Disorders - depressive disorders
Yang, L., Zhou, X., Zhou, C., Zhang, Y., Pu, J., Liu, L., Gong,
X., Xie, P.
Background Few meta-analyses have focused on the effect of cognitive behavioral
therapy (CBT) for depression in children. Study Selection Randomized controlled trials comparing CBT with control conditions for depression in
children (<=13 years old) were included. Data Sources Seven electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, Web of Science, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and
LiLACS) were searched from inception to September 2015. Data Extraction and Synthesis The primary efficacy was defined as mean change scores in
depressive symptoms, and the second efficacy (remission) was a score below the threshold for a diagnosis of depression, both after treatment and at
the end of follow-up. We also measured acceptability by the proportion of participants who discontinued treatment up to posttreatment. Results Nine
studies with 306 participants were selected for this analysis. At posttreatment, CBT was significantly more effective than control conditions in
terms of primary efficacy (standardized mean difference, -0.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.64 to -0.18) and secondary efficacy (odds ratio
[OR], 2.16; 95% CI, 1.24 to 3.78). At follow-up, the results were consistent with those of efficacy outcomes at posttreatment, with a standardized
mean difference of -0.34 and an OR of 2.04. CBT had no statistical more all-cause discontinuations than the control group (OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.26 to
1.82). However, subgroup analyses found that CBT was only significantly more effective than nontreatment, while it was not better than wait list or
psychological placebo. Conclusions CBT seems to be more beneficial in the treatment of depression in children than nontreatment; however, this
finding is limited by the small size of the trials and low literature quality. Copyright © 2016 Academic Pediatric Association
Academic Pediatrics, 17(1) : 9-
16
- Year: 2017
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT)
Yatham, S., Sivathasan, S., Yoon, R., da-
Silva, T. L., Ravindran, A. V.
Background: Low and middle income countries (LMICs) not only
have the majority of the world's population but also the largest proportion of youth. Poverty, civil conflict and environmental stressors tend to be
endemic in these countries and contribute to significant psychiatric morbidity, including depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder
(PTSD). However, mental health data from LMICs is scarce, particularly data on youth. Evaluation of such information is crucial for planning services
and reducing the burden of disability. This paper reviews the published data on the prevalence and randomized trials of interventions for depression,
anxiety and PTSD in youth in LMICs. Methods: PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for articles published in English up to January 2017, using the
keywords: Low/middle income country, depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, child, youth, adolescent, prevalence, treatment,
intervention, and outcomes. Results: The few prevalence studies in LMICs reported rates of up to 28% for significant symptoms of depression or
anxiety among youth, and up to 87% for symptoms of PTSD among youth exposed to traumatic experienences, though these rates varied widely depending on
several factors, including the assessments tools used. Most rigorous interventions employed some form or variation of CBT, with mixed results.
Studies using other forms of psychosocial interventions appear to be heterogeneous and less rigorous. Conclusions: The mental health burden due to
depression and anxiety disorders in youth is substantial in LMICs, with high needs but inadequate services. Youth specific services for early
detection and cost-effective interventions are needed. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V.
Asian Journal of
Psychiatry., :
- Year: 2017
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Universal prevention, At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Psychological Interventions
(any)
Wahle, F., Bollhalder,
L., Kowatsch, T., Fleisch, E.
BACKGROUND: Existing research postulates a variety of components that show
an impact on utilization of technology-mediated mental health information systems (MHIS) and treatment outcome. Although researchers assessed the
effect of isolated design elements on the results of Web-based interventions and the associations between symptom reduction and use of components
across computer and mobile phone platforms, there remains uncertainty with regard to which components of technology-mediated interventions for mental
health exert the greatest therapeutic gain. Until now, no studies have presented results on the therapeutic benefit associated with specific service
components of technology-mediated MHIS for depression.\rOBJECTIVE: This systematic review aims at identifying components of technology-mediated MHIS
for patients with depression. Consequently, all randomized controlled trials comparing technology-mediated treatments for depression to either
waiting-list control, treatment as usual, or any other form of treatment for depression were reviewed. Updating prior reviews, this study aims to (1)
assess the effectiveness of technology-supported interventions for the treatment of depression and (2) add to the debate on what components in
technology-mediated MHIS for the treatment of depression should be standard of care.\rMETHODS: Systematic searches in MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and the
Cochrane Library were conducted. Effect sizes for each comparison between a technology-enabled intervention and a control condition were computed
using the standard mean difference (SMD). Chi-square tests were used to test for heterogeneity. Using subgroup analysis, potential sources of
heterogeneity were analyzed. Publication bias was examined using visual inspection of funnel plots and Begg's test. Qualitative data analysis was
also used. In an explorative approach, a list of relevant components was extracted from the body of literature by consensus between two researchers.
\rRESULTS: Of 6387 studies initially identified, 45 met all inclusion criteria. Programs analyzed showed a significant trend toward reduced
depressive symptoms (SMD -0.58, 95% CI -0.71 to -0.45, P<.001). Heterogeneity was large (I2>=76). A total of 15 components were identified.
\rCONCLUSIONS: Technology-mediated MHIS for the treatment of depression has a consistent positive overall effect compared to controls. A total of 15
components have been identified. Further studies are needed to quantify the impact of individual components on treatment effects and to identify
further components that are relevant for the design of future technology-mediated interventions for the treatment of depression and other mental
disorders.
Journal of Medical Internet
Research, 19(5) : e191
- Year: 2017
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder), At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)
Weersing, V. R., Jeffreys, M., Do, M. T., Schwartz, K. T., Bolano, C.
Depression in youth is prevalent and disabling and tends to presage
a chronic and recurrent course of illness and impairment in adulthood. Clinical trial research in youth depression has a 30-year history, and
evidence-based treatment reviews appeared in 1998 and 2008. The current review of 42 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) updates these reviews to
include RCTs published between 2008 and 2014 (N = 14) and reevaluates previously reviewed literature. Given the growing maturity of the field, this
review utilized a stringent set of methodological criteria for trial inclusion, most notable for excluding trials based in subclinical samples of
youth that had been included in previous reviews (N = 12) and including well-designed RCTs with null and negative findings (N = 8). Findings from the
current review suggest that evidence for child treatments is notably weaker than for adolescent interventions, with no child treatments achieving
well-established status and the evidentiary basis of treatments downgraded from previous reports. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for clinically
depressed children appears to be possibly efficacious, with mixed findings across trials. For depressed adolescents, both CBT and interpersonal
psychotherapy are well-established interventions, with evidence of efficacy in multiple trials by independent investigative teams. This positive
conclusion is tempered by the small size of the interpersonal psychotherapy literature (N = 6) and concern that CBT effects may be attenuated in
clinically complicated samples and when compared against active control conditions. Data on predictors, moderators, and mediators are examined and
priorities for future research discussed.
Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 46(1) : 11-
43
- Year: 2017
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder), At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any)
Werner-Seidler, A., Perry, Y., Calear, A. L., Newby, J. M., Christensen, H.
Depression and anxiety
often emerge for the first time during youth. The school environment provides an ideal context to deliver prevention programs, with potential to
offset the trajectory towards disorder. The aim of this review was to provide a comprehensive evaluation of randomised-controlled trials of
psychological programs, designed to prevent depression and/or anxiety in children and adolescents delivered in school settings. Medline, PsycINFO and
the Cochrane Library were systematically searched for articles published until February 2015. Eighty-one unique studies comprising 31,794 school
students met inclusion criteria. Small effect sizes for both depression (g=0.23) and anxiety (g=0.20) prevention programs immediately post-
intervention were detected. Small effects were evident after 12-month follow-up for both depression (g=0.11) and anxiety (g=0.13). Overall, the
quality of the included studies was poor, and heterogeneity was moderate. Subgroup analyses suggested that universal depression prevention programs
had smaller effect sizes at post-test relative to targeted programs. For anxiety, effect sizes were comparable for universal and targeted programs.
There was some evidence that externally-delivered interventions were superior to those delivered by school staff for depression, but not anxiety.
Meta-regression confirmed that targeted programs predicted larger effect sizes for the prevention of depression. These results suggest that the
refinement of school-based prevention programs have the potential to reduce mental health burden and advance public health outcomes.
Clinical Psychology Review, 51 : 30-
47
- Year: 2017
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Universal prevention, At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Other Psychological Interventions
Radovic, S., Gordon, M. S., Melvin, G. A.
There is growing interest in the potential role of exercise in the reduction of depressive
symptoms. The aim of this meta-analysis was to examine whether exercise reduces depressive symptoms amongst depressed adolescents. The following
databases were searched on 30 January 2015: MEDLINE, PsychINFO, SPORTDiscuss and PUBMED. Studies were included if they examined exercise
interventions amongst adolescents with clinical levels of depressive symptoms, were published in peer-reviewed journals in the English language and
contained a control/comparison group. Of 6631 retrieved studies, eight studies were included in the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis was conducted using
a random effects model due to the high level of heterogeneity identified amongst studies ( I 2 = 65.1, P < .005). The analysis revealed a
moderate reduction in depressive symptoms post-intervention (Hedge's g = -0.61, P = .007). This analysis provides preliminary evidence that exercise
is effective in reducing symptoms of depression among adolescents with clinical levels of depressive symptoms. The present meta-analysis, however, is
limited by the generally low quality of included studies, high level of between-study heterogeneity and restriction of inclusion criteria to
published studies. Further high-quality trials with depressed adolescents are needed to determine the efficacy of exercise in the reduction of
depressive symptoms and the exercise parameters associated with the antidepressant effects of exercise.
Journal of Paediatrics &
Child Health, 53(3) : 214-220
- Year: 2017
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder), At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Physical activity, exercise
Richardson, L. P., McCarty, C. A., Radovic, A., Suleiman, A. B.
Despite the recognition that behavioral and medical health conditions are
frequently intertwined, the existing health care system divides management for these issues into separate settings. This separation results in
increased barriers to receipt of care and contributes to problems of underdetection, inappropriate diagnosis, and lack of treatment engagement.
Adolescents and young adults with mental health conditions have some of the lowest rates of treatment for their conditions of all age groups.
Integration of behavioral health into primary care settings has the potential to address these barriers and improve outcomes for adolescents and
young adults. In this paper, we review the current research literature for behavioral health integration in the adolescent and young adult population
and make recommendations for needed research to move the field forward. Copyright © 2016 Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine
Journal of Adolescent Health, 60(3) : 261-
269
- Year: 2017
- Problem: Depressive Disorders, Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention), Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Other service delivery and improvement
interventions
Roseman, M., Saadat, N., Riehm, K. E., Kloda, L. A., Boruff, J., Ickowicz, A., Baltzer, F., Katz, L. Y., Patten,
S. B., Rousseau, C., Thombs, B. D.
Objective:
Depression screening among children and adolescents is controversial. In 2009, the United States Preventive Services Task Force first recommended
routine depression screening for adolescents, and this recommendation was reiterated in 2016. However, no randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of
screening were identified in the original 2009 systematic review or in an updated review through February 2015. The objective of this systematic
review was to provide a current evaluation to determine whether there is evidence from RCTs that depression screening in childhood and adolescence
improves depression outcomes. Method: Data sources included the MEDLINE, MEDLINE In-Process, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cochrane CENTRAL and LILACS databases
searched February 2, 2017. Eligible studies had to be RCTs that compared depression outcomes between children or adolescents aged 6 to 18 years who
underwent depression screening and those who did not. Results: Of 552 unique title/abstracts, none received full-text review. No RCTs that
investigated the effects of screening on depression outcomes in children or adolescents were identified. Conclusions: There is no direct RCT evidence
that supports depression screening among children and adolescents. Groups that consider recommending screening should carefully consider potential
harms, as well as the use of scarce health resources, that would occur with the implementation of screening programs. Copyright © 2017, © The Author
(s) 2017.
Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 62(12) : 813-817
- Year: 2017
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Universal prevention, At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement
Schleider, J. L., Weisz, J.
R.
Objective Despite progress in the development of evidence-based interventions for youth psychiatric problems, up to 75% of youths
with mental health needs never receive services, and early dropout is common among those who do. If effective, then single-session interventions
(SSIs) for youth psychiatric problems could increase the accessibility, scalability, completion rates, and cost-effectiveness of youth mental health
services. This study assessed the effects of SSIs for youth psychiatric problems. Method Using robust variance estimation to address effect size (ES)
dependency, findings from 50 randomized-controlled trials (10,508 youths) were synthesized. Results Mean postintervention ES showed a Hedges g value
equal to 0.32; the probability that a youth receiving SSI would fare better than a control-group youth was 58%. Effects varied by several moderators,
including target problem: ESs were largest for anxiety (0.56) and conduct problems (0.54) and weakest for substance abuse (0.08; targeted in >33% of
studies). Other problems yielded numerically promising but nonsignificant ESs (e.g., 0.21 for depression), potentially from low representation across
trials. ESs differed across control conditions, with larger ESs for studies with no treatment (0.41) versus active controls (0.14); developmental
periods, with greater ESs for children (0.42) than adolescents (0.19); intervention types, with largest ESs for youth-focused cognitive-behavioral
approaches (0.74); and follow-up lengths, with smaller ESs for follow-ups exceeding 13 weeks. ESs did not differ for self- versus therapist-
administered interventions or for youths with diagnosable versus subclinical problems. Conclusion Findings support the promise of SSIs for certain
youth psychiatric problems and the need to clarify how, to what degree, and for whom SSIs effect lasting change. Copyright © 2016 American Academy of
Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 56(2) : 107-
115
- Year: 2017
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders, Substance Use Disorders (any)
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Universal prevention, At risk (indicated or selected prevention), Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any)
Tindall, L., Mikocka-Walus, A., McMillan, D., Wright, B., Hewitt, C., Gascoyne, S.
Purpose: Depression is currently the leading cause of illness and disability in young people. Evidence suggests
that behavioural activation (BA) is an effective treatment for depression in adults but less research focuses on its application with young people.
This review therefore examined whether BA is effective in the treatment of depression in young people. Methods: A systematic review (International
Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews reference: CRD42015020453), following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
guidelines, was conducted to examine studies that had explored behavioural interventions for young people with depression. The electronic databases
searched included the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL Plus, PsychINFO, and Scopus. A meta-analysis employing a generic inverse variance,
random-effects model was conducted on the included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to examine whether there were overall effects of BA on the
Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised. Results: Ten studies met inclusion criteria: three RCTs and seven within-participant designs (total n =
170). The review showed that BA may be effective in the treatment of depression in young people. The Cochrane risk of bias tool and the Moncrieff
scale used to assess the quality of the included studies revealed a variety of limitations within each. Conclusions: Despite demonstrating that BA
may be effective in the treatment of depression in young people, the review indicated a number of methodological problems in the included studies
meaning that the results and conclusions should be treated with caution. Furthermore, the paucity of studies in this area highlights the need for
further research. Practitioner points Currently BA is included within National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE, 2009) guidelines
as an evidence-based treatment for depression in adults with extensive research supporting its effectiveness. It is important to investigate whether
it may also be effective in treating young people. Included studies reported reductions in depression scores across a range of measures following BA.
BA may be an effective treatment of depression in young people. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
Psychology and
Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 90(4) : 770-796
- Year: 2017
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder), At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT)
Twohig, M. P., Levin, M. E.
Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is a modern form of cognitive
behavioral therapy based on a distinct philosophy and basic science of cognition. This article reviews the core features of ACT's theoretic model of
psychopathology and treatment and its therapeutic approach. It provides a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating ACT for
depression and anxiety disorders. Summarizing 36 RCTs, ACT appears to be more efficacious than waitlist conditions and treatment-as-usual, with
largely equivalent effects relative to traditional cognitive behavioral therapy. Evidence indicates that ACT treatment outcomes are mediated through
increases in psychological flexibility, its theorized process of change.
Psychiatric Clinics of North
America, 40(4) : 751-770
- Year: 2017
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention), Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Acceptance & commitment therapy
(ACT)
Wright, B., Tindall, L., Littlewood, E., Allgar, V., Abeles,
P., Trepel, D., Ali, S.
OBJECTIVES: Computer-administered cognitive-behavioural therapy (CCBT) may be a promising treatment for
adolescents with depression, particularly due to its increased availability and accessibility. The feasibility of delivering a randomised controlled
trial (RCT) comparing a CCBT program (Stressbusters) with an attention control (self-help websites) for adolescent depression was evaluated.\rDESIGN:
Single centre RCT feasibility study.\rSETTING: The trial was run within community and clinical settings in York, UK.\rPARTICIPANTS: Adolescents (aged
12-18) with low mood/depression were assessed for eligibility, 91 of whom met the inclusion criteria and were consented and randomised to
Stressbusters (n=45) or websites (n=46) using remote computerised single allocation. Those with comorbid physical illness were included but those
with psychosis, active suicidality or postnatal depression were not.\rINTERVENTIONS: An eight-session CCBT program (Stressbusters) designed for use
with adolescents with low mood/depression was compared with an attention control (accessing low mood self-help websites).\rPRIMARY AND SECONDARY
OUTCOME MEASURES: Participants completed mood and quality of life measures and a service Use Questionnaire throughout completion of the trial and 4
months post intervention. Measures included the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) (primary outcome measure), Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ),
Spence Children's Anxiety Scale (SCAS), the EuroQol five dimensions questionnaire (youth) (EQ-5D-Y) and Health Utility Index Mark 2 (HUI-2). Changes
in self-reported measures and completion rates were assessed by treatment group.\rRESULTS: From baseline to 4 months post intervention, BDI scores
and MFQ scores decreased for the Stressbusters group but increased in the website group. Quality of life, as measured by the EQ-5D-Y, increased for
both groups while costs at 4 months were similar to baseline. Good feasibility outcomes were found, suggesting the trial process to be feasible and
acceptable for adolescents with depression.\rCONCLUSIONS: With modifications, a fully powered RCT is achievable to investigate a promising treatment
for adolescent depression in a climate where child mental health service resources are limited.\rTrial registration number: isrctn31219579.
BMJ
Open, 7(1) : e012834
- Year: 2017
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT), Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)