Disorders - depressive disorders
Pang, N. T. P., Tio, V. C. S., Singh, A. S. B., Tseu, M. W. L., Shoesmith, W. D., Rahim, M. A. A., Kassim, M. A. M.
Introduction: COVID-19
has trickle-down psychological effects on multiple strata of society, particularly university students. Apart from the worry of contracting or
spreading COVID-19, Malaysian university students were also locked down on their campuses, suffering significant psychological distress. Hence, an
online mindfulness intervention was proposed to alleviate psychological distress and improve psychological flexibility and mindfulness. Method(s):
This was a quasi-experimental study with university students as participants. Intervention group participants were instructed to complete online
questionnaires which covered basic demographics and instruments assessing depression, anxiety, stress, mindfulness, psychological flexibility, and
fear of COVID-19 before and after the one-hour intervention. The control group also completed before and after questionnaires and were subsequently
crossed over to the intervention group. Repeated measures ANOVA was conducted to assess time*group effects. Result(s): 118 participants were involved
in this study. There were significant differences in anxiety (F(1,116) = 34.361, p < 0.001, partial eta-squared = 0.229) and psychological
flexibility between the two groups (F(1,116) = 11.010, p = 0.001, partial eta-squared = 0.087), while there were no differences in
depression, stress, mindfulness, or fear of COVID-19. Conclusion(s): The results of this study corroborate the efficacy of online single-session
mindfulness therapy as a viable short-term psychological intervention under financial and time constraints. Since university students are in the age
group with the highest incidence of depressive and anxiety disorders, it is crucial to utilize resources to address as many students as possible to
ensure maximum benefit. Copyright © 2022, Sociedade de Psiquiatria do Rio Grande do Sul. All rights reserved.
Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 44 (no
pagination) :
- Year: 2022
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Mindfulness based
therapy, Acceptance & commitment therapy
(ACT), Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)
Ozturk,
F. O., Tekkas-Kerman, K.
BACKGROUND: Nursing
students experienced mental symptoms when they switched to distance education due to the pandemic. AIMS: This study was conducted to evaluate the
effects of online laughter therapy sessions on depression, anxiety, stress, and loneliness levels in first-year nursing students. METHOD(S): In this
randomized controlled trial, 61 healthy nursing students were randomly assigned to intervention (n = 32) and control groups (n = 29). The
intervention group received online laughter therapy twice weekly for four weeks. The control group received no intervention. The data were collected
using a demographic questionnaire, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, and the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale at the study initiation and week
four in both groups. RESULT(S): There was no difference between the mean scores of the groups in the pre-test (p > 0.05). There was a statistically
significant difference between groups in terms of depression after online laughter therapy sessions (p < 0.05), but there was no significant
difference between anxiety, stress, and loneliness levels (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION(S): Online laughter therapy sessions significantly reduced
depression but had no effect on anxiety, stress, and loneliness. During the COVID-19 pandemic, online laughter therapy can be organized to reduce
depression levels. Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
, 41 : 271-
276
- Year: 2022
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention, At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Service Delivery & Improvement, Other complementary & alternative
interventions, Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)
Owens, M., Bunce, H. L. I.
Novel approaches for children and young people (CYP) in the prevention and intervention of mental
illness are needed and nature-based interventions (NBI) may be clinically useful. This proof-of-principle study tested the effects of a novel brief
nature-based meditation on rumination, depressive symptoms and wellbeing in young people. Sixty-eight university students were randomised to one of
three conditions: active control (n = 23), indoor meditation (n = 22) or nature-based meditation (n = 23). Participants completed self-report
measures on state and trait rumination post intervention and depression and wellbeing at a 2-week follow-up. Depressive rumination significantly
decreased post intervention in the nature condition and depressive symptoms improved for both intervention groups. Wellbeing only significantly
improved at follow-up in the nature condition. Nature condition participants demonstrated one minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for
wellbeing at follow-up. Depressive symptoms for this condition were below the clinically significant threshold for depression. The number needed to
treat (NNT) analysis suggested that two to five young people would need to complete the intervention. Preliminary evidence suggests NBIs, such as the
one in the present study, can reduce depressive rumination and symptoms and improve wellbeing. Replication with larger clinical samples is required
to substantiate findings.
International Journal of Environmental Research & Public Health [Electronic
Resource], 19(15) : 26
- Year: 2022
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Psychological Interventions
(any), Mindfulness based
therapy, Meditation, Other complementary & alternative
interventions
Omkarappa, D. B., Rentala, S., Nattala, P.
BACKGROUND Parental drinking has a direct bearing on children. Behavioral problems such
as anxiety and depression are common problems among children whose parents drink heavily. Psychosocial interventions have shown promising results for
anxiety and depression among children; however, few studies have been conducted in the context of children of parents with alcohol dependence in
India. AIM To evaluate the efficacy of psychosocial intervention for internalizing behavioral problems among children of parents with alcohol
dependence. METHODS A randomized controlled trial with a 2 x 4 factorial design was adopted with longitudinal measurement of outcomes for 6 mo. Two-
hundred and eleven children who met the eligibility criteria (at least one parent with alcohol dependence) at government high schools in Bangalore,
India, were randomized to the experimental (n = 97) or control group (n = 98). The psychosocial intervention was administered to the experimental
group in eight sessions (biweekly) over 4 wk after baseline assessment. The intervention focused on identifying and modifying negative thoughts,
replacing thinking errors with realistic alternatives, modification of maladaptive behavior, developing adaptive coping skills and building self-
esteem. The data was collected pre-intervention and at 1, 3 and 6 mo after the intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS 28.0 version. RESULTS Mean
age of the children was 14.68 +/- 0.58 years, 60.5% were male, 56% were studying in 9th standard, 70.75% were from nuclear families, and mean family
monthly income was 9588.1 +/- 3135.2 INR. Mean duration of parental alcohol dependence was 7.52 +/- 2.94 years and the father was the alcohol-
consuming parent. The findings showed that there were significant psychosocial intervention effects in terms of decreasing anxiety and depression
scores, and increasing selfesteem level among experimental group subjects over the 6-mo interval, when compared with the control group (P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated that the psychosocial intervention was effective in reducing anxiety and depression, and increasing self-
esteem among children of parents with alcohol dependence. The study recommends the need for ongoing psychosocial intervention for these children.
Copyright © The Author(s) 2022. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
, 10(16) : 5306-5316
- Year: 2022
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT)
Noah, L., Morel, V., Bertin, C., Pouteau, E., Macian, N., Duale, C., Pereira, B., Pickering, G.
The
effect of a combination of magnesium, vitamins B6, B9, B12, rhodiola and green tea/L-theanine (Mg-Teadiola) on stress was evaluated in chronically
stressed, otherwise healthy individuals. Effects on stress-related quality-of-life parameters (sleep and perception of pain) were also explored.
Adults with stress for >=1 month, scoring >=14 points on the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS)-42 questionnaire, were randomized (1:1) to
receive oral Mg-Teadiola (n = 49) or a placebo (n = 51), for 28 days, with a follow-up assessment on Day 56 (NCT04391452). The primary endpoint was
the change in the DASS-42 stress score from baseline to Day 28 with Mg-Teadiola versus placebo. The DASS-42 stress scores significantly decreased
from baseline to Day 28 with Mg-Teadiola versus placebo (effect size, 0.29; 95% CI [0.01, 0.57]; p = 0.04). Similar reductions were observed on Day
14 (p = 0.006) and Day 56 (p = 0.02). A significant reduction in sensitivity to cold pain (p = 0.01) and a trend for lower sensitivity to warm pain
was observed (p = 0.06) on Day 28. Improvements in daytime dysfunction due to sleepiness (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index-7 component score) were
reported on Day 28, and were significant on Day 56 (p < 0.001). Mg-Teadiola is effective in managing stress in otherwise healthy individuals. Its
beneficial effects on sleep and pain perception need further investigation. Copyright © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Nutrients, 14(9) (no
pagination) :
- Year: 2022
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Homeopathic, plant-based medicines, Vitamins and supplements
Niederhauser, M., Zueger, R., Sefidan,
S., Annen, H., Brand, S., Sadeghi-Bahmani, D.
Resilience is understood as an
acquired skill which aids in coping with acute and chronic stress. Accordingly, the present study aimed to determine the effect of resilience
training on mental health problems during chronic stress. To this end, we conducted a quasi-experimental study with 127 male cadets (mean age: 21
years) of the Swiss Armed Forces officers' school. Whereas the intervention group (IG) received resilience training in addition to the standard
officer's education program, the control group (CG) completed the officers' school as usual. Data assessment included pre-and post-measurement of
chronic stress, symptoms of depression, and vital exhaustion in both groups. Motivation for training was collected before the first training session.
Those who received the resilience training reported no change in chronic stress, whereas participants in the CG showed a significant increase in
chronic stress over time (etap2 = 0.025). Furthermore, significant differences between IG and CG were only found for symptoms
of depression: Participants in the IG reported significantly decreased symptoms of depression, while this was not the case for participants in the
CG. Within the IG, participants' training motivation strongly influenced the effectiveness of the resilience training. More specifically, motivated
individuals were more likely to benefit from the resilience training than unmotivated ones. Outcome data suggest that resilience training appeared to
favorably affect chronic stress and related mental health symptoms; however, the motivation for the training seemed to be an essential prerequisite.
Copyright © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public
Health, 19(10) (no pagination) :
- Year: 2022
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Skills training, Other Psychological Interventions
Nicol, G., Wang, R., Graham, S., Dodd, S., Garbutt, J.
BACKGROUND: Symptoms of depression and anxiety, suicidal ideation, and self-harm have escalated among adolescents to crisis levels
during the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, primary care providers (PCPs) are often called on to provide first-line care for these youth. Digital
health interventions can extend mental health specialty care, but few are evidence based. We evaluated the feasibility of delivering an evidence-
based mobile health (mHealth) app with an embedded conversational agent to deliver cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to symptomatic adolescents
presenting in primary care settings during the pandemic.\rOBJECTIVE: In this 12-week pilot study, we evaluated the feasibility of delivering the
app-based intervention to adolescents aged 13 to 17 years with moderate depressive symptoms who were treated in a practice-based research network
(PBRN) of academically affiliated primary care clinics. We also obtained preliminary estimates of app acceptability, effectiveness, and usability.
\rMETHODS: This small, pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) evaluated depressive symptom severity in adolescents randomized to the app or to a
wait list control condition. The primary end point was depression severity at 4-weeks, measured by the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9).
Data on acceptability, feasibility, and usability were collected from adolescents and their parent or legal guardian. Qualitative interviews were
conducted with 13 PCPs from 11 PBRN clinics to identify facilitators and barriers to incorporating mental health apps in treatment planning for
adolescents with depression and anxiety.\rRESULTS: The pilot randomized 18 participants to the app (n=10, 56%) or to a wait list control condition
(n=8, 44%); 17 participants were included in the analysis, and 1 became ineligible upon chart review due to lack of eligibility based on documented
diagnosis. The overall sample was predominantly female (15/17, 88%), White (15/17, 88%), and privately insured (15/17, 88%). Mean PHQ-9 scores at 4
weeks decreased by 3.3 points in the active treatment group (representing a shift in mean depression score from moderate to mild symptom severity
categories) and 2 points in the wait list control group (no shift in symptom severity category). Teen- and parent-reported usability, feasibility,
and acceptability of the app was high. PCPs reported preference for introducing mHealth interventions like the one in this study early in the course
of care for individuals presenting with mild or moderate symptoms.\rCONCLUSIONS: In this small study, we demonstrated the feasibility, acceptability,
usability, and safety of using a CBT-based chatbot for adolescents presenting with moderate depressive symptoms in a network of PBRN-based primary
care clinics. This pilot study could not establish effectiveness, but our results suggest that further study in a larger pediatric population is
warranted. Future study inclusive of rural, socioeconomically disadvantaged, and underrepresented communities is needed to establish generalizability
of effectiveness and identify implementation-related adaptations needed to promote broader uptake in pediatric primary care.\rTRIAL REGISTRATION:
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04603053; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04603053.
JMIR Formative
Research, 6(11) : e40242
- Year: 2022
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT), Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)
Nagamitsu, S., Kanie, A., Sakashita, K., Sakuta, R., Okada, A., Matsuura, K., Ito, M., Katayanagi, A., Katayama, T., Otani, R., Kitajima, T., Matsubara, N., Inoue, T., Tanaka, C., Fujii, C., Shigeyasu, Y., Ishii, R., Sakai, S., Matsuoka, M., Kakuma, T., Yamashita, Y., Horikoshi, M.
BACKGROUND: Adolescent health promotion is important in preventing risk behaviors and
improving mental health. Health promotion during adolescence has been shown to contribute to the prevention of late onset of the mental health
disease. However, scalable interventions have not been established yet.\rOBJECTIVE: This study was designed to test the efficacy of two adolescent
health promotion interventions: a well-care visit (WCV) with a risk assessment interview and counseling and self-monitoring with a smartphone
cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) app. Our hypothesis was that participants who had received both WCV and the CBT app would have better outcomes
than those who had received only WCV or those who had not received any intervention. We conducted a prospective multi-institutional randomized
controlled trial.\rMETHODS: Participants were 217 adolescents aged 13-18 years. They were randomly divided into two intervention groups (WCV group
and WCV with CBT app group) and a nonintervention group. WCV comprised a standardized physical examination along with a structured interview and
counseling for youth risk assessment, which was designed with reference to the Guideline for Health Supervision of Adolescents of Bright Futures. A
smartphone-based CBT program was developed based on the CBT approach. The CBT app comprised a 1-week psychoeducation component and a 1-week self-
monitoring component. During the CBT program, participants created several self-monitoring sheets based on the CBT model with five window panels:
event, thoughts, feelings, body response, and actions. The primary outcome was the change in scores for depressive symptoms. Secondary outcomes
included changes in scores for self-esteem, quality of life, self-monitoring, and an adolescent health promotion scale. These outcomes were evaluated
at baseline and at 1, 2, and 4 months after baseline. The exploratory outcome was the presence of suicidal ideation during the observation period.
Intervention effects were estimated using mixed effect models.\rRESULTS: In total, 94% (204/217) of the participants completed the 4-month
evaluation. Both intervention groups showed a significant effect in the form of reduced scores for depressive symptoms at 1 month in high school
students; however, these effects were not observed at 2 and 4 months. The intervention effect was significantly more predominant in those scoring
above cutoff for depressive symptoms. There was significantly less suicidal ideation in the intervention groups. As for secondary outcomes, there was
significant increase in health promotion scale scores at the 4-month follow-up among junior high school students in the WCV group. Moreover, the CBT
app was significantly effective in terms of obtaining self-monitoring skills and reducing depressive symptoms.\rCONCLUSIONS: Although adolescent
health promotion interventions may have short-term benefits, the frequency of WCV and further revision of the CBT app should be considered to
evaluate long-term effectiveness.\rTRIAL REGISTRATION: University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry UMIN 000036343;
https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000041246.
JMIR mHealth and
uHealth, 10(5) : e34154
- Year: 2022
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT), Psychoeducation, Other Psychological Interventions, Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)
Murphy, J., Sweeney, M. R., McGrane, B.
Objective: To
examine the impact of a self-determination theory-informed school-based lunchtime games intervention on wellbeing and symptoms of anxiety and
depression among adolescent girls in Ireland. Design(s): Non-randomised controlled intervention design. Method(s): This self-determination theory-
informed intervention consisted of lunchtime games for girls aged 13 +/- 0.7 years, 3 days a week. After a 2-week 'sampling' period, students
self-selected to 0, 1, 2 or 3 days of lunchtime games. Intervention and control groups were compared by pre- and post-testing. Participants were
included in the intervention design via a survey to ascertain the most popular games and activities at the outset. Result(s): Participating in games
twice a week led to significant decreases (p <.01) in symptoms of anxiety and depression while the control group showed significant increases (p
<.01) in symptoms of anxiety and depression. Mental wellbeing significantly (p <.01) increased among those who participated two and three times a
week. Increases in mental wellbeing were similar in effect size to increases in self-efficacy. Conclusion(s): Higher frequencies of physical activity
led to increased mental health. Self-efficacy may act as an underlying mechanism for increases in mental health through physical activity. Copyright
© The Author(s) 2022.
, 81(4) : 463-
478
- Year: 2022
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Physical activity, exercise
Montero-Marin, J., Allwood, M., Ball, S., Crane, C., De Wilde, K., Hinze, V., Jones, B., Lord, L., Nuthall, E., Raja, A., Taylor, L., Tudor, K., Blakemore, S. J., Byford, S., Dalgleish, T., Ford, T., Greenberg, M. T., Ukoumunne, O. C., Williams, J. M. G., Kuyken, W.
BACKGROUND:
Preventing mental health problems in early adolescence is a priority. School-based mindfulness training (SBMT) is an approach with mixed evidence.
\rOBJECTIVES: To explore for whom SBMT does/does not work and what influences outcomes.\rMETHODS: The My Resilience in Adolescence was a parallel-
group, cluster randomised controlled trial (K=84 secondary schools; n=8376 students, age: 11-13) recruiting schools that provided standard social-
emotional learning. Schools were randomised 1:1 to continue this provision (control/teaching as usual (TAU)), and/or to offer SBMT ('.b'
(intervention)). Risk of depression, social-emotional-behavioural functioning and well-being were measured at baseline, preintervention, post
intervention and 1 year follow-up. Hypothesised moderators, implementation factors and mediators were analysed using mixed effects linear
regressions, instrumental variable methods and path analysis.\rFINDINGS: SBMT versus TAU resulted in worse scores on risk of depression and well-
being in students at risk of mental health problems both at post intervention and 1-year follow-up, but differences were small and not clinically
relevant. Higher dose and reach were associated with worse social-emotional-behavioural functioning at postintervention. No implementation factors
were associated with outcomes at 1-year follow-up. Pregains-postgains in mindfulness skills and executive function predicted better outcomes at 1-
year follow-up, but the SBMT was unsuccessful to teach these skills with clinical relevance.SBMT as delivered in this trial is not indicated as a
universal intervention. Moreover, it may be contraindicated for students with existing/emerging mental health symptoms.\rCLINICAL IMPLICATIONS:
Universal SBMT is not recommended in this format in early adolescence. Future research should explore social-emotional learning programmes adapted to
the unique needs of young people.
Evidence Based Mental Health, 12 : 12
- Year: 2022
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention, At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Mindfulness based
therapy
Mizzi, A. L., McKinnon, M. C., Becker, S.
Introduction: Physical activity has beneficial effects on mood in both
healthy and clinical populations. Emerging literature suggests that physical activity may benefit psychological symptoms, such as depressive mood, in
those with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It is estimated that 76% of Canadians have experienced a traumatic event during their lifetime (Van
Ameringen et al., 2008). Thus, there is a large proportion of the population that does not meet criteria for PTSD but may still suffer from trauma-
related symptoms such as depression and require support for their mental health. The current pilot study aimed to evaluate the impact of an aerobic
exercise intervention on mood symptoms in trauma-exposed young adults. Method(s): Twenty-five low active young adults with subclinical trauma
symptoms but no current or past diagnosis of PTSD were recruited. Participants were randomly assigned to participate in an 8-week exercise
intervention group or a waitlist control group. Mood symptoms were assessed before and after the intervention. In addition, measures of aerobic
fitness, trauma symptoms, emotion regulation, and trait mindfulness were assessed at both time points. Result(s): The exercise intervention was
effective at inducing the expected improvements in aerobic fitness. Overall, the exercise group had a significantly greater decrease in mood symptoms
across the intervention compared to the waitlist control group. Conclusion(s): The current pilot study is the first to evaluate the impact of aerobic
exercise on mood in trauma-exposed young adults. An 8-week intervention significantly reduced mood symptoms in exercisers relative to waitlist
controls. Our results are consistent with previous research indicating that physical activity reduced depressive symptoms in those with PTSD
(Rosenbaum et al., 2015b). Importantly, we extend these findings to individuals with subclinical or undiagnosed PTSD symptoms, where exercise may be
an effective intervention to improve mood and manage or prevent further decline in mental health in those at risk of developing PTSD. Copyright ©
2022 Mizzi, McKinnon and Becker.
, 16 (no pagination) :
- Year: 2022
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Physical activity, exercise
Mirabito, G., Verhaeghen, P.
OBJECTIVE: To examine
whether a remote, online, group-based mindfulness intervention results in effects during the COVID-19 pandemic. PARTICIPANTS: 111 college students:
58 in the intervention group, 53 in a waitlist control group. METHOD(S): Randomized control trial (RCT) using a 4-week Koru Mindfulness program,
investigating pre-to-posttest changes in the intervention group compared to time-yoked control participants. RESULT(S): Average effect size for all
21 variables measured was 0.48. The intervention produced significant benefits for mindfulness, rumination, worry, mood, stress, anxiety, three out
of six aspects of psychological wellbeing (Autonomy, Environmental mastery, Self-acceptance) and physical activity. No significant effect was noted
for depression (d=0.33) or sleep (d = -0.13), and three aspects of psychological wellbeing (Personal growth, Positive relationships, Purpose in
life). CONCLUSION(S): A remote, online, group-based mindfulness program yielded benefits on stress, anxiety, and mood in college students, even under
the dire circumstances of a pandemic.
Journal of American college health : J of ACH, : 1-
8
- Year: 2022
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention, At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Mindfulness based
therapy, Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)