Disorders - depressive disorders
Kennedy, G. A., Jean-Forney, K., Pinner, D., Martinez, K. M., Buchman-Schmitt, J. M., Keel, P. K.
Objective: Research suggests that weight suppression (WS) is linked to non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and that drive for thinness and
depression may explain this association. We conducted a proof-of-concept study using a randomized control trial design to determine if improving body
esteem and reducing depressive symptoms reduced NSSI in individuals with WS. Method(s): Weight suppressed participants (N = 60) who engaged in NSSI
were recruited from the community and randomly assigned to an on-line intervention or control condition. The on-line intervention was adapted from a
cognitive-dissonance intervention originally designed to reduce thin-ideal internalization in females to an intervention to reduce internalization of
unhealthy body ideals in both genders. Participants' weight/shape concerns, depressive symptoms, and NSSI were assessed at pre- and post-
intervention, or at baseline and 2-week follow-up for controls. Result(s): Compared to controls, participants in the treatment condition reported
greater decreases in likelihood of future NSSI [Cohen's d (95% CI) = -0.38 (-0.90-0.15)], weight/shape concerns [-1.19 (-1.75 to -0.62)], depressive
symptoms [-1.00 (-1.56 to -0.45)], and significant improvements in appearance [1.27 (0.70-1.84)] and weight esteem [1.38 (0.80-1.96)]. Discussion(s):
Future work could test this intervention in a larger trial with an active alternative treatment condition. Copyright © 2019 Wiley Periodicals,
Inc.
International Journal of Eating
Disorders, 52(2) : 206-210
- Year: 2019
- Problem: Depressive Disorders, Non-suicidal self-harm behaviours
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder), At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive dissonance
therapy, Technology, interventions delivered using technology (e.g. online, SMS)
Diamond, G. S., Kobak, R. R., Krauthamer-Ewing, E. S., Levy, S. A., Herres, J. L., Russon, J. M., Gallop, R. J.
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of attachment-based family therapy (ABFT) compared with a family-enhanced nondirective supportive
therapy (FE-NST) for decreasing adolescents' suicide ideation and depressive symptoms. Method(s): A randomized controlled trial of 129 adolescents
who are suicidal ages 12- to 18-years-old (49% were African American) were randomized to ABFT (n = 66) or FE-NST (n = 63) for 16 weeks of treatment.
Assessments occurred at baseline and 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks. Trajectory of change and clinical recovery were calculated for suicidal ideation and
depressive symptoms. Result(s): There was no significant between-group difference in the rate of change in self-reported ideation (Suicidal Ideation
Questionnaire-Jr; F1,127 = 181, p = .18). Similar results were found for depressive symptoms. However, adolescents receiving ABFT showed a
significant decrease in suicide ideation (t127 = 12.61, p < .0001; effect size, d = 2.24). Adolescents receiving FE-NST showed a similar
significant decrease (t127 = 10.88, p < .0001; effect size, d = 1.93). Response rates (ie, >=50% decrease in suicide ideation symptoms
from baseline) at post-treatment were 69.1% for ABFT versus 62.3% for FE-NST. Conclusion(s): Contrary to expectations, ABFT did not perform better
than FE-NST. The 2 treatments produced substantial decreases in suicidal ideation and depressive symptoms that were comparable to or better than
those reported in other more intensive, multicomponent treatments. The equivalent outcomes could be attributed to common treatment elements,
different active mechanisms, or regression to the mean. Future studies will explore long-term follow up, secondary outcomes, and potential moderators
and mediators. Clinical trial registration information: Attachment-Based Family Therapy for Suicidal Adolescents; http://clinicaltrials.gov;
NCT01537419. Copyright © 2018 American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 58(7) : 721-
731
- Year: 2019
- Problem: Depressive Disorders, Suicide or self-harm behaviours (excluding non-suicidal self-harm)
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention), Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Family therapy, Supportive
therapy
Papp, M. E., Nygren-Bonnier, M., Gullstrand, L., Wandell, P. E., Lindfors, P.
Objective: Modern hatha yoga exercises (YE) provide an alternative form of
physical activity which may reduce stress, facilitate recovery and improve health. This study investigated the short-term effects of high intensity
hatha yoga exercises (HIY) on health-related outcomes. Method(s): A 6-week randomized controlled study was performed to compare HIY with a control
group not changing their exercise behavior. Healthy students (N = 44; median age: 25 years, range 20-39 years; HIY: n = 21, including 3 men; control
group: n = 23, including 3 men) novice to yoga participated in the intervention which included one weekly class and recommended home training.
Participants provided self-reports in questionnaires before and after the intervention. Self-reports included anxiety and depression (Hospital
Anxiety and Depression Scale), stress (Perceived Stress Scale), sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), insomnia (Insomnia Severity Index),
subjective health complaints (Common Symptoms in General Practice Index) and self-rated health (single-item). Result(s): After the 6-week
intervention, there were no between-group differences in anxiety, depression, stress, sleep or self-rated health. However, when investigating
associations within the HIY-group, a higher HIY-dose was related to less depression (r = 0.47; p = 0.03), improved sleep quality (r = 0.55; p =
0.01), and less insomnia (r = 0.49; p = 0.02). Conclusion(s): There were no short-term between-group effects of HIY on mental distress, sleep or
self-rated health. However, within the HIY-group, a higher dose was associated with improved mental health in terms of depression and with improved
sleep. Although future studies with larger samples are needed, these preliminary findings suggest short-term positive effects of HIY on health-
related outcomes among students. Trial registration number: NCT01305096. Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd
Journal of Bodywork & Movement
Therapies., :
- Year: 2019
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Universal prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Mind-body exercises (e.g. yoga, tai chi, qigong)
Matos, A. P.
This study evaluated whether Arnarson and Craighead's (2009, 2011) developmentally based
behavioral and cognitive program that prevented the initial episode of depressive disorders among Icelandic adolescents could be adapted to prevent
depressive disorders among \"at-risk\" Portuguese adolescents. One hundred sixty-eight Portuguese mid-adolescents (primarily 14 to 15 years old), who
had subsyndromal symptoms of depression but who had never met criteria for a depressive disorder, were identified by classroom screening with the CDI
and subsequent K-SADS-PL interview. All 168 adolescents were offered participation in the 14-week prevention program; 70 agreed to participate in the
program, and 98 agreed to participate only in an assessment control group. Psychological disorders were evaluated at baseline, 6-, 12-, 18-, and 24-
month assessments. During the 2-year follow-up period, 12 students in the assessment-only group experienced an initial depressive disorder versus 2
in the prevention group. Survival analyses indicated a significantly lower rate of initial episodes of depressive disorders, chi2(1) =
4.261, p = .039, among the prevention group participants compared to the assessment only comparison group. The hazard ratio was .207, and the NNT was
11. Survival analyses indicated no significant differences between the prevention condition and the assessment only condition in the occurrence of
other psychiatric disorders, chi2(1) = 1.080, p = .299. The findings indicate the program can be successfully adapted for use in Portuguese schools,
and they provide a preliminary indication that those \"at-risk\" adolescents who chose to participate in the program, compared to those who chose to
participate only in the assessments, developed fewer initial episodes of depressive disorders over the course of 24 months. The program effects were
similar to the outcomes of the prior study of this program in Iceland. As in the Icelandic version of the program, its effects appeared to be
specific to the depressive disorders for which the program was designed. Copyright © 2018
Behavior
Therapy, 50(4) : 743-754
- Year: 2019
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Controlled clinical trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Psychoeducation, Other Psychological Interventions
Martinsen, K. D., Rasmussen, L. M. P., Wentzel-Larsen, T., Holen, S., Sund, A. M., Lovaas, M. E. S., Patras, J., Kendall, P. C., Waaktaar,
T., Neumer, S. P.
Objective: The objective of the study was to examine the effectiveness of a transdiagnostic program (EMOTION, Coping Kids
Managing Anxiety and Depression) targeting symptoms of anxiety and depression in schoolchildren by comparing the intervention condition (EC) to a
control condition (CC). Method(s): A clustered randomized design was used with schools as the unit of randomization. Children (N = 1686) aged 8-12
years in 36 schools completed screening using the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale (MASC-Child) and The Mood and Feelings Questionnaire Short version
(SMFQ-Child). Scoring 1 SD above a population-based mean on anxiety and/or depression, 873 children were invited to participate. Intent-to-treat
analyses were performed, and mixed-effects models were used. Result(s): Analyses revealed significant reductions of anxious and depressive symptoms
as reported by the children, in which children in the intervention condition EC had almost twice the reduction in symptoms compared with the control
condition CC. For parent report of the child's depressive symptoms, there was a significant decrease of symptoms in the intervention condition EC
compared with CC. However, parents did not report a significant decrease in anxious symptoms in the intervention condition EC as compared with CC.
Conclusion(s): A transdiagnostic prevention program, provided in schools, was successful in reducing youth-reported symptoms of anxiety and
depression and parent-reported depression. The EMOTION program has the potential to reduce the incidence of anxious and depressive disorders in
youth. Copyright © 2019 American Psychological Association.
Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 87(2) : 212-
219
- Year: 2019
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT), Skills training
Emslie, G. J., Kennard, B. D.
Background & aims: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a serious and chronic illness in youth, with 40-70% experiencing a
relapse of depression. Even with continued treatment, approximately 40% will relapse (Emslie et al., 2008). Method(s): Youth (8-17 years) with MDD
were treated with fluoxetine 10-40 mg for 6 weeks, and responders ( >= 50% reduction in CDRS-R) were randomized to continued medication alone or
continued medication plus Relapse Prevention CBT (RP-CBT) for 6 months. Independent evaluators (IEs) rated depression severity (based on the CDRS-R)
every 6 weeks through week 78. Result(s): Of 281 youth evaluated, 200 met criteria for MDD and initiated acute treatment with fluoxetine. Responders
(n = 144) were randomized to continue medication alone (MM, n = 69) or continue medication with RP-CBT (MM+CBT, n = 75) for 6 more months. Mean time
to remission (CDRS-R total score <= 28) between the two treatment groups was not significantly different during follow up. The MM+CBT group had a
significantly lower risk of relapse than those in the MM group at 30-weeks, 52-week follow-up, and 78-week follow-up. Probability of relapse for the
MM+CBT group was 7.5% and 19% at 30 weeks and 52 weeks respectively, compared with 28% and 50% for the MM group. At 78 weeks, relapse rates remained
lower in the group that received CBT compared to MM (36% vs 62%). Conclusion(s): As the first study to examine relapse prevention focused CBT in
depressed youth, we demonstrated RP-CBT's effectiveness in reducing relapse rates through 78 weeks, but not in accelerating time to remission.
Bipolar Disorders, 21 (Supplement
1) : 14
- Year: 2019
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Relapse prevention
-
Treatment and intervention: Biological Interventions
(any), Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT)
Smith, H.L., McDermott, K.A., Carlton, C.N., Cougle, J.R.
Interpretation Bias Modification (IBM) interventions have been effective in reducing negative interpretation biases theorized to
underlie depressive psychopathology. Although these programs have been highlighted as potential short-term interventions for depression, mixed
evidence has been found for their effects on depressive symptoms. There is a need to examine attitudes towards training as well as individual
difference factors that may impact symptom outcomes for IBM depression interventions. Seventy-two dysphoric young adults were randomly assigned to
receive either an IBM targeting negative interpretation bias in personal evaluations or interpersonal situations or a healthy video control (HVC)
condition. Compared to those who received HVC, participants in the IBM condition reported lower negative interpretation bias at posttreatment. No
differences between conditions were found for symptom outcomes. Greater perceived treatment credibility and expectancy were associated with better
treatment outcomes for both the IBM and HVC groups. Within the IBM group, a greater tendency toward assimilation with treatment scenarios was
significantly associated with better treatment outcomes for both depressive and anger symptoms. This effect was unique from treatment credibility and
expectancy. Pretreatment psychological reactance did not predict treatment response for either condition. Implications and future research directions
are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
Behavior Therapy, 50(3) : 646-
658
- Year: 2019
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Psychoeducation, Attention/cognitive bias
modification
Goodyer, I. M., Wilkinson, P. O.
BACKGROUND: Over the past two decades new and key
randomized controlled trials have reported the efficacy, clinical and cost effectiveness of psychological and pharmacological treatments for
adolescents with major depression. METHOD(S): The literature was searched through pubmed, psychinfo, scopus and web of science for randomized
controlled trials of current major depression together with meta-analyses and systematic reviews of trials between 2000 and 2017. Those specific to
the adolescent years (11-18 years) were taken as the primary source for this narrative review. Additional selected studies in adults were used to
illustrate methodological issues. RESULT(S): Manualized psychological therapies and the SSRI fluoxetine are more effective than active placebo in the
treatment of major depressions. Mild to moderate illnesses attending community-based services are likely to benefit from psychological treatment
alone. Moderately to severely ill patients attending clinic and hospital services are likely to benefit from monotherapies or combining psychological
and pharmacological treatment. Antidepressants carry a small but significant side-effect risk including increased suicidality. Side effects from
psychotherapies are somewhat lower but specific negative consequences remain less well characterized. There is some evidence that CBT-based
approaches prevent onset of major depression episode in well adolescents at high-risk. Other psychological interventions have not been adequately
studied. There has been only limited identification of treatment moderators and no clear understanding of therapeutic mechanisms. CONCLUSION(S):
There is now a range of clinically effective treatments for depressed adolescents. Future research needs to reveal moderators of and mechanisms for
individual differences to treatment response, determine psychotherapies of value for milder depressions, enhance our understanding of safety and
side-effects for all treatments, and consider how to reduce and treat treatment-resistant cases. Copyright © 2018 Association for Child and
Adolescent Mental Health.
Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied
disciplines, 60(3) : 232-243
- Year: 2019
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder), At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Biological Interventions
(any), Antidepressants
(any), Psychological Interventions
(any)
Dale, L. P., Vanderloo, L., Moore, S., Faulkner, G.
Problem: A 2011 review of reviews reported small to moderate associations between physical activity (PA)and
depression, anxiety and self-esteem among children and youth (aged 5-17 years). Due to the increase in reviews examining PA and mental health
outcomes in children and youth over the past decade, we conducted an umbrella review to determine the current state of the literature, including
whether effects were moderated by dose and type of PA, age, sex, or severity of mental illness. Method(s): We systematically reviewed literature
published from 2010 onwards from six online databases to identify and summarize findings from systematic reviews examining PA and depression,
anxiety, and self-esteem outcomes in children and youth. We assessed review quality using the AMSTAR 2 critical appraisal tool. Result(s): We
identified 26 reviews examining depression (n = 16), anxiety (n = 2), and self-esteem (n = 14). Half of the eligible reviews were considered to be of
low or critically low quality (n = 13). PA had positive mental health outcomes for children and youth, specifically for reduction in
depression/depressive symptoms and improvements in physical self-concept, a self-esteem sub-domain. Little research has examined PA and anxiety. The
moderator analyses reviewed revealed stronger effects in populations with clinical diagnoses (e.g. depression)and for interventions consisting of
regular, supervised, group-based aerobic exercise. Conclusion(s): PA appears to be an effective intervention for reducing depression/depressive
symptoms and improving physical self-perceptions, although additional high-quality research and moderator analyses are needed to determine what type
of PA interventions may result in better mental health outcomes for children and youth. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd
Mental Health and Physical Activity, 16 : 66-79
- Year: 2019
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder), At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Physical activity, exercise
Rose-Clarke, K., Bentley, A., Marston, C., Prost, A.
Background Adolescents aged 10-19 represent one sixth of
the world's population and have a high burden of morbidity, particularly in low-resource settings. We know little about the potential of community-
based peer facilitators to improve adolescent health in such contexts. Methods We did a systematic review of peer-facilitated community-based
interventions for adolescent health in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We searched databases for randomised controlled trials of
interventions featuring peer education, counselling, activism, and/or outreach facilitated by young people aged 10-24. We included trials with
outcomes across key areas of adolescent health: infectious and vaccine preventable diseases, undernutrition, HIV/AIDS, sexual and reproductive
health, unintentional injuries, violence, physical disorders, mental disorders and substance use. We summarised evidence from these trials
narratively. PROSPERO registration: CRD42016039190. Results We found 20 studies (61,014 adolescents). Fourteen studies tested interventions linked to
schools or colleges, and 12 had non-peer-facilitated components, e.g. health worker training. Four studies had HIV-related outcomes, but none
reported reductions in HIV prevalence or incidence. Nine studies had clinical sexual and reproductive health outcomes, but only one reported a
positive effect: a reduction in Herpes Simplex Virus-2 incidence. Three studies had violence-related outcomes, two of which reported reductions in
physical violence by school staff and perpetration of physical violence by adolescents. Seven studies had mental health outcomes, four of which
reported reductions in depressive symptoms. Finally, we found eight studies on substance use, four of which reported reductions in alcohol
consumption and smoking or tobacco use. There were no studies on infectious and vaccine preventable diseases, undernutrition, or injuries.
Conclusions There are few trials on the effects of peer-facilitated community-based interventions for adolescent health in LMICs. Existing trials
have mixed results, with the most promising evidence supporting work with peer facilitators to improve adolescent mental health and reduce substance
use and violence. Copyright © 2019 Rose-Clarke et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution
License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
PLoS ONE, 14 (1) (no
pagination)(e0210468) :
- Year: 2019
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Systematic reviews
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention), Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Service Delivery & Improvement, Psychological Interventions
(any), Other service delivery and improvement
interventions
Fristad, M.A., Vesco, A.T., Young, A.S., Healy, K., Nader,
E.S., Gardner, W., Seidenfeld, A.M., Wolfson, H.L., Arnold, L.
The goal of this study
is to evaluate feasibility and estimate effect sizes of omega-3 fatty acids (OMEGA3), individual-family psychoeducational psychotherapy (PEP), their
combination, and moderating effects of maternal depression and psychosocial stressors in youth with depression. In a pilot 2 x 2 randomized
controlled trial, 72 youth (ages 7-14; 57% Caucasian, 57% male) with major depression, dysthymia, or depression not otherwise specified were
randomized to 12 weeks of OMEGA3, PEP + placebo, OMEGA3 + PEP, or placebo. OMEGA3 versus placebo was double-masked. Evaluators masked to condition
assessed depressive severity at baseline (randomization) and at 2, 4, 6, 9, and 12 weeks using the Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised. Side
effects were either absent or mild. PEP was administered with 74% fidelity. Remission was 77%, OMEGA3 + PEP; 61%, PEP + placebo; 44%, OMEGA3; 56%,
placebo. Intent-to-treat analyses found small to medium effects of combined treatment (d = .29) and OMEGA3 monotherapy (d = .42), but negligible
effect for PEP + placebo (d < .10), all compared to placebo alone. Relative to placebo, youth with fewer social stressors responded better to OMEGA3
(p = .04), PEP (p = .028), and their combination (p = .035), and those with maternal depression responded better to PEP (p = .020) than did those
without maternal depression. Remission rates were favorable compared to other studies of psychotherapy and comparable to an existing randomized
controlled trial of OMEGA3; results warrant further evaluation in a larger sample. OMEGA3 was well tolerated. Active treatments show significantly
more placebo-controlled depression improvement in the context of maternal depression and fewer stressors, suggesting that they may benefit depression
with a more endogenous than environmental origin. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 48(Suppl 1) : S105-
S118
- Year: 2019
- Problem: Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: Disorder established (diagnosed disorder)
-
Treatment and intervention: Complementary & Alternative
Interventions (CAM), Psychological Interventions
(any), Psychoeducation, Other Psychological Interventions, Fish oil (Omega-3 fatty acids), Omega 3 fatty
acids (e.g. fish oil, flax oil)
Fite, P. J., Cooley, J. L., Poquiz, J., Williford, A.
OBJECTIVE:
Due to the limited effectiveness of extant prevention and intervention strategies, the current study is an initial evaluation of a cognitive
behavioral group intervention, originally designed to treat symptoms of depression and anxiety, for youth who experienced peer victimization. METHOD
(S): Twelve third- through fifth-grade youth participated in the intervention, and their data were compared with 12 youth who were a part of a
naturalistic control group. Additionally, school-wide data are reported to provide overall school trends. RESULT(S): Whereas the intervention group
participants exhibited decreases in relational victimization, depressive symptoms, and passive coping, the control group participants exhibited
nonsignificant increases in relational victimization, depressive symptoms, and passive coping. School-wide data also indicated overall increases in
relational victimization and depressive symptoms, but no changes in passive coping. CONCLUSION(S): Findings suggest that cognitive behavioral group
interventions may provide a promising avenue for addressing the mental health needs of victimized elementary school-age youth. Copyright © 2018 Wiley
Periodicals, Inc.
Journal of Clinical
Psychology, 75(1) : 46-65
- Year: 2019
- Problem: Anxiety Disorders (any), Depressive Disorders
- Type: Randomised controlled trials
-
Stage: At risk (indicated or selected prevention)
-
Treatment and intervention: Psychological Interventions
(any), Cognitive & behavioural therapies (CBT)