Disorders - depressive disorders
Dardas, L. A., van-de-Water,
B., Simmons, L. A.
Despite the widespread research recommendations for psychiatric nurses and other mental health professionals to
include parents in adolescent depression treatment, no systematic reviews have yet synthesized the findings from intervention studies that included
parents in the treatment and/or prevention of adolescent depression. Therefore, this systematic review was conducted to (i) identify and describe
clinical trials that included parents as an integral component of adolescent depression interventions, (ii) examine the effectiveness of these trials
in reducing depressive symptoms, and (iii) evaluate their methodological quality. We systematically searched the databases PubMed and PsycINFO. The
search strategy adhered to the PRISMA statement to guide identification and selection of articles. Further, a structured evaluation form was adapted
from the CONSORT statement and methodological literature to evaluate the elicited clinical trials. A total of 288 unique articles met criteria for
abstract level screening, 45 articles were selected for full-text review, and 16 articles were included in the final analysis. We found that (i)
available approaches to include parents in adolescent depression interventions vary in their theoretical stance, purpose, sample characteristics, and
measured outcomes, (ii) the health outcomes of these approaches seemed to be contingent upon the nature of parental involvement, and (iii) effective
translation of these approaches into practice needs to be considered in the light of their methodological rigour. Our review revealed a variety of
promising approaches to utilize the parental and family contexts as a means of preventing or treating adolescent depression. However, more research
is needed to determine which interventions, within what contexts, and using what resources will facilitate the best health outcomes for adolescents
with depression and their parents.
International Journal of Mental Health
Nursing, 27(2) : 555-570
- Year: 2018
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Universal prevention, At risk (indicated or selected prevention), Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT), Family therapy, Psychoeducation, Other Psychological Interventions
Daya, Z., Hearn, J. H.
INTRODUCTION: Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have gained
popularity in medical education. A systematic review was conducted to determine the effectiveness of MBIs for reducing psychological distress in
undergraduate medical students.\rMETHODS: A search protocol was conducted using online databases Embase, PubMed, PsycINFO, and MEDLINE. Articles were
required to meet the following criteria to be included: (1) describe a MBI or use of mindfulness exercises as part of an intervention, (2) include at
least one of: stress, burnout, fatigue, or depression, as an outcome, (3) include quantitative outcomes, and (4) published in English in a peer-
reviewed journal.\rRESULTS: Twelve articles were reviewed. Seven studies reported improvements in at least one targeted outcome. Four of seven
studies exploring the impact on stress reported improvements. Five articles studying depression reported reductions. One study exploring burnout
reported a decrease on a single subscale. Only one study measured the impact on fatigue (no change reported). Half of studies reviewed included
predominantly female samples.\rCONCLUSIONS: Mixed evidence was found for the use of MBIs for reducing psychological distress in undergraduate medical
students. Future work should aim to clarify the impact of mindfulness on burnout and fatigue, and explore the replicability of improvements in male
medical students alone.
Medical Teacher, 40(2) : 146-
153
- Year: 2018
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Mindfulness based
therapy
Geipel, J., Koenig, J., Hillecke, T. K., Resch,
F., Kaess, M.
BACKGROUND: Existing systematic reviews provide evidence that music therapy is an effective intervention in the
treatment of children and adolescents with psychopathology. The objective of the present review was to systematically review and quantify the effects
of music-based interventions in reducing internalizing symptoms (i.e., depression and anxiety) in children and adolescents using a meta-analytical
approach.\rMETHODS: Databases and journals were systematically screened for studies eligible for inclusion in meta-analysis on the effects of music-
based interventions in reducing internalizing symptoms. A random-effect meta-analysis using standardized mean differences (SMD) was conducted.
\rRESULTS: Five studies were included. Analysis of data from (randomized) controlled trials, yielded a significant main effect (Hedge's g = -0.73;
95%CI [-1.42;-0.04], Z = 2.08, p = 0.04, k = 5), indicating a greater reduction of internalizing symptoms in youth receiving music-based
interventions (n = 100) compared to different control group interventions (n = 95).\rLIMITATIONS: The existing evidence is limited to studies of low
power and methodological quality. Included studies were highly heterogeneous with respect to the nature of the intervention, the measurements
applied, the samples studied, and the study design.\rCONCLUSIONS: Findings indicate that music-based interventions may be efficient in reducing the
severity of internalizing symptoms in children and adolescents. While these results are encouraging with respect to the application of music-based
intervention, rigorous research is necessary to replicate existing findings and provide a broader base of evidence. More research adopting well
controlled study designs of high methodological quality is needed.
Journal of
Affective Disorders, 225 : 647-656
- Year: 2018
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention), Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Creative expression: music, dance, drama, art
Hollenbaugh, K. M. H., Lenz, A.
This
meta-analysis evaluated the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy for adolescents in reducing symptoms of depression, anxiety, self-injury,
and suicide risk. Twelve between-group studies (N = 834) were chosen that met the inclusion criteria. Results revealed small-to-medium Hedges's g
effect sizes for all 4 symptoms compared with control and alternative treatment groups. However, the small number of effect sizes available for each
analysis limited the generalizability of the findings. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c)
2018 APA, all rights reserved)
Journal of Counseling & Development, 96(2) : 119-
131
- Year: 2018
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention), Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Dialectical behavioural therapy
(DBT)
Loechner, J., Starman, K., Galuschka, K., Tamm, J., Schulte-Korne, G., Rubel, J., Platt, B.
One major predictor of depression onset is having a depressed parent. This study
provides the first systematic review and meta-analysis of preventive interventions for offspring of depressed parents. We searched six literature
databases and included randomized controlled trials which concerned the non-depressed offspring (aged 18 or younger) of a depressed parent, who
received a preventive intervention designed to reduce the risk of depression or a comparison condition. Primary and secondary outcome measures were
the severity and incidence of childhood depression. 14 publications reporting data from seven trials (n = 935 children) were included and were of
relatively high quality. The effect of the interventions (versus any control condition) on depressive and internalising symptoms at post-intervention
follow-up (up to four months) was small but significant [g' = - 0.20, 95% CI (- 0.34; - 0.06), p = 0.005; I2 = 0.00%]. The interventions
also had a small but significant effect on depression incidence [Risk Ratio = 0.56; 95% CI(0.41;0.77); d' = - 0.42]. Intervention effects were not
present in the short-term (up to 12 months post-intervention) or long-term (15-72 months post-intervention) follow-ups. Interventions targeting the
offspring of depressed parents show promise not only in reducing symptoms of depression but also in preventing the onset of depression, at least
immediately after the intervention. Copyright © 2017 The Authors
Clinical Psychology Review, 60 : 1-
14
- Year: 2018
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions
Hathaway, E. E., Walkup, J. T., Strawn, J. R.
Anxiety and depressive disorders are common in the pediatric primary care
setting, and respond to both psychotherapeutic and psychopharmacologic treatment. However, there are limited data regarding the optimal treatment
duration. This article systematically reviews guidelines and clinical trial data related to antidepressant treatment duration in pediatric patients
with depressive and anxiety disorders. The extant literature suggests 9-12 months of antidepressant treatment for youth with major depressive
disorder. For generalized, separation and social anxiety disorders, 6-9 months of antidepressant treatment may be sufficient, though many clinicians
extend treatment to 12 months based on extrapolation of data from adults with anxiety disorders. Such extended treatment periods may decrease the
risk of long-term morbidity and recurrence; however, the goal of treatment is ultimately remission, rather than duration of antidepressant
pharmacotherapy. Moreover, while evidence-based guidelines represent a starting point, appropriate treatment duration varies and patient-specific
response, psychological factors, and timing of discontinuation must be considered for individual pediatric patients. Copyright © 2018 Mosby, Inc.
Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care, 48(2) : 31-
39
- Year: 2018
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder), Relapse prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Biological Interventions
(any), Antidepressants
(any), Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT)
Mychailyszyn, M. P., Elson, D. M.
Previous research has indicated that Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) is generally effective for ameliorating symptoms
for adults suffering from depression. Indeed, this has been demonstrated through numerous clinical and open trials, and further confirmed on a larger
degree through several meta-analyses. However, no such comprehensive reviews have been conducted exclusively with adolescents, a population for which
interpersonal relationships holds immense developmental importance. Therefore, a meta-analysis of the effectiveness of IPT-A, the version of IPT
modified to specifically address depression in adolescents, was conducted in the present review. A total of ten studies yielding 766 participants
were included in the present meta-analysis and analyzed using a standardized mean gain (SMG) effect size. The results indicate that IPT-A was
significantly effective at reducing depressive symptoms in adolescents and significantly more effective than control or treatment-as-usual groups in
treating depression in adolescents. IPT-A yielded an overall effect size (Hedges g) of 1.19, while the aggregate effect size for control/placebo
groups was 0.58. Overall, the results of this review suggest that IPT-A holds similar promise for improving adolescent depression as the original
version does for adults. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)
Children and Youth Services Review, 87 : 123-
129
- Year: 2018
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Interpersonal therapy (IPT)
Pandey, A., Hale, D., Das, S., Goddings, A. L., Blakemore, S. J., Viner, R. M.
IMPORTANCE Childhood and adolescence
self-regulation (SR) is gaining importance as a target of intervention because of mounting evidence of its positive associations with health, social
and educational outcomes. OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of rigorously evaluated interventions to improve self-regulation
in children and adolescents. DATA SOURCES Keyword searches of the PsycINFO, PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL Plus, ERIC, British Education Index, Child
Development and Adolescent Studies, and CENTRAL were used to identify all studies published through July 2016. STUDY SELECTION To be eligible for
this review, studies had to report cluster randomized trials or randomized clinical trials, evaluate universal interventions designed to improve
self-regulation in children and adolescents aged 0 to 19 years, include outcomes associated with self-regulation skills, and be published in a peer-
reviewed journal with the full text available in English. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS A total of 14 369 published recordswere screened, of which
147 were identified for full-text review and 49 studies reporting 50 interventions were included in the final review. Results were summarized by
narrative review and meta-analysis. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Self-regulation outcomes in children and adolescents. RESULTS This review identified
17 cluster randomized trials and 32 randomized clinical trials evaluating self-regulation interventions, which included a total of 23 098
participants ranging in age from 2 to 17 years (median age, 6.0 years). Consistent improvement in self-regulation was reported in 16 of 21
curriculum-based interventions (76%), 4 of the 8 mindfulness and yoga interventions (50%), 5 of 9 family-based programs (56%), 4 of 6 exercise-based
programs (67%), and 4 of 6 social and personal skills interventions (67%), or a total of 33 of 50 interventions (66%). Ameta-analysis evaluating
associations of interventions with self-regulation task performance scores showed a positive effect of such interventions with pooled effect size of
0.42 (95%CI, 0.32-0.53). Only 24 studies reported data on distal outcomes (29 outcomes). Positive associations were reported in 11 of 13 studies
(85%) on academic achievement, 4 of 5 studies on substance abuse (80%), and in all studies reporting on conduct disorders (n = 3), studies on social
skills (n = 2), studies on depression (n = 2), studies on behavioral problems (n = 2), and study on school suspensions (n = 1). No effect was seen on
2 studies reporting on academic achievement, 1 study reporting on substance abuse, and 1 additional study reporting on psychological well-being.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE A wide range of interventions were successful in improving self-regulation in children and adolescents. There was
improvement in distal academic, health, and behavioral outcomes in most intervention groups compared with controls. Copyright © 2018 American Medical
Association. All rights reserved.
JAMA Pediatrics, 172(6) : 566-
575
- Year: 2018
- Problem: Depressive Disorders, Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Psychological Interventions
(any), Skills training, Other Psychological Interventions, Mindfulness based
therapy, Mind-body exercises (e.g. yoga, tai chi, qigong), Physical activity, exercise
Purgato, M., Gross, A. L., Betancourt, T., Bolton, P., Bonetto, C., Gastaldon,
C., Gordon, J., OCallaghan, P., Papola, D., Peltonen,
K., Punamaki, R. L., Richards, J., Staples, J. K., Unterhitzenberger, J., van-Ommeren, M., de-Jong, J., Jordans, M. J. D., Tol, W. A., Barbui, C.
Background: Results from studies
evaluating the effectiveness of focused psychosocial support interventions in children exposed to traumatic events in humanitarian settings in low-
income and middle-income countries have been inconsistent, showing varying results by setting and subgroup (eg, age or gender). We aimed to assess
the effectiveness of these interventions, and to explore which children are likely to benefit most. Methods: We did a systematic review and meta-
analysis of individual participant data (IPD) from 3143 children recruited to 11 randomised controlled trials of focused psychosocial support
interventions versus waiting list. We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, PubMed, PsycArticles, Web of Science, and
the main local low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) databases according to the list of databases relevant to LMIC developed collaboratively
by Cochrane and WHO Library, up to November, 2016. We included randomised controlled trials that assessed the effectiveness of focused psychosocial
support interventions in children exposed to traumatic events in LMICs, compared with waiting lists (eg, inactive controls). We excluded quasi-
randomised trials, studies that did not focus on psychosocial support interventions, and studies that compared two active interventions without
control conditions. We requested anonymised data from each trial for each of the prespecified variables for each child who was randomly assigned. The
main outcomes considered were continuous scores in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms assessed
with rating scales administered immediately (0-4 weeks) after the intervention. We harmonised all individual items from rating scales using item
response theory methods. This study is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42013006960. Findings: We identified a beneficial effect of focused
psychosocial support interventions on PTSD symptoms (standardised mean difference [SMD] -0.33, 95% CI -0.52 to -0.14) that was maintained at follow-
up (-0.21, -0.42 to -0.01). We also identified benefits at the endpoint for functional impairment (-0.29, -0.43 to -0.15) and for strengths: coping
(-0.22, -0.43 to -0.02), hope (-0.29, -0.48 to -0.09), and social support (-0.27, -0.52 to -0.02). In IPD meta-analyses focused on age, gender,
displacement status, region, and household size we found a stronger improvement in PTSD symptoms in children aged 15-18 years (-0.43, -0.63 to -
0.23), in non-displaced children (-0.40, -0.52 to -0.27), and in children living in smaller households (<6 members; -0.27, -0.42 to -0.11).
Interpretation: Overall, focused psychosocial interventions are effective in reducing PTSD and functional impairment, and in increasing hope, coping,
and social support. Future studies should focus on strengthening interventions for younger children, displaced children, and children living in
larger households. Funding: European Commission FP7th Framework Programme for Research (Marie Curie International Outgoing Fellowship) and the
National Institute on Aging. Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0
license
The Lancet Global Health, 6(4) : e390-
e400
- Year: 2018
- Problem: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Depressive Disorders
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Psychological Interventions
(any)
Winzer, R., Lindberg, L., Guldbrandsson, K., Sidorchuk, A.
Background:
Symptoms of depression, anxiety, and distress are more common in undergraduates compared to age-matched peers.Mental ill health among students is
associated with impaired academic achievement, worse occupational preparedness, and lower future occupational performance. Research on mental health
promoting and mental ill health preventing interventions has shown promising short-term effects, though the sustainability of intervention benefits
deserve closer attention. We aimed to identify, appraise and summarize existing data from randomized control trials (RCTs) reporting on whether the
effects of mental health promoting and mental ill health preventing interventions were sustained at least three months post-intervention, and to
analyze how the effects vary for different outcomes in relation to follow-up length. Further, we aimed to assess whether the effect sustainability
varied by intervention type, study-level determinants and of participant characteristics. Material and Methods: A systematic search in MEDLINE,
PsycInfo, ERIC, and Scopus was performed for RCTs published in 1995-2015 reporting an assessment of mental ill health and positive mental health
outcomes for, at least, three months of post-intervention follow-up. Random-effect modeling was utilized for quantitative synthesis of the existing
evidence with standardized mean difference (Hedges' g) used to estimate an aggregated effect size. Sustainability of the effects of interventions
was analyzed separately for 3-6 months, 7-12 months, and 13-18 months of post-intervention follow-up. Results: About 26 studies were eligible after
reviewing 6,571 citations. The pooled effects were mainly small, but significant for several categories of outcomes. Thus, for the combined mental
ill health outcomes, symptom-reduction sustained up to 7-12 months post-intervention (standardized mean difference (Hedges' g) effect size (ES) = -
0.28 (95% CI [-0.49, -0.08])). Further, sustainability of symptom-reductions were evident for depression with intervention effect lasting up to 13-18
months (ES = -0.30 (95% CI [-0.51, -0.08])), for anxiety up to 7-12 months (ES = -0.27 (95% CI [-0.54, -0.01])), and for stress up to 3-6 months (ES
= -0.30 (95% CI [-0.58, -0.03])). The effects of interventions to enhance positive mental health were sustained up to 3-6 months for the combined
positive mental health outcomes (ES = 0.32 (95% CI [0.05, 0.59])). For enhanced active coping, sustainability up to 3-6 months was observed with a
medium and significant effect (ES = 0.75 (95% CI [0.19, 1.30])). Discussion: The evidence suggests long-term effect sustainability for mental ill
health preventive interventions, especially for interventions to reduce the symptoms of depression and symptoms of anxiety. Interventions to promote
positive mental health offer promising, but shorter-lasting effects. Future research should focus on mental health organizational interventions to
examine their potential for students in tertiary education. Copyright © 2018 Winzer et al.
PeerJ, 2018 (4) (no
pagination)(e4598) :
- Year: 2018
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Universal prevention, At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT), Psychoeducation, Mindfulness based
therapy
Yuan, S., Zhou, X., Zhang, Y., Zhang, H., Pu, J., Yang, L., Liu, L., Jiang, X., Xie, P.
Background:
Depression and anxiety are the most common mental disorders in children and adolescents. Bibliotherapy is a treatment using written materials for
mental health problems. Its main advantages are ease of use, low cost, low staffing demands, and greater privacy. Yet few meta-analyses have focused
on the effect of bibliotherapy on depression and anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. Methods: We included randomized controlled trials
comparing bibliotherapy with control con-ditions for depression and anxiety in children and adolescents (aged #18 years). Five electronic databases
(PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, and PsycINFO) were searched from inception to January 2017. Efficacy was defined as mean change scores in
depression and anxiety symptoms. Acceptability was defined as the proportion of participants who discontinued the treatment. Random effects model was
used. An intention-to-treat analysis was conducted. Results: Eight studies with 979 participants were selected. At posttreatment, bibliotherapy was
significantly more effective than the control conditions in reducing the symptoms of depression or anxiety (standardized mean difference, -0.52; 95%
confidence interval [CI], -0.89 to -0.15). Bibliotherapy did not have statistically significantly more all-cause discontinuations than controls (risk
ratios, 1.66; 95% CI, 0.93 to 2.95). We also performed subgroup analyses for efficacy outcomes in different categories (types of disorder, mean age,
control conditions, and parental involvement) of studies and found that bibliotherapy has been more effective in depressive adolescents. Limitations:
Limited studies were eligible in this review and hence there was potential publication bias. Conclusion: According to the findings in this review,
bibliotherapy may be more beneficial in treating depression in adolescents, but shows less robust effects for anxiety in children. Further well-
defined clinical studies should be performed to confirm these outcomes. Copyright © 2018 Yuan et al.
Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 14 : 353-365
- Year: 2018
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder), At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Self-help
Van-Voorhees, B., Mitacek, R., Gladstone, T.
Background: Despite 13-20% of American adolescents experiencing a
depressive episode annually, no scalable primary care model for adolescent depression prevention is available. CATCH-IT (Competent Adulthood
Transition with Cognitive Behavioral Humanistic and Interpersonal Training) is a primary-care, internet-based depression prevention intervention.
Aims of the Study: Does CATCH-IT reduce risk of developing and depressive episode in adolescents compared to a general health education (HE)
attention control intervention? Methods: The Promoting AdolescenT Health (PATH) study compares CATCH-IT and HE in a phase 3 single-blind multicenter
randomized attention control trial with 12-month follow-up Results: CATCH-IT reduced risk of developing depressive episodes for adolescents with
elevated depressed mood at baseline compared to attention control at six months (HR=0.20 decline per 5 point increase in CES-D10 score at baseline,
p<0.047) and at twelve months (311/369 participants in sub-group analysis, HR=0.15 for each 5-point baseline increase in CES-D10; p-value = 0.05). At
6 months, for adolescents who completed -2/20 modules, CATCHIT demonstrated superiority over HE (HR=0.41, p-value <0.047), but effects were
attenuated at 12 months (HR=0.65, p-value <0.18). In moderated analyses at 12 months the number of completed CATCH-IT modules predicted additional
improvement of depressive symptoms (p-value <0.001) and function scores (p-value <0.034). CATCH-IT may increase motivation (p-value <0.02) and also
reduce the risk of substance use and self-harm at 12 months (pvalue <-0.06). The overall incidence of major depressive episodes remained lower than
anticipated for both groups, and there are some indications that adolescents with no depressed mood at baseline may benefit more from HE than CATCH-
IT. Discussion(s): These data suggest possible benefit of CATCH-IT at up to 12 months for those who enter the study with depressed mood. Increased
number of CATCH-IT modules completed may reduce risk of depressive episodes at 6-months, and improved depressed mood and functional status at 12
months. Implications for Health Care Provision and Use: A motivation and coping strategy model like CATCH-IT appears to be superior to well-conceived
attention control intervention for as long as 12 months in adolescents with depressed mood, but with duration of effect unknown. Conversely, a
physical health promotion model (HE) combined with assessment and referral may benefit youth at risk for depressive episodes, but not yet
symptomatic. Implications for Health Policies: This is the first population-based trial of a truly scalable intervention to possibly prevent
adolescent depression in the primary care setting. These data suggest possible benefits to investing in internet-based telehealth systems for at-risk
adolescents. Implications for Further Research: Unsolved questions include: when is CATCH-IT most beneficial, why are rates of depression so low for
adolescents in both arms; and cost-effectiveness. A future dissemination trial comparing CATCH-IT to augmented usual care across a wider range of
primary care environments is being developed. A novel design might be to offer CATCH-IT to those with symptoms and HE to those at risk, but not yet
symptomatic.
, 21(SUPPL 1) : S8
- Year: 2018
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT), Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)