Disorders - depressive disorders
Pribis, P., Bailey, R. N., Russell, A. A., Kilsby, M. A., Hernandez, M., Craig, W. J., Grajales, T., Shavlik, D. J., Sabate, J.
Walnuts contain a number of potentially neuroprotective compounds like vitamin E, folate, melatonin, several antioxidative polyphenols
and significant amounts of n-3 a-linolenic fatty acid. The present study sought to determine the effect of walnuts on verbal and non-verbal
reasoning, memory and mood. A total of sixty-four college students were randomly assigned to two treatment sequences in a crossover fashion:
walnuts-placebo or placebo-walnuts. Baseline data were collected for non-verbal reasoning, verbal reasoning, memory and mood states. Data were
collected again after 8 weeks of intervention. After 6 weeks of washout, the intervention groups followed the diets in reverse order. Data were
collected once more at the end of the 8-week intervention period. No significant increases were detected for mood, non-verbal reasoning or memory on
the walnut-supplemented diet. However, inferential verbal reasoning increased significantly by 11.2%, indicating a medium effect size (P = 0.009; d =
0.567). In young, healthy, normal adults, walnuts do not appear to improve memory, mood or non-verbal reasoning abilities. However, walnuts may have
the ability to increase inferential reasoning. Copyright © The Authors 2011.
British Journal of Nutrition, 107(9) : 1393-
1401
- Year: 2012
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Dietary advice, dietary change
Quevedo, L.
Objective: To determine whether cognitive therapy is more effective in reducing depressive symptoms in firstepisode patients or in patients
with previous episodes. Methods: Randomized clin'ical trial with youth aged 18 to 29 years who met diagnostic criteria for depression assessed by
the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM (SCID). Participants who were in psychological or psychiatric treatment and / or who showed suicide risk,
or who used some psychoactive substance (except tobacco and alcohol) were excluded. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Hamilton Depression
Scale (HAM-D), in addition, young people were asked about the number of episodes. The models of psychotherapy were used: Cognitive Therapy Narrative
(TCN) and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), both with seven sessions. At the end of treatment, the final evaluation was performed with the HAM-D
and HAM-A. The statistical analysis was realized in the SPSS 13.0 for Windows. All subjects gave written informed consent for the analysis and
anonymous publication of research findings. Results: We randomized 91 patients diagnosed with depression. Of these, 46 received CBT and 45 received
TCN. 46 participants completed the treatment, 18 in CBT and 28 TCN. Thirty-six (78.3%) of the sample had experienced previous episodes. The mean
difference between patients treated in CBTwas 8.22 (95% CI: 6.03, 10.42) points in the average Hamilton's Scale (depressive symptoms, while the
difference between the averages of those treated in NCT was 5.57 (95% CI: 3.10, 8.04). Participants who were in first depressive episode declined
4.20 ((plus or minus)11.02) points in the average Hamiltons Scale (depressive symptoms), while those who had previous episodes, showed a reduction of
12.16 ((plus or minus)6.82) points in mean score of depressive symptoms (P=0.07). Conclusion: There was remission of depressive symptoms in two
models of intervention and on the number of episodes; the reduction of depressive symptoms was higher in those who were not in the first episode.
International Clinical Psychopharmacology, 28 : e67
- Year: 2012
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT), Other Psychological Interventions
Radhu, N., Daskalakis, Z. J., Guglietti, C. L., Farzan, F., Barr, M. S., Arpin-Cribbie, C. A., Fitzgerald, P. B., Ritvo, P.
Background: Several lines of evidence suggest that cognitive
behavioral therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for depression and anxiety disorders. Evidence suggests that the therapeutic effects of CBT are
related to neurophysiologic changes in the cortex, particularly (gamma)-aminobutyric acid (GABA) potentiation. Transcranial magnetic stimulation
(TMS) represents a noninvasive method of measuring cortical inhibition, which is a neurophysiologic mechanism associated with the pathophysiology of
several psychiatric disorders. Objective/Hypothesis: To demonstrate the effectiveness of a 12-week CBT intervention compared with a wait list control
group measuring cortical inhibition in participants with pathologic perfectionism. Participants within the CBT group would demonstrate increases in
cortical inhibition and improvements on clinical outcomes relative to the wait list control group. Methods: Twenty-four right-handed perfectionists
were randomly assigned to a 12-week CBT intervention or a wait list control group. Cortical inhibition was measured at pre- and postintervention with
TMS paradigms specifically short-interval cortical inhibition and the cortical silent period, which index GABAA and GABAB receptor-mediated
inhibitory neurotransmission, respectively. Results: The CBT group demonstrated a significant potentiation of the cortical silent period when
compared with the wait list control group. The CBT group demonstrated a decrease in anxiety sensitivity and automatic thoughts relative to the
control group. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that CBT tailored for perfectionism is accompanied by an increase in cortical inhibition of
the motor cortex and positive changes on clinical outcomes. These findings provide compelling evidence for an association between positive CBT
effects and a potentiation of GABAergic inhibitory neurotransmission. (copyright) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Brain
Stimulation, 5(1) : 44-54
- Year: 2012
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT)
Radhu, N., Daskalakis, Z. J., Arpin-Cribbie, C. A., Irvine,
J., Ritvo, P.
Objective: This study assessed a
Web-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for maladaptive perfectionism, investigating perfectionism, anxiety, depression, negative automatic
thoughts, and perceived stress. Participants: Participants were undergraduate students defined as maladaptive perfectionists through a screening
questionnaire at an urban university. The data were collected from July 2009 to August 2010. Methods: Forty-seven maladaptive perfectionists were
randomly assigned to a 12-week CBT or a wait-list control group and assessed via questionnaires at pre- and postintervention. Statistical procedures
included t tests, Pearson correlations, and analysis of covariance. Results: At the postintervention measure, the CBT group demonstrated significant
decreases in anxiety sensitivity and negative automatic thoughts compared to the control group. Within the CBT group, changes in perfectionism scores
were significantly correlated with positive changes in depression, anxiety, stress, and automatic thoughts. Conclusions: The treatment group improved
on psychological outcomes, demonstrating the effectiveness of a Web-based CBT for perfectionism in a university setting. Copyright (copyright) 2012
Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.
Journal of
American College Health, 60(5) : 357-366
- Year: 2012
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT), Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)
Mychailyszyn, Matthew P., Brodman, Douglas
M., Read, Kendra L., Kendall, Philip C.
A meta
‚Äêanalysis of school‚Äêbased interventions for anxious and depressed youth using QUORUM guidelines was conducted. Studies were located by searching
electronic databases, manual effort, and contact with expert researchers. Analyses examined 63 studies with 8,225 participants receiving cognitive
‐behavioral therapy (CBT) and 6,986 in comparison conditions. Mean pre–post effect sizes indicate that anxiety‐focused school‐based CBT was
moderately effective in reducing anxiety (Hedge's g = 0.501) and depression‚Äêfocused school‚Äêbased CBT was mildly effective in reducing depression
(Hedge's g = 0.298) for youth receiving interventions as compared to those in anxiety intervention control conditions (Hedge's g = 0.193) and
depression intervention controls (Hedge's g = 0.091). Predictors of outcome were explored. School‚Äêbased CBT interventions for youth anxiety and
for youth depression hold considerable promise, although investigation is still needed to identify features that optimize service delivery and
outcome. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
Clinical
Psychology: Science & Practice, 19(2) : 129-153
- Year: 2012
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Universal prevention, At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT)
Nilsen, T. S., Eisemann, M., Kvernmo, S.
The aim of this literature review was to examine pre-treatment child and adolescent
characteristics as predictors and moderators of outcome in psychotherapy treatment trials of anxiety and depressive disorders. A literature search
was conducted using several databases and resulted in 45 published studies (32 anxiety studies and 13 depression studies) meeting predefined
methodological criteria. Ten client demographic (age, gender, ethnicity, IQ) and clinical factors (duration, type of diagnosis, pre-treatment
severity, comorbidity) were examined across studies. The majority of findings showed non-significant associations between demographic factors (gender
and age) with treatment outcome for both the anxiety and the depression treatment trials. Some important differences between the results of the
anxiety and depression treatment trials were found. The majority of findings for the anxiety studies suggest that there are no demographic or
clinical factors that predict or moderate treatment outcome. For the depression studies, however, the findings suggest that baseline symptom severity
and comorbid anxiety may impact on treatment response. Overall, existing studies of pre-treatment patient variables as predictors and moderators of
anxiety and depression treatment outcome provide little consistent knowledge concerning for what type of patients and under what conditions
treatments work. Suggestions for future research are discussed. (copyright) 2012 Springer-Verlag.
European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, : 1-19
- Year: 2012
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any)
Qouta, Samir R., Palosaari, Esa, Diab, Marwan
We examined the
effectiveness of a psychosocial intervention in reducing mental health symptoms among war-affected children, and the role of peritraumatic
dissociation in moderating the intervention impact on posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). School classes were randomized into intervention (n =
242) and waitlist control (n = 240) conditions in Gaza, Palestine. The intervention group participated in 16 extracurriculum sessions of teaching
recovery techniques (TRT) and the controls received normal school-provided support. Participants were 10- to 13-year-old Palestinian girls (49.4%)
and boys (50.6%). Data on PTSS, depressive symptoms, and psychological distress were collected at baseline (T1), postintervention (T2), and 6-month
follow-up (T3). Peritraumatic dissociation was assessed only at baseline. Regression analyses that took regression to the mean and cluster sampling
into account were applied. The results on intervention effectiveness were specific to gender and peritraumatic dissociation. At T2, the intervention
significantly reduced the proportion of clinical PTSS among boys, and both the symptom level (R² = .24), and proportion of clinical PTSS among girls
who had a low level of peritraumatic dissociation. The results have implications for risk-specific tailoring of psychosocial interventions in war
conditions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
Journal of Traumatic
Stress, 25(3) : 288-298
- Year: 2012
- Problem: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions
Stallard, P., Sayal, K., Phillips,
R., Taylor, J. A., Spears, M., Anderson, R., Araya, R., Lewis, G., Millings, A., Montgomery, A. A.
Objective: To compare the effectiveness of classroom based cognitive behavioural
therapy with attention control and usual school provision for adolescents at high risk of depression. Design: Three arm parallel cluster randomised
controlled trial. Setting: Eight UK secondary schools. Participants: Adolescents (n=5030) aged 12-16 years in school year groups 8-11. Year groups
were randomly assigned on a 1:1:1 ratio to cognitive behavioural therapy, attention control, or usual school provision. Allocation was balanced by
school, year, number of students and classes, frequency of lessons, and timetabling. Participants were not blinded to treatment allocation.
Interventions: Cognitive behavioural therapy, attention control, and usual school provision provided in classes to all eligible participants. Main
outcome measures: Outcomes were collected by self completed questionnaire administered by researchers. The primary outcome was symptoms of depression
assessed at 12 months by the short mood and feelings questionnaire among those identified at baseline as being at high risk of depression. Secondary
outcomes included negative thinking, self worth, and anxiety. Analyses were undertaken on an intention to treat basis and accounted for the clustered
nature of the design. Results: 1064 (21.2%) adolescents were identified at high risk of depression: 392 in the classroom based cognitive behavioural
therapy arm, 374 in the attention control arm, and 298 in the usual school provision arm. At 12 months adjusted mean scores on the short mood and
feelings questionnaire did not differ for cognitive behavioural therapy versus attention control (-0.63, 95% confidence interval -1.85 to 0.58,
P=0.41) or for cognitive behavioural therapy versus usual school provision (0.97, -0.20 to 2.15, P=0.12). Conclusion: In adolescents with depressive
symptoms, outcomes were similar for attention control, usual school provision, and cognitive behavioural therapy. Classroom based cognitive
behavioural therapy programmes may result in increased self awareness and reporting of depressive symptoms but should not be undertaken without
further evaluation and research. Trial registration: Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN19083628.
British Journal of
Psychiatry, 345(7878) :
- Year: 2012
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention, At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT)
Wong, P. W. C., Fu, K. W., Chan, K. Y.
K., Chan, W. S. C., Liu, P. M. Y., Law, Y. W., Yip, P. S.
F.
Background: Evidence of the effectiveness, rather than efficacy, of universal school-based
programmes for preventing depression among adolescents is limited. This study examined the effectiveness of a universal depression prevention
programme, The Little Prince is Depressed (LPD), which adopted the cognitive-behavioural model and aimed to reduce depressive symptoms and enhance
protective factors of depression among secondary school students in Hong Kong. Methods: A quasi-experimental design was adopted for this pilot study.
Thirteen classes were assigned to the intervention or control conditions according to the deliberation of the programme administrator of the four
participating schools. Implementation was carried out in two phases, with a professional-led first phase and teacher-led programme second phase. LPD
consisted of a 12-week school-based face-to-face programme with psycho-educational lessons and homework assignments. Results: Students completed the
programme generally showed positive development in help-seeking attitudes and self-esteem. For students who had more depressive symptoms at pre-
assessment, the programme was found to be significant in enhancing cognitive-restructuring skills and support-seeking behaviours. The programme was
not, however, found to be statistically significant in reducing depressive symptoms of the participants over the study period. Limitations: A small
sample size, a high attrition rate, and a short follow-up time frame. Conclusions: The LPD programme was successful in building resilience of the
students in general and enhancing the cognitive-behavioural skills of students with depressive symptoms. While we did not find sufficient evidence
for concluding that the LPD was effective in reducing depressive symptoms, we believe that these results highlight the challenges of implementing
evidence-based practices generated from highly controlled environments in real-life settings. (copyright) 2012 Elsevier B.V.
Journal of Affective Disorders, 142(1-3) : 106
-114
- Year: 2012
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Psychoeducation
Wells, K. B., Tang, L., Carlson, G. A., Asarnow, J.
R.
Objectives: The effectiveness of treatments for youth depression
in primary care, under usual practice conditions, is largely unstudied. This study aims at estimating the effect of \"appropriate treatment,\"
defined as treatment that approximates guideline standards, on clinical outcomes for depressed primary care youth patients by using observational
analyses from a randomized trial. Methods: Participants were 344 youths aged 13-21 enrolled in the Youth Partners in Care trial. Youths screening
positive for depression from six primary care practices in five different health care organizations were randomly assigned to either (1) usual care
enhanced by provider education on depression evaluation and management, or (2) a quality improvement (QI) intervention designed to improve access to
antidepressant medications and/or cognitive behavior therapy for depression; usual practice conditions otherwise applied. Observational analysis was
conducted on the effects of appropriate treatment (antidepressant medication use by algorithms or 6 or more psychotherapy visits) on severe
depression (Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression score (greater-than or equal to)24) at 6 months. Selection into treatment is accounted for by
using instrumental variables analysis, with randomized QI intervention status as the instrument. Results: At 6 months, youths receiving \"appropriate
treatment,\" compared with others, were significantly less likely to have severe depression (10.9% vs. 45.2%, p<0.0001). Similar findings were
observed among youths with depressive disorders and sub-syndromal depressive symptoms, and among Latino and other youths. Conclusions: Among
depressed primary care youths, care that approximates guideline standards but retains leniency substantially reduces the likelihood of severe
depression at 6 months. Such findings apply to youths with or without depressive disorder, and among Latino youth. (copyright) 2012, Mary Ann
Liebert, Inc.
Journal of Child & Adolescent
Psychopharmacology, 22(1) : 80-90
- Year: 2012
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention), Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Other service delivery and improvement
interventions
Tanay, G., Lotan, G., Bernstein, A.
The present study evaluated the effect of a brief mindfulness-based preventive intervention
on (a) dispositional (MAAS; Brown & Ryan, 2003) and state (SMS; Tanay & Bernstein, 2010) mindfulness; (b) putative proximal factors/processes
engendered through the development of mindfulness, including increased decentering (EQ-D; Fresco et al., 2007) and reduced experiential avoidance
(AAQ; Hayes et al., 2004); and (c) distal mood and anxiety vulnerability factors, including reduced depression-related dysfunctional attitudes, (DAS;
de Graaf, Roelofs, & Huibers, 2009), anxiety sensitivity (ASI-3; Taylor et al., 2007), and negative affectivity (PANAS-NA; Watson, Clark, & Tellegen,
1988) among a university-community sample in Israel. Fifty-three adult participants between the ages of 20 and 52 (Mage=25.2years, SDage=4.3years;
65.4% women) were recruited from the Haifa University community. Nineteen participants were randomly assigned to an experimental condition
(Mage=25.3years, SDage=4.3years; 66% women) and studied prospectively over the course of a four-session (21-day) mindfulness skills training
intervention; and 34 participants were randomly assigned to a no-intervention (control) condition (Mage=24.9years, SDage=2.4years; 64.7% women) and
studied prospectively. Findings demonstrate statistically robust and clinically significant relations between mindfulness and the theorized proximal
and distal mood and anxiety vulnerability factors. Findings are discussed with respect to their theoretical implications for better understanding
mindfulness-psychopathology vulnerability relations, clinical implications for larger-scale universal and selective transdiagnostic prevention
efforts, and future directions for this area of research. (copyright) 2011 Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies.
Behavior Therapy, 43(3) : 492-505
- Year: 2012
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Mindfulness based
therapy
Trudeau, L., Spoth, R., Randall, G. K., Mason, W. A., Shin, C.
This study examined the mediated
and moderated effects of a universal family-focused preventive intervention, delivered during young adolescence, on internalizing symptoms assessed
in young adulthood. Sixth grade students (N = 446; 52% female; 98% White) and their families from 22 rural Midwestern school districts were randomly
assigned to the experimental conditions in 1993. Self-report questionnaires were administered at seven time points (pre-test to young adulthood-age
21) to those receiving the Iowa Strengthening Families Program (ISFP) and to the control group. Results showed that growth factors of adolescent
internalizing symptoms (grades 6-12) were predicted by ISFP condition and risk status (defined as early substance initiation). Moderation of the
condition effect by risk status was found, with higher-risk adolescents benefitting more from the ISFP. Results also supported the hypothesis that
the ISFP's effect on internalizing symptoms in young adulthood was mediated through growth factors of adolescents' internalizing symptoms; risk
moderation, however, was only marginally significant in young adulthood. The relative reduction rate on clinical or subclinical levels of young adult
internalizing symptoms was 28%, indicating that for every 100 young adults displaying clinical or subclinical levels of internalizing symptoms from
school districts not offering an intervention, there could be as few as 72 displaying those levels of symptoms in school districts that offered
middle school prevention programming. These findings highlight how the positive effects of family-focused universal interventions can extend to non-
targeted outcomes and the related potential public-health impact of scaling up these interventions. (copyright) 2011 Springer Science+Business Media,
LLC.
Journal of Youth & Adolescence, 41(6) : 788-801
- Year: 2012
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions