Disorders - depressive disorders
McNamara, R. K., Jandacek, R., Rider, T., Tso, P., Chu, W. J., Weber, W. A., Welge, J. A., Strawn, J. R., Adler, C. M., DelBello, M. P.
Objective: To use proton magnetic resonance
spectroscopy (1H MRS) to investigate the effects of fish oil (FO) supplementation on cortical metabolite concentrations in adolescents
with major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods: Metabolite concentrations were determined by 1H MRS in the anterior cingulate cortex and
bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) of adolescents with MDD before and following 10-week open-label supplementation with low (2.4 g/day,
n = 7) or high (16.2 g/day, n = 7) dose FO. Depressive symptom severity scores and erythrocyte fatty acid levels were also determined. Results:
Baseline erythrocyte eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) composition was positively correlated, and arachidonic acid (AA) and the AA/EPA ratio were inversely
correlated, with choline (Cho) concentrations in the right DLPFC. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) composition was inversely correlated with myo-inositol
(mI) concentrations in the left DLPFC. Erythrocyte EPA and DHA composition increased, and AA decreased, significantly following low-dose and high-
dose FO supplementation. In the intent-to-treat sample, depressive symptom severity scores decreased significantly in the high-dose group (-40%, P <
0.0001) and there was a trend in the low-dose group (-20%, P = 0.06). There were no significant baseline-endpoint changes in metabolite levels in
each voxel. In the low-dose group there were changes with large effect sizes, including a decrease in mI in the left DLPFC (-12%, P = 0.18, d = 0.8)
and increases in glutamate + glutamine (Glx) (+12%, P = 0.19, d = 0.8) and Cho (+15%, P = 0.08, d = 1.2) in the right DLPFC. In the high-dose group,
there was a trend for increases in Cho in the right DLPFC (+10%, P = 0.09, d = 1.2). Discussion: These preliminary data suggest that increasing the
LCn-3 fatty acid status of adolescent MDD patients is associated with subtle changes in Glx, mI, and Cho concentrations in the DLPFC that warrant
further evaluation in a larger controlled trial. Copyright © 2016 W. S. Maney & Son Ltd 2016.
Nutritional
Neuroscience, 19(4) : 145-155
- Year: 2016
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Fish oil (Omega-3 fatty acids), Omega 3 fatty
acids (e.g. fish oil, flax oil)
Macdonald, G., Livingstone, N., Hanratty, J., McCartan, C., Cotmore, R., Cary, M., Glaser, D., Byford,
S., Welton, N. J., Bosqui, T., Bowes, L., Audrey, S., Mezey, G., Fisher, H. L., Riches, W., Churchill, R.
Background: Child maltreatment is a substantial social problem that affects large numbers of children and young
people in the UK, resulting in a range of significant short- and long-term psychosocial problems. Objectives: To synthesise evidence of the
effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and acceptability of interventions addressing the adverse consequences of child maltreatment. Study design: For
effectiveness, we included any controlled study. Other study designs were considered for economic decision modelling. For acceptability, we included
any study that asked participants for their views. Participants: Children and young people up to 24 years 11 months, who had experienced maltreatment
before the age of 17 years 11 months. Interventions: Any psychosocial intervention provided in any setting aiming to address the consequences of
maltreatment. Main outcome measures: Psychological distress [particularly post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression and anxiety, and self-
harm], behaviour, social functioning, quality of life and acceptability. Methods: Young Persons and Professional Advisory Groups guided the project,
which was conducted in accordance with Cochrane Collaboration and NHS Centre for Reviews and Dissemination guidance. Departures from the published
protocol were recorded and explained. Meta-analyses and costeffectiveness analyses of available data were undertaken where possible. Results: We
identified 198 effectiveness studies (including 62 randomised trials); six economic evaluations (five using trial data and one decision-analytic
model); and 73 studies investigating treatment acceptability. Pooled data on cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) for sexual abuse suggested post-
treatment reductions in PTSD [standardised mean difference (SMD) -0.44 (95% CI -4.43 to -1.53)], depression [mean difference -2.83 (95% CI -4.53 to
-1.13)] and anxiety [SMD -0.23 (95% CI -0.03 to -0.42)]. No differences were observed for post-treatment sexualised behaviour, externalising
behaviour, behaviour management skills of parents, or parental support to the child. Findings from attachment-focused interventions suggested
improvements in secure attachment [odds ratio 0.14 (95% CI 0.03 to 0.70)] and reductions in disorganised behaviour [SMD 0.23 (95% CI 0.13 to 0.42)],
but no differences in avoidant attachment or externalising behaviour. Few studies addressed the role of caregivers, or the impact of the therapist-
child relationship. Economic evaluations suffered methodological limitations and provided conflicting results. As a result, decision-analytic
modelling was not possible, but cost-effectiveness analysis using effectiveness data from meta-analyses was undertaken for the most promising
intervention: CBT for sexual abuse. Analyses of the cost-effectiveness of CBT were limited by the lack of cost data beyond the cost of CBT itself.
Conclusions: It is not possible to draw firm conclusions about which interventions are effective for children with different maltreatment profiles,
which are of no benefit or are harmful, and which factors encourage people to seek therapy, accept the offer of therapy and actively engage with
therapy. Little is known about the cost-effectiveness of alternative interventions. Copyright © Queen's Printer and Controller of HMSO 2016.
Health Technology
Assessment, 20(69) :
- Year: 2016
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Depressive Disorders
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention), Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any)
MacQueen, G. M., Frey, B. N., Ismail, Z., Jaworska, N., Steiner, M., Lieshout, R. J. V., Kennedy, S. H., Lam, R. W., Milev, R. V., Parikh, S. V., Ravindran, A. V.
Background: The Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety
Treatments (CANMAT) conducted a revision of the 2009 guidelines by updating the evidence and recommendations. The scope of the 2016 guidelines
remains the management of major depressive disorder (MDD) in adults, with a target audience of psychiatrists and other mental health professionals.
Methods: Using the question-answer format, we conducted a systematic literature search focusing on systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Evidence was
graded using CANMAT-defined criteria for level of evidence. Recommendations for lines of treatment were based on the quality of evidence and clinical
expert consensus. This section on \"Special Populations\" is the sixth of six guidelines articles. Results: Recent studies inform the treatment of
MDD in children and adolescents, pregnant and breastfeeding women, women in perimenopause or menopause, and the elderly. Evidence for efficacy of
treatments in these populations is more limited than for the general adult population, however, and risks of treatment in these groups are often
poorly studied and reported. Conclusions: Despite the limited evidence base, extant data and clinical experience suggest that each of these special
populations can benefit from the systematic application of treatment guidelines for treatment of MDD. Copyright © The Author(s) 2016.
Canadian Journal of
Psychiatry, 61(9) : 588-603
- Year: 2016
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention), Disorder established (diagnosed disorder), Treatment resistant/treatment refractory
-
Treatment and intervention: Biological Interventions
(any), Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Psychological Interventions
(any)
Murota, M., Iwawaki, Y., Uebaba, K., Yamamoto, Y., Takishita, Y., Harada, K., Shibata, A., Narumoto, J., Fukui, K.
Objective: To clarify the physical and psychological effects of head massage performed in the
supine position using Ayurveda-based techniques (head treatment). Design: Twenty-four healthy female students were included in the study. Using a
crossover study design, the same participants were enrolled in both the head treatment intervention group and control group. There was an interval of
1 week or more between measurements. Outcome measures: The physiologic indices measured included blood pressure and heart rate fluctuations (high
frequency and low frequency/high frequency). The psychological markers measured included liveliness, depression, and boredom using the visual
analogue scale method. State anxiety was measured using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory method. Results: The parasympathetic nerve activity
increased immediately after head treatment. Upon completion of head treatment, the parasympathetic nerve predominance tended to gradually ease. Head
treatment boosted freshness and relieved anxiety. Conclusions: The results suggest that head treatment has a relaxing and refreshing effect and may
be used to provide comfort. Copyright © Masako Murota et al., 2016; Published by Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 22(7) : 526-
532
- Year: 2016
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Massage
Ooi, C. S., Rooney, R.
M., Roberts, C., Kane, R. T., Wright, B., Chatzisarantis,
N.
Background: Preventative and treatment programs for people at risk of developing
psychological problems after exposure to war trauma have mushroomed in the last decade. However, there is still much contention about evidence-based
and culturally sensitive interventions for children. The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of the Teaching Recovery Techniques in
improving the emotional and behavioral outcomes of war-affected children resettled in Australia. Methods and Findings: A cluster randomized
controlled trial with pre-test, post-test, and 3-month follow-up design was employed. A total of 82 participants (aged 10-17 years) were randomized
by school into the 8-week intervention (n = 45) or the waiting list (WL) control condition (n = 37). Study outcomes included symptoms of post-
traumatic stress disorder, depression, internalizing and externalizing problems, as well as psychosocial functioning. A medium intervention effect
was found for depression symptoms. Participants in the intervention condition experienced a greater symptom reduction than participants in the WL
control condition, F(1, 155) = 5.20, p = 0.024, partial eta2 = 0.07. This improvement was maintained at the 3-month follow-up, F(2, 122) = 7.24, p =
0.001, partial eta2 = 0.20. Conclusions: These findings suggest the potential benefit of the school and group-based intervention on depression
symptoms but not on other outcomes, when compared to a waiting list control group. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
Frontiers in Psychology Vol 7 2016, ArtID 1641, 7 :
- Year: 2016
- Problem: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT)
Panahi, F., Faramarzi, M.
Objective: Little research has been done regarding the role of psychotherapy in the treatment of Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS).
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) on the PMS symptoms and depression and anxiety symptoms
in women with PMS. Design. In a randomized controlled trial, a total of 60 students at Mazandaran University with mild to moderate PMS who had
depressive symptoms (Beck depression scores 16-47) were randomly allocated to either an experimental (n = 30) or a control (n = 30) group. The
experimental group received MBCT in eight group sessions (120 min each) over 8 weeks. The control group received no intervention. All participants
completed the Premenstrual Assessment Scale (PAS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) at the beginning and the end of
the study. Repeated-measure ANOVA was used to analyze the data. Results: At the end of study, the experimental and control groups showed the
following scores, respectively (mean +/- SD): depression, 15.73 +/- 6.99 and 25.36 +/- 7.14; anxiety, 16.96 +/- 7.78 and 26.60 +/- 9.38; and total
PAS, 42.86 +/- 8.02 and 58.93 +/- 8.47. MBCT improved depression and anxiety symptoms and total PAS score. Conclusion: MBCT intervention is
acceptable and potentially beneficial in women with PMS symptoms. Psychotherapy should be considered as a treatment option for mild to moderate PMS
in women with depressive symptoms. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
Depression Research and Treatment Vol 2016 2016, ArtID
9816481, 2016 :
- Year: 2016
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention), Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT), Mindfulness based
therapy
Parker, A. G., Hetrick, S. E., Jorm, A. F., Mackinnon, A. J., McGorry, P. D., Yung, A. R., Scanlan,
F., Stephens, J., Baird, S., Moller, B., Purcell, R.
Background: The prevalence and
burden of disease of depression and anxiety disorders in young people necessitates effective early intervention strategies. The aim of this study was
to evaluate the effectiveness of low-intensity interventions (problem solving therapy (PST) and physical activity promotion) in young people (15-25
years) with mild-moderate depression and/or anxiety. Method: A 2 x 2 factorial randomised controlled trial (RCT) with factors of PST versus
supportive counselling (control) and behavioural activation physical activity versus lifestyle psychoeducation (control). Help-seeking participants
(n=176) were randomised to receive up to 6 manualised intervention sessions. Primary outcomes were post-intervention depressive symptoms (Beck
Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), anxiety symptoms (Beck Anxiety Inventory), and Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS)). Trial
registration ACTRN12608000550303. Results: Depression symptoms were significantly reduced in the physical activity group compared to psychoeducation
(BDI-II: d = 0.41 (95% CI: 0.07-0.76); MADRS: d = 0.48 (95% CI: 0.13-0.82), but not post-intervention anxiety symptoms. PST was not superior to
supportive counselling, nor were any interactions between interventions significant. Limitations: As self reported levels of physical activity did
not significantly differ between baseline and end-point in those randomised to the physical activity intervention, it is unclear as to whether some
form of physical activity not measured in the trial may have led to the difference in depression symptoms. Conclusions: PST was not superior to
supportive counselling in reducing depression and anxiety symptoms in young people. Participants who received the physical activity intervention
reported the greatest reduction in depression symptoms, however further research is required to establish the mechanism of action and to determine
its effectiveness as an adjunct intervention in routine clinical practice. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) (journal
abstract).
Journal of Affective Disorders, 196 : 200-209
- Year: 2016
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT), Psychoeducation, Problem solving therapy (PST), Supportive
therapy, Physical activity, exercise
Perrino, T., Pantin, H., Huang, S., Brincks,
A., Brown, C. H., Prado, G.
Familias Unidas is an intervention that has been found to be efficacious in preventing and reducing
substance use, sexual risk, and problem behaviors among Hispanic youth. While it does not specifically target youth internalizing symptoms, the
intervention works to strengthen parenting and family factors associated with reduced risk of internalizing symptoms (i.e., depression, anxiety
symptoms). This study examines the effects of Familias Unidas on internalizing symptoms among high-risk youth, as well as the role of family level
factors in the intervention's effects. A total of 242 12-17-year-old Hispanic youth with a history of delinquency and their primary caregivers were
recruited from the school and juvenile justice systems, and randomly assigned to the Familias Unidas intervention or community practice control. A
linear latent growth model was used to examine intervention effects on the trajectory of adolescent internalizing symptoms from baseline to 6 and 12
months post-baseline. Results show that the Familias Unidas intervention was more efficacious than control in reducing youth internalizing symptoms.
Baseline youth externalizing and internalizing symptoms did not moderate the intervention's effects on the trajectory of youth internalizing
symptoms. While parent-adolescent communication did not significantly moderate the intervention's effects, changes in parent-adolescent
communication mediated the intervention's effects on internalizing symptoms, showing stronger intervention effects for youth starting with poorer
communication. Findings indicate that the Familias Unidas intervention can reduce internalizing symptoms among high-risk Hispanic youth, and that
improving parent-youth communication, a protective family factor, may be one of the mechanisms by which the intervention influences youth
internalizing symptoms.\rCopyright © 2015 Family Process Institute.
Family Process, 55(1) : 91-
106
- Year: 2016
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions
Pictet, A., Jermann, F., Ceschi, G.
Depression is a highly prevalent condition
worldwide, yet multiple barriers to treatments means that the development of low intensive and easily accessible psychological interventions is
crucially needed. The current study sought to investigate the efficacy of a brief, self-administered imagery cognitive bias modification (imagery
CBM) procedure delivered online to a sample of 101 individuals with depressive symptoms. Compared to a closely matched control condition or a
waitlist condition, imagery CBM led to greater improvements in depressive symptoms (d = 0.86, 95% CI = [0.33, 1.3] and d = 1.17, 95% CI = [0.62,
1.65]) interpretation bias and anhedonia. Despite the limitation to a two week follow-up, the study findings highlight the potential of imagery CBM
as a brief, easily accessible intervention for depression that can be delivered remotely in peoples' home. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd
Behaviour Research and Therapy, 84 : 45-
51
- Year: 2016
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Attention/cognitive bias
modification, Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)
Pirog-Balcerzak, A., Bazynska,
A., Bragoszewska, J., Niwinski, P., Popek, L., Remberk, B., Rybakowski, F.
Introduction: In anorexia nervosa, in addition to many somatic problems, reversible decrease in brain gray matter volume and the changes
in all key neurotransmitter systems occurs [1]. It may cause coexistence of various disorders and mental illnesses. The most common are episodes of
depression (up to 80%), obsessive compulsive disorder, panic attacks (20-60%), social phobia or generalized anxiety disorder. Polyunsaturated fatty
acids omega-3 (PUFAs) are major component of cellular and intercellular membranes of neurons and they play many regulatory processes in central
nervous system. Some studies show the efficacy of PUFAs supplementation in the depression [2] or anxiety [3] treatment. Purpose of the study: To
determine if polyunsaturated fatty acids omega-3 are effective in reducing depression and obsessivecompulssive disorder symptoms in adolescent girls
with anorexia nervosa. Methods: 61 teenage girls (12-19 years old) diagnosed with anorexia nervosa according to International Classification Diseases
Tenth Revision (ICD-10) were recruited in the period from September 2012 till October 2014. Subjects were hospitalized in Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry Department in Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw. Mean age at the index admission was 16.2+/-1.6. Demographic data, history of
illness, laboratory tests, weight, height, Body Mass Index and psychometric tests (Beck Depression Inventory - BDI, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale
- HDRS, Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale - Y-BOCS) were obtained at the baseline visit. During the stay patients underwent therapeutic and
behavioral program and were fed with rich - calories diet. In the randomized, double-blind manner subjects received active substance or placebo for
10 weeks. The active capsules contained 558 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid, 174 mg of docosahexaenoic acid and 60 mg of gamma linolenic acid, and
placebo capsules contained olive oil without omega-3 fatty acids. At the end of the study subjects were reexamined with the same evaluation measures.
Normally and non-normally distributed variables were analyzed respectively with t-test and Mann-Whitney U-test and categorical variables were
analyzed with chi-square test. The groups were unblinded after analyzing statistics data. Results: 53 patients completed the 10 weeks trial. There
was an improvement of depression and obsessive and compulsive symptoms in the whole group of inpatients. There was an insignificant decrease in
placebo group as compared with PUFAs group in depression scores measured by HDRS (7.64+/-6.95 vs 6.54+/-6.02) and BDI (10.04+/-11.53 vs 9.39+/-
11.76). The same was observed in obsessive and compulsive symptoms as measured by Y-BOCS (9.92+/-8.73 vs 7.39+/-8.02). Conclusion: In teenage girls
with anorexia nervosa, supplementaion with PUFAs during inpatient treatment did not improve depressive and obsessive and compulsive symptoms. As in
add-on studies on depression PUFAs are effective the current results suggest that depressive symptoms in anorexia are a part of anorexia clinical
presentation not a comorbid disorder.
European Neuropsychopharmacology, 26 : S729-
S730
- Year: 2016
- Problem: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Fish oil (Omega-3 fatty acids), Omega 3 fatty
acids (e.g. fish oil, flax oil)
Poppelaars, M., Tak, Y. R., Lichtwarck-Aschoff,
A., Engels, R. C., Lobel, A., Merry, S.N., Lucassen, M. F., Granic, I.
Limited research has indicated the effectiveness of the school-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) prevention program 'Op
Volle Kracht (OVK)' and the computerized CBT program 'SPARX' in decreasing depressive symptoms. Therefore, a randomized controlled trial of the
effectiveness of OVK and SPARX was conducted among Dutch female adolescents (n = 208, mean age = 13.35) with elevated depressive symptoms.
Participants were randomly assigned to one of four conditions: OVK only (n = 50), SPARX only (n = 51), OVK and SPARX combined (n = 56) and a
monitoring control condition (n = 51). Participants in the first three conditions received OVK lessons and/or the SPARX game. Depressive symptoms
were assessed before interventions started, weekly during the interventions, and immediately after the interventions ended, with follow-up
assessments at 3, 6 and 12 months. Intention to treat results showed that depressive symptoms decreased in all conditions (F(12, 1853.03) = 14.62, p
< .001), with no difference in depressive symptoms between conditions. Thus, all conditions, including the monitoring control condition, were equally
effective in reducing depressive symptoms. Possible explanations for the decrease of depressive symptoms in all conditions are discussed and
suggestions for future research are provided. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).
Behaviour Research & Therapy, 80 : 33
-42
- Year: 2016
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT), Technology, comparing delivery mode (e.g. online vs. face-to-face)
Pribis, P.
Walnuts contain a number of potentially
neuroprotective compounds like vitamin E, folate, melatonin, several antioxidative polyphenols and significant amounts of omega-3 fatty acids. The
present study sought to determine the effect of walnuts on mood in healthy volunteers. Sixty-four college students were randomly assigned to two
treatment sequences in a crossover fashion: walnut-placebo or placebo-walnut. At baseline mood was assessed using Profiles of Mood States (POMS).
Data was collected again after eight weeks of intervention. After six-weeks of washout, the intervention groups followed the diets in reverse order.
Data was collected once more at the end of the eight-week intervention period. No significant changes in mood were observed in the analyses with both
genders combined and in females. However, we have observed a significant medium effect size improvement in the Total Mood Disturbance score (-27.49%,
p = 0.043, Cohen's d = 0.708) in males. In non-depressed healthy young males, walnuts seem to have the ability to improve mood.
Nutrients, 8(11) : 25
- Year: 2016
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Dietary advice, dietary change