective treatment for improving
depression and/or anxiety symptom severity in children and adolescents. More high-quality RCTs are needed to address methodological flaws of current
studies. Copyright © 2021 Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health
Child and Adolescent Mental
Health., :
- Year: 2021
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Universal prevention, At risk (indicated or selected prevention), Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Creative expression: music, dance, drama, art
Armas-Castaneda, G., Ricardo-Garcell, J. Reyes, J.
V., Heinze, G., Salin, R. J., Gonzalez, J. J.
Introduction: Depression is one of the leading causes of disability in the world, and a disease
that contributes greatly to the global burden of disease. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has proven to be a well-tolerated,
effective treatment for depression. The present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of an rTMS treatment scheme with a fewer number of
sessions per week. Methods: In total 91 adult university students with major depressive disorder (MDD). This was a double-blind, randomized clinical
trial in which 15 sessions of rTMS were given to each one of two treatment groups made up of adults with active MDD. One treatment group received two
sessions per week, the other received five. The study protocol included their respective sham rTMS groups. The patients who received active rTMS also
participated in a follow-up procedure that consisted of two sessions of active rTMS per month for three more months. Results: Measurements by the
Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD) showed that the groups which received active rTMS had higher percentages of antidepressant response at 96
and 95.5% for five and two sessions/week, respectively, compared to the sham rTMS groups: 27.3 and 4.5% for five and two sessions/week, respectively.
Observations at the end of the 3-month follow-up phase showed that the improvements in HAMD scores were maintained in both groups. Conclusion: This
study contributes to demonstrating that rTMS with a more practical schedule of two sessions/week is an effective antidepressant treatment that could
be considered the first choice for managing symptoms of depression. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)
, 32(17) : 1364-1369
- Year: 2021
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Biological Interventions
(any), Transcranial magnetic stimulation
(TMS), Service Delivery & Improvement, Other service delivery and improvement
interventions
Al-Refae, M., Al-Refae, A., Munroe, M., Sardella, N. A., Ferrari, M.
Introduction: Many individuals and families are currently
experiencing a high level of COVID-19-related stress and are struggling to find helpful coping mechanisms. Mindfulness-based interventions are
becoming an increasingly popular treatment for individuals experiencing depression and chronic levels of stress. The app (Serene) draws from
scholarly evidence on the efficacy of mindfulness meditations and builds on the pre-existing apps by incorporating techniques that are used in some
therapies such as cognitive behavioral therapy and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. Methods: Participants were randomly assigned to a 4-week
mindfulness and self-compassion-based cognitive smartphone intervention (Serene) or a wait-list control group. They were instructed to engage in
self-compassion andmindfulness practices and a cognitive restructuring task. They also completed measures that evaluated their levels of depression,
stress, anxiety, self-compassion, wisdom, psychological well-being, and subjective well-being. The intervention group was also instructed to track
their weekly engagement with the app. Standardized effect sizes for between-group differences were calculated using Cohen's d for complete case
analyses. Results: Complete case analyses from baseline to the end of this randomized controlled trial demonstrated significant moderate between-
group differences for depressive symptoms (d =
, 12 : ArtID 648087
- Year: 2021
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention, At risk (indicated or selected prevention), Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Mindfulness based
therapy, Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)
Wolff, J., Esposito-Smythers, C., Frazier, E., Stout, R., Gomez, J., Massing-Schaffer, M., Nestor, B., Cheek, S., Graves, H., Yen, S., Hunt, J., Spirito, A.
The current study conducted a preliminary test of whether community mental health clinic staff
could implement a multicomponent cognitive behavioral treatment, developed for adolescents with substance misuse (alcohol and/or marijuana) and
comorbid psychiatric symptoms. We randomized a total of 111 families, with an adolescent 12-18 years old, referred to a home-based services program
for youth with co-occurring substance use and mental health problems, to receive treatment from either masters-level therapists who received
intensive cognitive behavioral therapy (I-CBT) training or from masters-level therapists who took part in a typical brief continuing education-style
CBT workshop (treatment as usual, or TAU). Each family's therapist and insurance company determined the frequency and intensity of treatment. We
administered follow-up assessments at 3, 6, and 12 months. There was a small, but not statistically significant, reduction in the percent days of
heavy drinking and marijuana use over time for both conditions, with the overall effect across the three follow-up points favoring the I-CBT
condition. There were no differences on alcohol use days or other drug use. There was also a small, but nonsignificant, positive effect over time on
externalizing symptoms, depressed mood, and anxiety, favoring the I-CBT condition. Youth in the I-CBT condition relative to TAU had significantly
fewer juvenile justice contacts, while the pattern of costly service use varied, with higher rates at 6-month and lower rates at 12-month follow-ups.
If therapists pay greater attention to parent training and provide more parent-adolescent communication sessions, outcomes may improve above standard
community care. Training enhancements, to better meet the needs of community therapists and their clinic settings, may also produce better overall
results for parents and adolescents. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment Vol 116 2020, ArtID
108055, 116 :
- Year: 2020
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders, Alcohol
Use, Cannabis Use
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder), At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT), Other service delivery and improvement
interventions
Wegner, M., Amatriain-Fernandez, S., Kaulitzky, A., Murillo-Rodriguez, E., Machado, S., Budde, H.
Background: Depression is a common threat to children and adolescents in terms of\raffecting
psychosocial development and increasing their risk of suicide. Apart from\rconventional treatments for depression, physical exercise has become a
promising\ralternative. This paper aims to systematically review the existing meta-analyses that\rfocus on the impact of physical exercise on
clinical and nonclinical depression in children\rand adolescents.\rMethods: A systematic literature search was conducted using PsycINFO,
\rPsycARTICLES, MedLine, PubMed, and hand searching. Risk of bias analysis, effect\rsizes calculations, and evaluation of the methodological
characteristics (AMSTAR 2) were\rcarried out.\rResults: Four meta-analyses met the inclusion criteria. After analysing the overlap, the\rtotal sample
contained 30 single studies (mostly including gender mixed samples) and\r2,110 participants (age range 5 - 20 years). The medium duration of the
interventions was\r11.5 weeks. The sessions had a medium length of 41 min, and the frequency of\rimplementation was three sessions per week. The most
implemented intervention type\rwas aerobic exercise, while control groups mainly continued with their regular routine,\ramong other related options.
The overall mean effect of physical exercise on depression\rwas medium (d =
Frontiers in Psychiatry Vol 11 2020, ArtID
81, 11 :
- Year: 2020
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Universal prevention, At risk (indicated or selected prevention), Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Physical activity, exercise
Taghvaienia, A., Zonobitabar, A.
Background: Positive intervention (PI) is a modern and therapeutic approach broadly based on the principles of positive
psychology (Rashid in J Posit Psychol 1:25 - 40, 2014). PI effects at schools have received little attention to date. However, since PI offers a
focus on the positive aspects of human experience (Seligman and Csikszentmihalyi in Am Psychol 55:5 - 14, 2000), we hypothesized that it could exert
positive changes in the teacher-student relationship (TSR) and depression symptoms. Therefore, the mentioned pilot study conducted in this article
aimed at evaluating PI effects on depression and TSR among Iranian high school girl students with moderate/mild depression. Method: In this research,
60 eligible female students (aged 15 - 18) with a Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) mildmoderate depression diagnosis, were randomly divided into
PI (n = 30) and control groups (n = 30) at the time of entering the study and 2 months later following their assessments through the Inventory of TSR
(IT-SR) and BDI-II. The intervention group participated in 8-week 2 h group sessions of PI and the control group was evaluated without any
intervention. Results: The study was completed with a total number of 49 girls [PI group (n = 24), and control group (n = 25)] and everybody
participate in 8 sessions. The intervention group was effective on the variables of BDI-II and IT-SR in a way that the involved girls increased their
communication (p = 0.001, d = 0.17), trust (p = 0.001 d = 0.14) after PI training and decreased alienation (p = 0.012, d = 0.11) and depression (p =
0.001, d = 0.15) among other high school students. Conclusion: This intervention could function as an unspecific component of a stepped care approach
for teenage girls suffering from depression. This study recommends more RCT with large sample sizes among high school boys students and follow-
up.
Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 14 : ArtID
25
- Year: 2020
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Positive
psychology