Disorders - Depressive Disorders
Iftene, F., Predescu, E., Stefan, S., David, D.
Major depressive disorder is a highly prevalent and debilitating condition in youth, so developing efficient treatments is a priority
for mental health professionals. Psychotherapy (i.e., cognitive behavioral therapy/CBT), pharmacotherapy (i.e., SSRI medication), and their
combination have been shown to be effective in treating youth depression; however, the results are still mixed and there are few studies engaging
multi-level analyses (i.e., subjective, cognitive, and biological). Therefore, the aims of this randomized control study (RCT) were both
theoretical-integrating psychological and biological markers of depression in a multi-level outcome analysis - and practical-testing the
generalizability of previous results on depressed Romanian youth population. Eighty-eight (N = 88) depressed Romanian youths were randomly allocated
to one of the three treatment arms: group Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)/CBT (i.e., a form of CBT), pharmacotherapy (i.e., sertraline), and
group REBT/CBT plus pharmacotherapy. The results showed that all outcomes (i.e., subjective, cognitive, and biological) significantly change from pre
to post-treatment under all treatment conditions at a similar rate and there were no significant differences among conditions at post-test. In case
of categorical analysis of the clinical response rate, we found a non-significant trend favoring group REBT/CBT therapy. Results of analyses
concerning outcome interrelations are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).
Psychiatry Research, 225(3) : 687-
694
- Year: 2015
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Biological Interventions
(any), Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), Antidepressants
(any), Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT), Other service delivery and improvement
interventions
Harrison, S. J., Tyrer, A. E., Levitan, R. D., Xu, X., Houle, S., Wilson, A. A., Nobrega, J. N., Rusjan, P.
M., Meyer, J. H.
Objective: To investigate the effects of light therapy on serotonin transporter binding (5-HTT
BPND), an index of 5-HTT levels, in the anterior cingulate and prefrontal cortices (ACC and PFC) of healthy individuals during the fall and winter.
Twenty-five per cent of healthy individuals experience seasonal mood changes that affect functioning. 5-HTT BPND has been found to be higher across
multiple brain regions in the fall and winter relative to spring and summer, and elevated 5-HTT BPND may lead to extracellular serotonin loss and low
mood. We hypothesized that, during the fall and winter, light therapy would reduce 5-HTT BPND in the ACC and PFC, which sample brain regions involved
in mood regulation. Method: In a single-blind, placebo-controlled, counterbalanced, crossover design, [11C]DASB positron emission tomography was used
measure 5-HTT BPND following light therapy and placebo conditions during fall and winter. Results: In winter, light therapy significantly decreased
5-HTT BPND by 12% in the ACC relative to placebo (F1,9 = 18.04, P = 0.002). In the fall, no significant change in 5-HTT BPND was found in any region
across conditions. Conclusion: These results identify, for the first time, a central biomarker associated with the intervention of light therapy in
humans which may be applied to further develop this treatment for prevention of seasonal depression.
Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 132(5) : 379-
388
- Year: 2015
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Bright light therapy
Hashemian, P., Sadjadi, S.
A.
Introduction: Major depression is one of the most common psychiatric disorders that is
with depressed mood and characterized by feelings of sadness, low self esteem and lack of interest or pleasure in daily activities. Objective: The
main aim of this article is comparison of efficacy of real neurofeedback therapy versus sham (unreal or placebo) in adolescents with major depressive
disorder in Iran, Mashhad. Material&Method: This study included 28 adolescents with major depression that were diagnosed by psychiatric interview
according to DSM -V and Hamilton scale. They were randomly divided into two groups. All patients were treated with 20 mg of fluoxetine. Half received
neurofeedback treatment on F3 region and the other half received unreal neurofeedback treatment or sham (placebo). Immediately after the 20th session
Hamilton test was conducted. Results: The efficacy of treatment with real and unreal neurofeedback on adolescents' depression shows difference in
scores. The differences between pre-test and post-test scores within each group and finally between the two groups were compared using independent
t-test. According to the results, the index calculated t (-0.9) is not significant. So there is no significant difference between real and unreal
neurofeedback effects. Conclusion: This study shows that real neurofeedback therapy was effective; but this efficacy was not significantly different
from unreal neurofeedback therapy in adolescent depression. This means that in F3 region, the effect of real neurofeedback therapy was not any
different from unreal neurofeedback on adolescents' depression. Experiments on other regions are suggested.
African Journal of Psychiatry (South Africa), 18(1) :
- Year: 2015
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Biofeedback, neurofeedback, audio/video feedback
Ginty, A. T., Conklin, S. M.
The current study examined the psychological effects of acute and low-dose long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated
fatty acids (LCPUFAs) supplementation on young adults with depressive symptoms. Participants (N = 23, M age (SD) = 20.2 (1.25), 78% female), with a
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) score of greater than 10, were randomly assigned to a placebo (corn oil) or LCPUFAs group (1.4g of eicosapentaenoic
and docosahexaeonic acids) and were instructed to consume the assigned capsules daily for 21-days. BDI was completed prior to supplementation and at
day 21. Group differences in depression status on day 21 were analyzed using chi-square tests. After 21-days of supplementation, there was a
significant difference in depression status between groups. 67% of the LCPUFAs no longer met criteria for being depressed, while only 20% in the
placebo group were no longer depressed. A mixed ANOVA revealed a significant group x time interaction for BDI scores. Post-hoc analyses revealed the
LCPFUAs group had a significant reduction in BDI scores over time, while the placebo group's scores did not significantly change. These findings
suggest that LCPUFAs may alter depression and depressive symptomology in young adults in a relatively short amount of time. (PsycINFO Database Record
(c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).
Psychiatry Research, 229(1-2) : 485-489
- Year: 2015
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Fish oil (Omega-3 fatty acids), Omega 3 fatty
acids (e.g. fish oil, flax oil)
Geisner, I. M., Varvil-Weld, L., Mittmann, A. J., Mallett, K., Turrisi, R.
College is a time of increased risk for problematic alcohol use and depressed mood. The
comorbidity of these conditions is well documented, but is less well understood, with few interventions designed to prevent or reduce the related
consequences. The current study evaluated a web-based personalized intervention for students (N = 311) who reported an AUDIT score of 8 or more, a
BDI-II score of 14 or more, and reported drinking four (women) or five (men) or more drinks on at least one occasion in the past month. Method:
Invited participants were randomly selected from all enrolled undergraduates at a large, public, Pacific Northwestern University. Participants
completed a screening and baseline assessment, and those who met study eligibility criteria were randomized to one of four conditions (alcohol only,
depressed mood only, integrated, and referral-only control). Follow-up occurred one-month post-intervention. Results: While no main effects for the
interventions were found, there were moderation effects, such that students in the alcohol only and integrated conditions who had lower levels of
depressed mood or alcohol-related problems at baseline showed greater reductions in alcohol-related problems at follow-up compared to students in the
control condition. Implications for interventions are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).
Addictive
Behaviors, 42 : 36-43
- Year: 2015
- Problem: Depressive Disorders, Alcohol
Use
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Psychoeducation, Skills training, Personalised feedback, normative feedback, Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)
Ferreira-Vorkapic, C., Feitoza, J. M., Marchioro, M., Simoes,
J., Kozasa, E., Telles, S.
Introduction. Yoga is a holistic system of varied mind-body practices that can be used to improve
mental and physical health and it has been utilized in a variety of contexts and situations. Educators and schools are looking to include yoga as a
cost-effective, evidence-based component of urgently needed wellness programs for their students. Objectives. The primary goal of this study was to
systematically examine the available literature for yoga interventions exclusively in school settings, exploring the evidence of yoga-based
interventions on academic, cognitive, and psychosocial benefits. Methods. An extensive search was conducted for studies published between 1980 and
October 31, 2014 (PubMed, PsycInfo, Embase, ISI, and the Cochrane Library). Effect size analysis, through standardized mean difference and Hedges'g,
allowed for the comparison between experimental conditions. Results and Conclusions. Nine randomized control trials met criteria for inclusion in
this review. Effect size was found for mood indicators, tension and anxiety in the POMS scale, self-esteem, and memory when the yoga groups were
compared to control. Future research requires greater standardization and suitability of yoga interventions for children.
Evidence-based Complementary & Alternative
Medicine, 2015 :
- Year: 2015
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Mind-body exercises (e.g. yoga, tai chi, qigong)
Ebert, D. D., Zarski, A-C., Christensen, H., Stikkelbroek, Y., Cuijpers, P., Berking, M., Riper, H.
Background: Anxiety and depression in children and adolescents are undertreated. Computer- and Internet-based cognitive behavioral
treatments (cCBT) may be an attractive treatment alternative to regular face-to-face treatment.This meta-analysis aims to evaluate whether cCBT is
effective for treating symptoms of anxiety and depression in youth.; Methods and Findings: We conducted systematic searches in bibliographical
databases (Pubmed, Cochrane controlled trial register, PsychInfo) up to December 4, 2013. Only randomized controlled trials in which a computer-,
Internet- or mobile-based cognitive behavioral intervention targeting either depression, anxiety or both in children or adolescents up to the age of
25 were compared to a control condition were selected. We employed a random-effects pooling model in overall effect analyses and a mixed effect model
for sub-group analyses. Searches resulted in identifying 13 randomized trials, including 796 children and adolescents that met inclusion criteria.
Seven studies were directed at treating anxiety, four studies at depression, and two were of a transdiagnostic nature, targeting both anxiety and
depression. The overall mean effect size (Hedges' g) of cCBT on symptoms of anxiety or depression at post-test was g=0.72 (95% CI:0.55-0.90, numbers
needed to be treated (NNT)=2.56). Heterogeneity was low (I²=20.14%, 95% CI: 0-58%). The superiority of cCBT over controls was evident for
interventions targeting anxiety (g=0.68; 95% CI: 0.45-0.92; p < .001; NNT=2.70) and for interventions targeting depression (g=0.76; 95% CI: 0.41-
0.12; p < .001; NNT=2.44) as well as for transdiagnostic interventions (g=0.94; 95% CI: 0.23-2.66; p < .001; NNT=2.60).; Conclusions: Results provide
evidence for the efficacy of cCBT in the treatment of anxiety and depressive symptoms in youth. Hence, such interventions may be a promising
treatment alternative when evidence based face-to-face treatment is not feasible. Future studies should examine long-term effects of treatments and
should focus on obtaining patient-level data from existing studies, to perform an individual patient data meta-analysis.;
PLoS ONE, 10(3) : e0119895-
e0119895
- Year: 2015
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention), Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT), Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)
Cristea, I. A., Mogoase, C., David, D., Cuijpers, P.
Background:
Despite accumulating research and bold claims about the efficacy of cognitive bias modification (CBM) for young populations, no meta-analysis has
attempted to synthesize the research literature so far. We examined whether there was empirical evidence for the clinical efficacy of CBM
interventions in youths, while also considering the methodological quality of this evidence.; Methods: Studies were identified through systematic
searches in bibliographical databases (PubMed, PsychInfo, Cochrane Library and EMBASE to June 2014). We included randomized controlled trials of CBM
interventions, and considered both clinical outcomes and targeted biases. We examined the quality of the trials, as well as potential publication
bias and possible moderators.; Results: We identified 23 trials that reported on four types of outcomes: mental health, anxiety, depression and bias.
Effect sizes were small and nonsignificant for all symptom outcomes considered. We found a moderate significant effect size for bias outcomes
(Hedges' g of 0.53), with significant heterogeneity. There were no differences between types of CBM interventions, or between one versus multiple-
session applications. A small but significant effect size for mental health problems arose when the intervention was delivered in schools. The
quality of almost all of the included studies was suboptimal and the vast majority did not include information needed for allowing quality
assessment.; Conclusions: We conducted the first meta-analysis of CBM interventions for children and adolescents and found no effects for mental
health outcomes, but we did find moderate and significant effects on the targeted biases. Our results cast serious doubts on CBM interventions having
any clinical utility for nonadult populations. Demand characteristics might play an important part in CBM research.; © 2015 Association for Child and
Adolescent Mental Health.
Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry & Allied
Disciplines, 56(7) : 723-734
- Year: 2015
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Universal prevention, At risk (indicated or selected prevention), Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Attention/cognitive bias
modification
Cleare, A., Pariante, C. M., Young, A.
H., Anderson, I. M., Christmas, D., Cowen, P. J., Dickens, C., Ferrier, I. N., Geddes, J., Gilbody, S., Haddad, P. M., Katona, C., Lewis, G., Malizia, A., McAllister-Williams, R.
H., Ramchandani, P., Scott, J., Taylor, D., Uher, R.
A revision of the 2008 British Association for Psychopharmacology evidence-based guidelines for treating depressive
disorders with antidepressants was undertaken in order to incorporate new evidence and to update the recommendations where appropriate. A consensus
meeting involving experts in depressive disorders and their management was held in September 2012. Key areas in treating depression were reviewed and
the strength of evidence and clinical implications were considered. The guidelines were then revised after extensive feedback from participants and
interested parties. A literature review is provided which identifies the quality of evidence upon which the recommendations are made. These
guidelines cover the nature and detection of depressive disorders, acute treatment with antidepressant drugs, choice of drug versus alternative
treatment, practical issues in prescribing and management, next-step treatment, relapse prevention, treatment of relapse and stopping treatment.
Significant changes since the last guidelines were published in 2008 include the availability of new antidepressant treatment options, improved
evidence supporting certain augmentation strategies (drug and non-drug), management of potential long-term side effects, updated guidance for
prescribing in elderly and adolescent populations and updated guidance for optimal prescribing. Suggestions for future research priorities are also
made.; © The Author(s) 2015.
Journal of Psychopharmacology, 29(5) : 459-
525
- Year: 2015
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Biological Interventions
(any), Antidepressants
(any)
Conley, C. S., Durlak, J. A., Kirsch, A. C.
This meta-analysis investigated the effectiveness of universal mental health prevention programs for higher
education students on a range of adjustment outcomes. A systematic literature search identified 103 controlled published and unpublished
interventions involving college, graduate, or professional students. As hypothesized, skill-training programs that included a supervised practice
component were significantly more effective overall (mean effect size?=?0.45, confidence interval (CI)?=?0.39 to 0.52) compared to skill-training
programs without supervised practice (0.11, CI?=?-0.01 to 0.22) and psychoeducational (information-only) programs (0.13, CI?=?0.06 to 0.21). When
comparisons on specific outcomes were possible, skill-training programs including supervised practice were significantly more effective than the
other two groups of programs in reducing symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress, and general psychological distress, and in improving social-
emotional skills, self-perceptions, and academic behaviors and performance. The magnitude of effects achieved in several outcome areas is comparable
to or higher than that reported in other reviews of universal programs, suggesting that skill-training programs for higher education students that
incorporate supervised practice now join the ranks of other effective preventive mental health interventions. This review offers several
recommendations to improve the experimental rigor of future research.
Prevention Science, 16(4) : 487-
507
- Year: 2015
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any)
Emslie, G. J., Kennard, B. D., Mayes, T. L., Nakonezny, P. A., Moore, J., Jones, J. M., Foxwell, A. A., King, J.
Objective: To evaluate the continued effect of a sequential treatment strategy (fluoxetine followed by
continued medication plus relapse prevention cognitive-behavioral therapy [RP-CBT]) on relapse prevention beyond the treatment phase. Method: Youth
(aged 8-17 years) with major depressive disorder (MDD) were treated with fluoxetine for 6 weeks. Responders (> 50% reduction on the Children's
Depression Rating Scale-Revised [CDRS-R]) were randomized to continued medication management alone (MM) or continued medication management plus RP-
CBT (MM + CBT) for an additional 6 months. Long-term follow-up assessments were conducted at weeks 52 and 78. Results: Of 144 youth randomized to MM
(n = 69) or MM+CBT (n = 75), 67% had at least 1 follow-up assessment, with equal rates in the 2 groups. Remission rates were high, although most had
remitted during the 30-week treatment period. Only 6 additional participants remitted during long-term follow-up, and there were no differences on
time to remission between MM+CBT and MM. The MM+CBT group had a significantly lower risk of relapse than the MM group throughout the 78-week follow-
up period (hazard ratio = 0.467, 95% CI = 0.264 to 0.823; chi2 = 6.852, p = .009). The estimated probability of relapse during the 78-week period was
lower with MM + CBT than MM only (36% versus 62%). Mean time to relapse was also significantly longer with MM+CBT compared to MM alone by
approximately 3 months (p = .007). Conclusion: The addition of RP-CBT after acute response to medication management had a continued effect on
reducing risk of relapse even after the end of treatment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).
Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 54(12) : 991-
998
- Year: 2015
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Relapse prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Biological Interventions
(any), Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT)
Dietz, L. J., Weinberg, R. J., Brent, D. A., Mufson, L.
Objective: To conduct a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the
preliminary efficacy of family-based interpersonal psychotherapy (FB-IPT) for treating depression in preadolescents (aged 7-12 years) as compared to
child-centered therapy (CCT), a supportive and nondirective treatment that closely approximates the standard of care for pediatric depression in
community mental health. Method: Preadolescents with depression (N = 42) were randomly assigned FB-IPT or CCT. Pre- and posttreatment assessments
included clinician-administered measures of depression, parent- and child-reported depression and anxiety symptoms, and parent-child conflict and
interpersonal impairment with peers. Results: Preadolescents receiving FB-IPT had higher rates of remission (66.0% versus 31%), a greater decrease in
depressive symptoms from pre- to posttreatment, and lower depressive symptoms at posttreatment (R2 = 0.35, DELTAR2 = 0.22; B = -8.15, SE = 2.61, t
[37] = -3.13, p = .002, F2 = 0.28) than did preadolescents with depression receiving CCT. Furthermore, preadolescents in the FB-IPT condition
reported significant reductions in anxiety and interpersonal impairment compared with preadolescents in the CCT condition. Changes in social and peer
impairment from pre- to posttreatment were associated with preadolescents' posttreatment depressive symptoms. There was a significant indirect
effect for decreased social impairment accounting for the association between the FB-IPT and preadolescents' posttreatment depressive symptoms.
Conclusion: Findings indicate FB-IPT is an effective treatment for preadolescent depression and support further investigation of interpersonal
mechanisms by which FB-IPT may reduce preadolescent depression. Clinical trial registration information-Phase II Study of Family Based Interpersonal
Psychotherapy (FB-IPT) for Depressed Preadolescents; http://clinicaltrials.gov; NCT02054312. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2015 APA, all rights
reserved) (journal abstract).
Journal of the American Academy of Child &
Adolescent Psychiatry, 54(3) : 191-199
- Year: 2015
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Interpersonal therapy (IPT), Other Psychological Interventions